While it seems like a shifty answer, it all depends on how you calculate return on investment . . .
Without any tricky accounting, the simple ROI of the PV array is about 12 years. If you calculate the ROI based on the PV and battery backup, factoring lack of downtime, in our case it was closer to an 18 month ROI. For us, each hour of downtime translates to roughly $5,000 of lost earnings. It doesn't take too many hours of backup power to pay off. Of course we could have gone with a gas generator for a much cheaper installation cost, but the tax benefits of a PV array for a corporation can be very attractive.
As for the virtualization, that was based more on the regular 5 year replacement cycle we have on our hardware. Instead of replacing 5 old servers with 5 new servers, it was much more simple and cost effective to build out one powerful machine and virtualize the existing machines.
The cost of the ductwork and fan was about $1,500 - however our A/C unit consumed roughly $1,000 a year to cool the space, so an 18 month ROI. Of course, it's all dependent on your climate, building layout, age of equipment and ease of installation. For us, it's worked out well. We've now achieved a 75% reduction over our baseline from 3 years ago in our grid energy needs, while increasing processing power, lighting levels, and maintaining a comfortable climate controlled office.
I manage and operate one of the more efficient office spaces in the US (I was awarded a National EnergyStar award in 2008 for my work). We've implemented almost everything possible for our small server racks. We've gone from 8 machines to 3 via virtualization, and have a 10kW array and 40kw battery backup for our operation - which now results in zero down time. In doing just that, we've gone from 58 kWh used from the grid a day for our servers to zero (the PV array supports it). Also, instead of using dedicated A/C - we've re-engineered our ductwork to pull in ambient air from the office space, and redirect the hot exhaust to different locations. During the summer, it's dumped directly outside - and during the winter it's used to heat our entrances and used to cover the heating needs of the building at night.
In terms of energy use for the servers and A/C alone, we're saving about $4,000 a year - and that's just for a small server arrangement.
Washington State now has a production credit of $.15 per kWh for solar/wind (max of $5,000 annually) and if the products are made in-state, it becomes a $.56 kWh production credit. The production credit is guaranteed until 2020 and is funded by taking 1% of utilities net profits.
With installation costs, that works out to be roughly 20% annual return.
Seems like it wouldn't be difficult to tie that to the output of the Fluke Ti25 - that thermal imager already can internally blend standard visual wavelengths to IR. It would be a bit bigger than I'd want, and expensive, but the tech seems to be already out there to do something similar to what you're suggesting. I've found having a thermal imager is very, very useful to have around - I could only imagine how nice it'd be to have a agumented reality HUD with one integrated. Great idea!
Here's a review I recently wrote up about my experiences with the Fluke IR cam: http://geekpi.com/?p=504
In the case where you don't have a dedicated server center and just a server room, use the heat from the servers (about 1000 Btu an hour, per server) to heat your facility at night. That's what we do.
My good friend is a Stryker brigade C/O. He told me that they deal with and are hit by IED's on a frequent basis, and their APC's take it quite well. He's lost far more guys from snipers. When doing house-to-house searches nothing tips him off more than a quality SKS with a scope.
Because of snipers using these weapons, they have to essentially 'corral' their strykers, and shoot smoke in the air when they 'mount and dismount.' The main personal hatch is at the rear. Without these tactics, they're picked off one-by-one when exiting. He said they only made that mistake once.
I'm not downplaying the dangers of IED's but don't disregard the danger of one quality shooter, with a 60 year-old weapon.
* New Interface: A greatly simplified toolbar, but only at first glance. The quick launch and taskbar now intermingles and can be greatly customized by the user.
* New Taskbar: The taskbar now automatically hides icons as theyâ(TM)re added, into what I call an icon corral which can be selected to show the icons.
* UAC simplification slider: You can define how and when you are prompted by the UAC, even shutting it off.
* UAC definition by program: You can also exempt specific programs from UAC prompts.
