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Vaccines Can Help Fight the Rise of Drug-Resistant Microbes (harvard.edu)
An anonymous reader quotes the Harvard School of Public Health:
Drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea, salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and many other disease-causing agents are flourishing around the world, and the consequences are disastrous -- at least 700,000 people die globally as a result of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) annually, according to a 2016 review on antimicrobial resistance commissioned by former UK Prime Minister David Cameron. It's a perilous situation, but several new studies from researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health indicate that an important tool in the fight against AMR already exists: vaccines.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences recently devoted a special feature section to examine the role vaccines can play in stemming the tide of antimicrobial resistance. In general terms, vaccinations can help lessen the burden in two ways: First, they can protect against the direct transmission of drug-resistant infections. Second, they can lessen the chances of someone getting sick, which in turn reduces the likelihood that he or she will be prescribed antibiotics or other medications. The fewer medications someone takes, the less likely it is that microbes will evolve resistance to the drugs.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences recently devoted a special feature section to examine the role vaccines can play in stemming the tide of antimicrobial resistance. In general terms, vaccinations can help lessen the burden in two ways: First, they can protect against the direct transmission of drug-resistant infections. Second, they can lessen the chances of someone getting sick, which in turn reduces the likelihood that he or she will be prescribed antibiotics or other medications. The fewer medications someone takes, the less likely it is that microbes will evolve resistance to the drugs.
Better start rebuilding our soil...
"Tempers are wearing thin. Let's just hope some robot doesn't kill everybody." --Bender
There has been what some might consider an exhaustive effort to develop numerous bacterial vaccines for cows to mitigate episodes of bovine mastitis and the only one that has been moderately successful is the J-5 E. coli vaccine. There are 4 to 5 other species of bacteria that can cause bovine mastitis and vaccines against those other species haven't been successful in the last 20 years.
Nearly all microbes adapt to antibiotics. The reason is that after enough usage 1 of them will develop a resistance to the antibiotic. Then the resistance is normally passed around to others, typically via plasmid. So, just for fun, assume that it takes on average 1T instances of being exposed prior to resistance. If you have stimulated the body to fight the AMR, then we do not have to use antibiotic except for extreme cases.
This is why at some point, we really need to REQUIRE vaccines for all. At the least, require that unvaccinated be removed from ALL schools except for home schooling, and if they catch a disease, they have to pay for everything.
I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
You are almost entirely incorrect.
I had chickenpox twice when I was a child. My first case was so mild that my immune system did not maintain antibodies for it. My second case was more severe and my immunity to chicken pox has persisted. Yes, antibodies developed by vaccines can wear off, but so can antibodies developed by normal infections. Also, shingles is just a reemergence of the same chickenpox virus that most adults contracted as children. The virus hides in the nervous system and reemerges as people get older and their immune systems get weaker and less able to fight off the virus.
Not all viruses are the same. Many viruses have DNA coding that weeds out mutations. Measles, chickenpox, polio, and smallpox are viruses that do this. This is why vaccinations for these diseases work for decades and why people can develop life-long immunity after a childhood infection. Some viruses, like Influenza and HIV, mutate rapidly and are hard to inoculate against. Incidentally, viruses tend to mutate more quickly in malnourished people. If food shortages become more widespread as the world population increases we are likely to see more frequent viral mutations.
Yes, vaccines do cause injury. The oral polio vaccines was one particular vaccine that could cause a polio infection. There is a genetic disorder that can cause children who receive vaccinations develop high fevers than can cause brain damage or death (but any infection can trigger this response). There is always a risk of infection for any injections. But if billions of dollars been paid out, or is it extremely difficult to win a case? It seems like the two statements are at odds with each other. Statistics show that 80% of cases are settled out of court with the plaintiff receiving an award. Of the remaining cases that are adjudicated, about one quarter of then result in a win for the plaintiff. http://time.com/3995062/vaccin... Now, if a person tries to go to the court saying the MMR vaccine caused their child's Autism, they will loose. Not only is there no verifiable link between Autism and vaccinations, the doctor who originally put forward this notion was prosecuted for fraud because he was developing his own competing vaccine technology and wanted to discredit existing technologies.
On a side note, Jurassic Park glossed over almost all of the science, and the book was better.