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Google's Bad Data Wiped Another Neighborhood Off the Map (medium.com)

Medium's technology publication ran a 3,600-word investigation into a mystery that began when a 66-year-old New York woman Googled directions to her neighborhood, "and found that the app had changed the name of her community..." It's just as well no one contacted Google, because Google wasn't the company that renamed the Fruit Belt to Medical Park. When residents investigated, they found the misnomer repeated on several major apps and websites including HERE, Bing, Uber, Zillow, Grubhub, TripAdvisor, and Redfin... Monica Stephens, a geographer at the University at Buffalo who studies digital maps and misinformation, immediately suspected the geographic clearinghouse Pitney Bowes. Founded in 1920 as a maker of postage meters -- the machines that stamp mail with proof it's been sent -- Pitney Bowes expanded into neighborhood data in 2016 when it bought the leading U.S. provider, Maponics. In its 15-year run, Maponics had supplied neighborhood data to companies from Airbnb to Twitter to the Houston Chronicle. And it had also just acquired a longtime competitor, Urban Mapping, which has previously supplied Facebook, Microsoft, MapQuest, Yahoo, and Apple. Though Pitney Bowes is far from a household name, the $3.4 billion data broker is "a huge company at this point," says Stephens, with enough influence to inadvertently rename a neighborhood across hundreds of sites...

In the early 2000s, Urban Mapping offered new college grads $15 to $25 per hour to comb local blogs, home listings, city plans, and brochures for possible neighborhood names and locations. Maponics, meanwhile, used nascent technologies such as computer vision and natural language processing to pull neighborhoods from images and blocks of text, one former executive with the company said... I visited the Buffalo Central Library to find the source of the error... Sure enough, one of the librarians located a single planning office map that used the "Medical Park" label. It was a 1999 report on poverty and housing conditions -- long since relegated to a dusty shelf stacked with old binders and file folders... Somehow, likely in the early 2000s, this map made its way into what is now the Pitney Bowes data set -- and from there, was hoovered into Google Maps and out onto the wider internet. Buffalo published another map in 2017, with the Fruit Belt clearly marked, and broadcast on the city's open data portal. For whatever reason, Pitney Bowes and its customers never picked that map up.

This is not the first time Google Maps has seemed to spontaneously rename a neighborhood. But for Fruit Belt the reporter's query eventually prompted corrections to the maps on Redfin, TripAdvisor, Zillow, Grubhub, and Google Maps. But the article argues that when it comes to how city names are represented online, "the process is too opaque to scrutinize in public. And that ambiguity foments a sense of powerlessness."

Pitney Bowes doesn't even have a method for submitting corrections. Yet, "In an emailed statement, a spokesperson for Google defended its use of third-party neighborhood sources. 'Overall, this provides a comprehensive and up-to-date map,' the spokesperson said, 'but when we're made aware of errors, we work quickly to fix them.'"

76 comments

  1. " Maponics" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Really? Map-onics? SMH, marketing..

    1. Re: " Maponics" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oh nooose......Mandela effect!

  2. This is going to happen more and more frequently by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Two third parties sharing information about a completely unrelated person, place or thing: no one vets the information, no one reviews the information after the fact, and no one can challenge the information.

  3. It's Big Data by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Data is neither good nor bad, just unvalidated by check constraints. GIGO

    1. Re:It's Big Data by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      I was going to post essentially the same, no such thing as bad data, just misinterpreted. Wouldn't a simple google search still find the neighborhood, even though the official maps overlay had changed? I bet it would.

      And then there's the REAL point, 2 fucking instances total is a damn negligible error rate in mapping ANYTHING. So even if P-B didn't have a correction regime in place to handle it easily, BFD. It's an interesting niche issue, sure.

      Mostly by way of relatively unnoticed companies controlling things used by multiple major players without public knowledge of that sourcing.

  4. Why blame Google? by Local+ID10T · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Why the hate for Google?

    The article (and even the summary) go into detail about how it is NOT Google that is the source of the bad data...