* Device Stage: A number of rumors have been circulating about this one. First and foremost, device manufactures DO NOT have to program this in order for it to work it is just an option for direct interaction. Access all the functions of your devices from one screen.
* Homegroups: Its a situation that many of us face. We have a domain controlled work laptop. We come home and want to access our personal media (now managed by libraries) and printers. This solves those problems, while keeping company data safe. Default printers change automatically, depenting on what network you connect to.
* Libraries in Explorer: expanded support for Libraries across networks and a changed browsing interface within explorer.
* Math Input panel: It seems quite advanced, including input of hand/mouse written algebra and calculus.
* Calculator: Adding separate programmer and statistics modes to the previous standard and scientific calculator options.
* MS Paint: Welcome the ribbon.
* Magnifier: built in application to magnify a specific area of the screen and zoom in. This is similar to the capability enabled in XP or Vista in with Microsoft Mouse software.
* Gadgets across the desktop: Gadgets are no longer limited to the gadget toolbar.
* Simplified network connection stack: Ability to peek into the network stack and select an available network without opening any windows.
* Sticky windows (my definition): You can now drag windows to the top of the screen, which will automatically maximize the window. Also by dragging the window to the side of the screen, it will size the window to take the half of that side of the screen
* Preview Desktop: To the right of the taskbar, there is now a preview desktop button.
* Media Player Codec Expansion: Native support for AAC, H264, divx, xvid, AVCHD, flip video to the list of supported codecs.
* StreamOn: Ability to push audio and video output to networked A/V devices (think radios, receivers, and TVs).
* Display Color Calibration Wizard: A step-by-step interface to more closely calibrate proper gamma, brightness/contrast, and to eyeball proper color.
* Simplified Sideshow support: I previously installed sideshow on my windows mobile phone, when I created a Bluetooth relationship with the phone (for PAN support), it automatically discovered its capabilities and shows this in the sideshow area and device stage. Remote bluetooth control of media player, via a win mobile phone.
* New Backgrounds: Sure, absolutely not important, but an interesting re-take on the current Vista background theme.
* Faster Boots: Parallel device initialization during boot â" faster boot times. Demo showed a 5-10 second faster cold boot over Vista.
* Simple Shutdown: In later builds theyâ(TM)ve removed the confusing red, round button and replaced it with a simple, named â(TM)shut downâ(TM) button on the start menu, with the optional OS stops on a pull down menu on the right.
For IT
* Action Center: Thereâ(TM)s a good deal built into this function, but one of the most interesting features is a built in application that allows users record a walk thr
I designed, installed and maintain a 10kw solar array last year to power our businesses servers and offer a large (2900 amp hour) uninterpretable power supply during prolonged grid outages.
We recapture the waste heat during the winter to heat our facility at night. During the summer we vent that heat directly to the outside, and only use the AC as auxiliary cooling. It works excellently.
Our building's insurance didn't increase after the installation, as its included by the insurance agency as 'equipment', just the same as the heating and cooling system. It didn't change the property tax for us at all, since the facility is already worth a few million, and land values have been going down in the area.
Annual maintenance costs for us have just been an hour or two of squeegeeing every 6 months. Other than that, it just hums along next to silently every day. The furnaces at the building require more maintenance.
1. At that latitude, the angle you mount your panels for operation would be steep enough for most snow to slide off. Also the dark color of the panels means that the snow will melt off there first. Although the snow may eventually build up at the base and block the rest from sliding off.
2. Amount of Sun. It's all about the solar insolation measurement. The feds have been logging this data for 30+ years and averaged the amount of annual sunlight in several areas in each state.
The above link is a good chart for this. The average for cities in New York is about 3.5, which equates to right around 3.5 kWh daily output for each installed 1,000 watts of generation capacity. That isn't the best, but it still is plenty. Germany has the largest number of installed PV arrays, and they are just as, is not more cloudy than New York.
I operate a 10 kw solar PV array in perpetually cloudly Seattle. We're going to see a payback of right around 10 years. Solar works just fine for us, although we do expect greatly reduced output in the winter months. The longer days during the summer, due to the high latitude, helps make up for some of that though.
The EPA awarded my company with one of their top awards this year for improvements to our facility, and energy efficiency. Overall we cut energy consumption 50%, but also used our energy more smartly, including a dedicated ducting system from our server room to the building entrances. We calculate that our servers put out between 8,000 & 12,000 Btu an hour. Most of our overnight heat now comes from the servers (which have to be on 24/7 for off site access), and we've reduced our server air conditioning loads by 80% annually. We're now beginning to implement this change into bank designs.
In almost every application, it's ideal to shut off computers when not in use, but there are some business based situations where it makes sense to better harness waste heat from electronics, instead of fighting it with energy intensive air conditioners.
Atom powered laptops with LED screens draw less than 12 watts while under load. More efficient devices are closing the delta between consumption and generation for small electronic devices
That is the max draw. The operating draw for most devices that size is about 1/3rd the rating of the power supply. The same ratio is quite close for full sized PC power supplies. A 1000 watt power supply draws ~300. Maybe 350 while under load.
Your laptop likely draws 20watts while idle and 25 while operating at full load.
Nearly all home-sized solar panels (made by BP, Sharp, Sanyo, Sunpower, etc) come from very large, established companies. These panels all have *at-least* 25 year warranties that guarantee the panels will still generate 80% of their peak capacity at this time. A good number carry 30-year production warranties, and have for several decades.
I'd like to know where you got this information that the panels only last 10 years.
Those are just a start. I designed and manage a PV array that provides 25% of my company's energy consumption and offer's an 8 year financial payback - in rainy Seattle. Many solar manufacturers place their panels on the roofs of their factories to offset a portion of their electrical consumption.
No really. On certain times of the year (ie. not summer), I reduce/eliminate the cooling of the server room AC and redirect the server waste heat to warm the rest of the office. Ambient air from the office space is ducted/filtered in near the floor, and a 300 CFM fan takes in the heat at the ceiling above the server tower. I estimate I capture between 9,000 & 12,000 BTU of heat an hour because of this; greatly reducing the HVAC needs of the building during the night.
This was a large part as to why the EPA gave my company one of their Annual ENERGYSTAR Energy Conservation Awards.
It never made sense to me to run an AC unit when it's snowing outside.
Dell Precision T7400 w/ 1kw power supply - 8 core xeon 3.2 1600 FSB, RAID 1 15k SCSI drives, 8 gigs of ram, 1.5 gig quadro 5600 with dual 24" monitors. Without rendering anything, it currently consumes 320 watts and under load consumes 420 watts.
Not exactly a consumer based system, but we do 3D CAD architectural design, and time is money. The whole office of these machines, when running under load, very quickly raises the temperature a couple degrees each hour. We lovingly call them our 'knee warmers' because the undersides of our desks get quite hot.
Your numbers are a bit low. Most of the workstations at our office consume 250-300 watts at idle, and usually people leave them on during the lunch hour.
300 watts, for 9 hours = 2.7kWh per system per day
At 200 days of use, that's 540 kWh, which using your billing rate equals out to $97.2 per PC. Not massive, but more than double your numbers.
Nuclear power only looks cheap if you don't factor in the cost of waste storage and 'disposal.' The US currently produces 1600 metric tons of waste fuel annually. I've heard that reprocessing is the way to go, and that France does it, but even to get to that point, we'd have to rebuild/extremely retrofit hundreds of current nuclear plants, and build very advanced reprocessing plants. Given that current tech plants costs around 5-12 billion dollars each, what is the cost of reprocessing plants?
Or you could start putting solar panels (free fuel) on rooftops of current buildings (and take a look at google maps to see how many warehouses have bare rooftops in your city), improve efficiency of heating and cooling systems, increase insulation, and then work on expansions of wind generation (free fuel), improvements in current hydro electric dams (free fuel) for base loads, and use natural gas as peak backups.