    --
    "You want to know how to help your kids? Leave them the fuck alone." -George Carlin
    1. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Google is the "known" brand that everyone uses. Nobody pays attention to the little players where they source their actual DATA from, along with other major players. That's the point I guess. Google caught the complaints because P-B had no way to be corrected and nobody knew they were the source of the issue, reading the story....

    2. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It says "Google's Bad Data".

      "Google's Bad Data".

      "GOOGLE'S BAD DATA".

      Don't defend this shit.

    3. Re:Why blame Google? by Darinbob · · Score: 1, Interesting

      The whole thing of neighborhood names is a bit foreign to me. Only in large established cities do they really exist, everywhere else an official neighborhood name is based upon the housing development that started it, and most residents don't know it. It's more convenient to tell others that you live by such-and-such park, or in the south west of some freeway, or near the intersection of A and B. If anyone said "I live in Fruit Belt" it would just cause head scratching.

    4. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Google sourced their data where they chose to. It was "bad" (says this). Google owns it now anyway, it is Google's bad data now. Who defended anything, I just explained it to you, lol. Nobody KNEW it was P-B's data!

      Nobody knew where to complain to change it, so they complained to google. Because "google.com" is what they typed in, and google.com displayed the bad data.

      Honestly if you like Google so much as to pretend them absolved from even so much as being noticed displaying bad data, just lol. Wait until you see their REAL fails, lol.

      You're hung up on a headline as if it's a big deal. Welcome to slashdot. You must be new here.
         

    5. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your city has some problems if A and B intersect.

    6. Re:Why blame Google? by fafalone · · Score: 2

      What's more, Google was always good about corrections to their maps. I don't know if that's changed since it's been about 5 years since I lasted contacted them, but where I used to live was way outside any major city and mostly a poor and older population. So not a high priority or highly reviewed location on the maps. I found a few errors over the years; streets labeled as the wrong name outright, or named the same as the next street over. Each time I filled out the 'Report a problem', got the autoconfirm they received it, then within a week someone following up telling me that I was right and the map had been updated.
      Especially for Google, it was a smooth, responsive procedure to fix bad mapping data. Good luck ever getting something like that on their other major free products.

    7. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      True. And as an aside, consider the scummy tactics Maponics employed when they sued the guy who created the neighborhood detection algorithm that the dataset was based on:
      https://www.wired.com/2008/10/...

      Typical story, technically illiterate corporate types make out like a bandit while the little guy who actually produces something gets screwed.

    8. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Google was always good about corrections to their maps" - But that's not the point. The point is where they source their data is NOT good about corrections, and changes on an apparent whim. That's the angle here IMO.

      It's not necessarily Google's "fault" or liability but they do get noticed as the popular source of the bad data, because they subcontract out the collection to publicly unknown parties and have no methods for dealing with it.

    9. Re:Why blame Google? by Baleet · · Score: 2

      The entire summary, not just the headline, is poorly written. Is it "the Fruit Belt" or "Fruit Belt"? You can't infer from reading this, because it uses both. The whole thing is so wordy and long-winded that it is a pain to read. Jeez.

    10. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Where I live, 3rd and 4th street intersect. No problem.

    11. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm not new here.
      Misleading and/or just plain wrong headlines have gotten much more common in the last couple of years.

    12. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But-but-but - Big company EVIL! Big company CONSPIRACY for something!

    13. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      People actually use their shit products?

      Only about 2/3 of the population of the planet.

    14. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Misleading and/or just plain wrong headlines have gotten much more common" - Headlinespeak always headlinespeak, sources say. I dunno, I'm biased. I like false headlines. They create a small barrier to entry, reading.

      But maybe you're right, they are common.

    15. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Buffalo is such a city. Most residents would know where the Fruit Belt is, or Allentown, or Black Rock, or the First Ward, or Parkside.