Shutting down coal and nuclear would be one of the best financial decisions our nation could ever make.
Slashdot Mirror
While it seems like a shifty answer, it all depends on how you calculate return on investment . . .
Without any tricky accounting, the simple ROI of the PV array is about 12 years. If you calculate the ROI based on the PV and battery backup, factoring lack of downtime, in our case it was closer to an 18 month ROI. For us, each hour of downtime translates to roughly $5,000 of lost earnings. It doesn't take too many hours of backup power to pay off. Of course we could have gone with a gas generator for a much cheaper installation cost, but the tax benefits of a PV array for a corporation can be very attractive.
As for the virtualization, that was based more on the regular 5 year replacement cycle we have on our hardware. Instead of replacing 5 old servers with 5 new servers, it was much more simple and cost effective to build out one powerful machine and virtualize the existing machines.
The cost of the ductwork and fan was about $1,500 - however our A/C unit consumed roughly $1,000 a year to cool the space, so an 18 month ROI. Of course, it's all dependent on your climate, building layout, age of equipment and ease of installation. For us, it's worked out well. We've now achieved a 75% reduction over our baseline from 3 years ago in our grid energy needs, while increasing processing power, lighting levels, and maintaining a comfortable climate controlled office.
http://jbdg.com/results.html
I manage and operate one of the more efficient office spaces in the US (I was awarded a National EnergyStar award in 2008 for my work). We've implemented almost everything possible for our small server racks. We've gone from 8 machines to 3 via virtualization, and have a 10kW array and 40kw battery backup for our operation - which now results in zero down time. In doing just that, we've gone from 58 kWh used from the grid a day for our servers to zero (the PV array supports it). Also, instead of using dedicated A/C - we've re-engineered our ductwork to pull in ambient air from the office space, and redirect the hot exhaust to different locations. During the summer, it's dumped directly outside - and during the winter it's used to heat our entrances and used to cover the heating needs of the building at night.
In terms of energy use for the servers and A/C alone, we're saving about $4,000 a year - and that's just for a small server arrangement.
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=labeled_buildings.showProfile&profile_id=1008052
Washington State now has a production credit of $.15 per kWh for solar/wind (max of $5,000 annually) and if the products are made in-state, it becomes a $.56 kWh production credit. The production credit is guaranteed until 2020 and is funded by taking 1% of utilities net profits.
With installation costs, that works out to be roughly 20% annual return.
Seems like it wouldn't be difficult to tie that to the output of the Fluke Ti25 - that thermal imager already can internally blend standard visual wavelengths to IR. It would be a bit bigger than I'd want, and expensive, but the tech seems to be already out there to do something similar to what you're suggesting. I've found having a thermal imager is very, very useful to have around - I could only imagine how nice it'd be to have a agumented reality HUD with one integrated. Great idea!
Here's a review I recently wrote up about my experiences with the Fluke IR cam: http://geekpi.com/?p=504
In the case where you don't have a dedicated server center and just a server room, use the heat from the servers (about 1000 Btu an hour, per server) to heat your facility at night. That's what we do.
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=sb_success.sb_successstories2008_johnsonbraund
My good friend is a Stryker brigade C/O. He told me that they deal with and are hit by IED's on a frequent basis, and their APC's take it quite well. He's lost far more guys from snipers. When doing house-to-house searches nothing tips him off more than a quality SKS with a scope.
Because of snipers using these weapons, they have to essentially 'corral' their strykers, and shoot smoke in the air when they 'mount and dismount.' The main personal hatch is at the rear. Without these tactics, they're picked off one-by-one when exiting. He said they only made that mistake once.
I'm not downplaying the dangers of IED's but don't disregard the danger of one quality shooter, with a 60 year-old weapon.