      This mislabeling would surely be particularly galling to Fruit Belt residents. The hospitals have been expanding without providing any additional parking. The vast majority of employees commute by car from more affluent locales, and they're clogging the on-street parking that residents rely on. Calling the neighborhood “Medical Park” is adding insult to injury.

    16. Re:Why blame Google? by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 0

      Because Google accepts bad data from third parties without verifying it. They're Google, they're more powerful than most governments. They could fix the problem if they cared, but they don't care. Just like most governments.

      --
      Shutting down free speech with violence isn't fighting fascism. It IS fascism!
    17. Re: Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not only that. Are we talking about neighborhood names (ie. random made-up names) or city names (ie. official government names)? Both are mentioned.

    18. Re: Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's a very American thing, but don't for a second think you invented it.

    19. Re: Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Here in Europe, Google seems to generally not react at all to reports, though sometimes 1-2 years later the issues sometimes get fixed.
      Nowadays Openstreetmap seems to always have better data, often even when it comes to businesses (something Google used to be good at).
      For cycling or walking they're just straight out useless.
      It's rather depressing just how bad commercial map sources seem to be nowadays.

    20. Re:Why blame Google? by LBt1st · · Score: 1

      Sort of like Fidelity National Information Services, a company no one has heard of. Yet they've got their hands in everything financial and know everything about you regarding your money.

      ..and yes, they are retard faggots.

    21. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think the hate for Google comes from their refusal to update data based on alternate sources.

      My workplace is located next to a local bike path, and Google, in their infinite wisdom, decided that our private parking lot was a road.

      This meant a lot of extra traffic and people parking in our lot to bike or go for walks along the creek. For a while it wasn't a big deal, but as it got worse and we gained more employees my boss asked me to take care of it. (I help out with IT in addition to my regular job).

      The problem is, google maps works (as near as I can tell) like wikipedia, where no matter how accurate your information is, if you aren't part of the "in crowd" they will revert your changes. It didn't matter what I said or did, or the fact that I was literally looking at the "road" in question. My changes were always reverted.

      Some moron halfway across the country insisted that the parking lot I can see out my window is a road, and no information I could provide would ever be good enough because I'm pretty sure they just liked the idea that they were in charge.

      So I did the next logical thing. I made every single parking lot in the area a set of roads. Those were wholeheartedly approved, since clearly there is a network or 5mph roadways that crisscross around less than half a square mile of business park. In the end it seemed to work. I think the traffic that used to only park in our lot is now spread across four or five lots. And since we already had a big "NO PARKING" sign, I think most people just park at the lot next door.

      It's still a stupid problem, but it's no longer my stupid problem.

    22. Re:Why blame Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You and I had very different google experiences.

      Google refused to remove our private parking lot from their maps, where it was listed as a public road (and not it didn't connect to anything, it's a parking lot). They gave no explanation, and refused to fix it even when I offered proof that there was no "road" next to our already crowded lot that people were now parking in to access the local bike path.

      In the end I just made every local parking lot a "road", which seemed to help cut down our traffic.

    23. Re:Why blame Google? by Matheus · · Score: 1

      Because writers are lazy and sensationalist and the creators of /. posts even worse.

      From the summary this could have just as easily been titled any of the following:
      "HERE's Bad Data Wiped Another Neighborhood Off the Map!"
      "Bing's Bad Data Wiped Another Neighborhood Off the Map!"
      "Uber's Bad Data Wiped Another Neighborhood Off the Map!"
      "Zillow's Bad Data Wiped Another Neighborhood Off the Map!"
      "Grubhub's Bad Data Wiped Another Neighborhood Off the Map!"
      "TripAdvisor's Bad Data Wiped Another Neighborhood Off the Map!"
      "Redfin's Bad Data Wiped Another Neighborhood Off the Map!" ...when it should have been titled: "Bad Data From Shared Provider Corrupted Numerous Mapping Services!" ...but who would have read that??

    24. Re:Why blame Google? by Bitbeard · · Score: 1

      About 5 years ago, Google Maps relied heavily on a huge group of local volunteer editors to maintain their map. Now they've all been banned from direct map edits and all that work has been moved to a tiny closed group that's likely thousands of miles from you and thus who could care less.

      To my knowledge, Waze and Open Street Maps are the only maps still maintained by local volunteers. This is why Waze is so much more responsive to problems.

  5. Exciting headline by 93+Escort+Wagon · · Score: 2

    Much better than “Simple error leads to neighborhood being inadvertently mislabeled on some maps”.

    Rand and McNally must be rolling in their graves..

    --
    #DeleteChrome
    1. Re:Exciting headline by novakyu · · Score: 1

      Yeah. I thought Arms Control Act was finally repealed and Google could exercise some real power.

    2. Re:Exciting headline by sysrammer · · Score: 1

      Much better than “Simple error leads to neighborhood being inadvertently mislabeled on some maps”.

      Rand and McNally must be rolling in their graves..

      Or Rod Serling. When he loses a neighborhood, it *really* gets lost.

      --
      His ignorance covered the whole earth like a blanket, and there was hardly a hole in it anywhere. - Mark Twain
  6. The article doesn't exist by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because it's on Medium.com. Just say no.

  7. Bad Data, Surprise! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    I was dealing with bad address data for months. Google maps had lost my entire street and was showing a duplicate record for the adjacent street. Friends were being sent to an address about fifteen minutes away. I eventually reported a problem and watched for a response for months. Nothing!

    After about six months of this I ordered a pizza. I know, it took me six months to order a pizza, he of course was sent to the wrong place. I gave him the cross street on the phone so he find the house.

    I talked with him about the issue and said it was no problem for him to update the map software. It was corrected by the pizza guy and Google maps updated in about a week.

    If you are having issues with google maps then simply tip the pizza guy and have him take care of the problem.

    Address problem? Fo'getbout it!

    1. Re: Bad Data, Surprise! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Google said my neighborhood and the one next to us were connected. They were not and delivery drivers were always confused why they could not drive through. We reported it for years. It took eight before google fixed it. Their maps are worthless.

    2. Re: Bad Data, Surprise! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's too bad you never found the right pizza guy.

  8. Fruit Belt or Medical Park? by LynnwoodRooster · · Score: 0

    She should thank the heavens her neighborhood has been relabeled Medical Park. That had to add at least 30% to the value of homes - it's prime, medical space with rich doctors all around!

    --
    Browsing at +1 - no ACs, I ignore their posts. So refreshing!
    1. Re:Fruit Belt or Medical Park? by vakuona · · Score: 1

      There are two issues.

      1. Residents unhappy that their neighbourhood has been renamed on a map. This is something that needs fixing and appears to have already happened.

      2. The second is gentrification, particularly the kind that happens when something like a medical campus opens near your neighbourhood. The neighborhood becomes attractive to others, rents rise, prices rise and artisan coffee shops open up. Yes, this can cause problems for long time residents, but the alternative is no economic development near that neighbourhood. Tough call.

    2. Re:Fruit Belt or Medical Park? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The doctors don't live there. They live in the wealthy second-ring suburban school districts and commute into the city.

    3. Re:Fruit Belt or Medical Park? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe it's just me, but I prefer fruits all around. Not that doctors can't be fruits.

  9. I've noticed this in my city by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There are streets that can't be seen on street view. These are just seemingly normal streets including one I used to live on, but when you try to look at it, it just ejects you from the neighborhood. Weird.

  10. Imagine... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Imagine if instead of renaming, they simply added it as an alternative name. Then when someone searched for either, they would find it. They could even notify the user that the area is also known as...

  11. I own property on a mislabelled street by craighansen · · Score: 1

    ...and went through paperwork hell to get basic services established. Even after I had water, electric, telephone and sewer, I couldn't get cable services because their mapping service didn't believe the address existed, and the effing USPTO still can't manage to deliver mail because they insist on filling the PO box with junk mail and cancel service when I don't empty the box frequently enough.

    1. Re:I own property on a mislabelled street by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why is the United States Patent and Trademark Office delivering your mail?

  12. Re:This is going to happen more and more frequentl by Gavagai80 · · Score: 1

    Fortunately, it doesn't matter because nobody really cares either. Google shows a town called "Apex" a couple miles from me but I've yet to hear a single human being use that name for the area. Let them label whatever they like, it merely serves as an occasional amusement to locals who discover the strange names.

    --
    This space intentionally left blank
  13. Re: This is going to happen more and more frequent by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    No one around here ever used any of the neighborhood names on the Google map! It's hilarious though, some of the names, great fun to read through.

  14. Re:This is going to happen more and more frequentl by arglebargle_xiv · · Score: 1

    This is Shitney Blowes we're talking about here. If you think their map-making is bad, wait'll you experience their logistics. Hint: They're the cretins behind eBay's Global Shipping Program.

  15. Google Maps corrections by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I went to do work for a guy. He gave me his address but he warned me not to use GPS because it would take me to the wrong house. I was running late, so I used Google Maps with GPS. Just like this guy had warned me, Google Maps took me to the correct street but to an empty lot three blocks away from his house.

    After I got home, I submitted a correction to Google Maps. I thought this would be a no-brainer correction for Google since I was able to point out the correct address for his guy, with even a photo of his house number on his wall out front from Google Street View pictures of his house.

    Yet, time and time again, I kept getting rejections to this no-brainer correction. These rejections were not coming from Google, but rather from the "Google community". It appeared that Google has outsourced Google Maps corrections to the "Google community" which then in turn goes on to reject even the most obvious of corrections.

    Many years ago, before Google became so dominant, my corrections to Google Maps would nearly always get approved. Google has fallen a long way in terms of accountability, both in Google Maps corrections and in general. It's a shame because it used to be so easy to make corrections.

  16. Re: This is going to happen more and more frequent by LostMyAccount · · Score: 1

    Around here, the entire city is "officially" broken up into named neighborhoods as part of some long-term city-driven program to distribute some small portion of city funds. It got started when some affluent neighborhoods began banding together in the early 70s to get more attention from the city. So they officially named/divided the city up into neighborhoods so they would have more equal opportunities to get funds/attention from the city.

    The names they ended up using were a mishmash of school names/parks and some of the more colloquial names that had been in use and actually remain in use.

    The kind of funny thing is that there's a subset of neighborhood names that are well known and frequently used but are generally applied in ways that have nothing to do with official neighborhood geography. "Uptown" is a narrow official neighborhood, but gets used for an area that encompasses 2-3 additional official neighborhoods.

    Some of the names are older names that predate the official neighborhood designations, some are official neighborhood designations that gained traction because the areas didn't have well-known names,. In one case, an official neighborhood name was an informal name that replaced a more formal neighborhood designation.

    I think there will always be a disconnect between informal, well-known geographic names and official names. I doubt many cities were founded with a list of official neighborhood names, with the exception of some newer suburbs where planners imposed them or where formal associations exist that more strictly define them. In older cities, neighborhood names reflect the name of a village before it got incorporated or some kind of origin label -- "Joe's Corner" probably used to be owned by Joe.

    Then you have ethnic designations that refer to areas that often are no longer associated with a specific ethnic group -- Little Italy, Chinatown, etc, but have also always been subsets of larger geographic areas with names.

    I'm not sure neighborhood names mean anything at all, really, except to realtors and locals who need a convenient label when talking about some subset of the city informally.

  17. Many services are like that by Mishotaki · · Score: 1

    We acquired a phone number at work to use as a direct like to account payable, we now know that it's the old phone number for a store that's been closed for years.The companies who show information on businesses still showed that the business was still around and using our current phone number, the way to have all those services remove a phone number or say that it is now closed is archaic and sometimes they require that the company that owns the store does the modification! i've spent hours doing such request and the phone number is now only on 2 pages of google searches instead of 10...

  18. It is the war that was "unforeseeable" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    (with apologies to the film In the Loop)

    War between digital vs, Analog, and Pitney-Bowes shot first. Google isn't to blame here, regardless of the headline. Slashdot can sound like Fox News sometimes.

  19. Logical mistake by WoodstockJeff · · Score: 1

    "The Fruit Belt is a residential neighborhood in Buffalo, New York. It is located adjacent to the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

    The Medical Campus was built in 2001, as as part of a planned "Strategic Investment Areas"... Which would explain a prominent label of "medical park" on a 1999 map, two years before then actual NAME of the development was announced.

  20. Open Street Map by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Did she check Open Street Map? https://www.openstreetmap.org/

    Even if it lacked detail it can be added to.

    All that was mentioned was commercial mapping operators.

  21. Pitney Bowes by JBMcB · · Score: 1

    Though Pitney Bowes is far from a household name, the $3.4 billion data broker is "a huge company at this point," says Stephens, with enough influence to inadvertently rename a neighborhood across hundreds of sites...

    The writer's, and possibly editor's if there is one, age is showing. In the 90's and early 2000's Pitney Bowes would advertise their home postal meters *heavily* on TV. If you're over a certain age, you've certainly at least *heard* of Pitney Bowes. Even more likely if you work in any kind of office environment, where you would probably have a Pitney Bowes postage printer somewhere. My office had one up until a few years ago, when they completely outsourced mail ads.

    I don't think anyone would think of them as a big data company, but it makes perfect sense that they have a giant database of map data.

    --
    My Other Computer Is A Data General Nova III.
  22. oh my god my vagina! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    when i found out about this i spread my vagina for the world to see in wonder!!!! wow!!!!!!! google!!!!!!

    I mean... google!!! it's GOOOOGLE!! WOW!

  23. So basically the story is... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...you think you know better than the experts who tell you what to do.

  24. Re:This is going to happen more and more frequentl by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 2
    What I think is funny about the Medium article is this:

    "Founded in 1920 as a maker of postage meters -- the machines that stamp mail with proof it's been sent..."

    What nonsense.

    Postage meters are only evidence that the postage was paid for, and when.

    Unless it's being used by the post office, there is no proof that it was ever mailed.

    You can use the postage meter in your office to stamp something today... and send it next year. And since the post office is very lax about cancelling letters these days, nobody would be the wiser. In fact you could probably mail it twice.

  25. Both Names Apply by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I work about a block south of Medical Park / Fruit Belt. When I first moved here about 15 years ago I don't recall anyone referring to it as the "Medical Park" area. That's relatively new to me. Everyone called the area just East of Buffalo General the Fruit Belt, due to the street names (Peach, Grape, etc). I work in IT and several of our clients are established healthcare providers / researchers or healthcare / biotech startups in that area. Buffalo General is in there as mentioned, the University at Buffalo medical campus and Roswell Park Cancer Institute to name a few. It's really jam-packed with medical and research facilities. To me, Medical Park is West of Michigan Ave and East of Michigan Ave is still the Fruit Belt.

  26. Re:This is going to happen more and more frequentl by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    "It's harmless" sounds shortsighted.

  27. Re:Still IMPERSONATING me JEALOUS "Lil' Jowie"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Shut up homo

  28. Education by maxiposik · · Score: 0

    LOL, google failed. I think you must be wiser. It can reveal at any sphere. For example, you get the essay with the theme you don't know. The best decision is to order it on rapid essay just because it is not interesting for you and you do not likely do it well.

  29. Google Apps by Farton · · Score: 0

    I really like to use separate Google tools and in particular Google apps. In order to avoid unpleasant situations with data loss, I advise you to read more about backing up Google apps with the help of spinbackup service. This is a great way to save on data recovery and save yourself a lot of trouble.