Zeus - Domain
Hercules - backup domain
Rhea - print controller
Hades - exchange server
Hera - accounting SQL server
Iris - license server
Echo - archive server
Nike - File server
Here's a list I came up with detailing some of the more visible differences in Windows 7. It entails quite a bit more than just a Service Pack:
http://geekpi.com/?p=25
For users
* New Interface: A greatly simplified toolbar, but only at first glance. The quick launch and taskbar now intermingles and can be greatly customized by the user.
* New Taskbar: The taskbar now automatically hides icons as theyâ(TM)re added, into what I call an icon corral which can be selected to show the icons.
* UAC simplification slider: You can define how and when you are prompted by the UAC, even shutting it off.
* UAC definition by program: You can also exempt specific programs from UAC prompts.
* Device Stage: A number of rumors have been circulating about this one. First and foremost, device manufactures DO NOT have to program this in order for it to work it is just an option for direct interaction. Access all the functions of your devices from one screen.
* Homegroups: Its a situation that many of us face. We have a domain controlled work laptop. We come home and want to access our personal media (now managed by libraries) and printers. This solves those problems, while keeping company data safe. Default printers change automatically, depenting on what network you connect to.
* Libraries in Explorer: expanded support for Libraries across networks and a changed browsing interface within explorer.
* Math Input panel: It seems quite advanced, including input of hand/mouse written algebra and calculus.
* Calculator: Adding separate programmer and statistics modes to the previous standard and scientific calculator options.
* MS Paint: Welcome the ribbon.
* Magnifier: built in application to magnify a specific area of the screen and zoom in. This is similar to the capability enabled in XP or Vista in with Microsoft Mouse software.
* Gadgets across the desktop: Gadgets are no longer limited to the gadget toolbar.
* Simplified network connection stack: Ability to peek into the network stack and select an available network without opening any windows.
* Sticky windows (my definition): You can now drag windows to the top of the screen, which will automatically maximize the window. Also by dragging the window to the side of the screen, it will size the window to take the half of that side of the screen
* Preview Desktop: To the right of the taskbar, there is now a preview desktop button.
* Media Player Codec Expansion: Native support for AAC, H264, divx, xvid, AVCHD, flip video to the list of supported codecs.
* StreamOn: Ability to push audio and video output to networked A/V devices (think radios, receivers, and TVs).
* Display Color Calibration Wizard: A step-by-step interface to more closely calibrate proper gamma, brightness/contrast, and to eyeball proper color.
* Simplified Sideshow support: I previously installed sideshow on my windows mobile phone, when I created a Bluetooth relationship with the phone (for PAN support), it automatically discovered its capabilities and shows this in the sideshow area and device stage. Remote bluetooth control of media player, via a win mobile phone.
* New Backgrounds: Sure, absolutely not important, but an interesting re-take on the current Vista background theme.
* Faster Boots: Parallel device initialization during boot â" faster boot times. Demo showed a 5-10 second faster cold boot over Vista.
* Simple Shutdown: In later builds theyâ(TM)ve removed the confusing red, round button and replaced it with a simple, named â(TM)shut downâ(TM) button on the start menu, with the optional OS stops on a pull down menu on the right.
For IT
* Action Center: Thereâ(TM)s a good deal built into this function, but one of the most interesting features is a built in application that allows users record a walk thr
Doh! That's what I get for using Firefox's built in spell checker to cover for my misspellings. Good catch.
http://geekpi.com/?p=142
I designed, installed and maintain a 10kw solar array last year to power our businesses servers and offer a large (2900 amp hour) uninterpretable power supply during prolonged grid outages.
We recapture the waste heat during the winter to heat our facility at night. During the summer we vent that heat directly to the outside, and only use the AC as auxiliary cooling. It works excellently.
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=sb_success.sb_successstories2008_johnsonbraund
This thread inspired me to write a little more in depth of my experience with solar power over the past year.
http://geekpi.com/?p=142
Our building's insurance didn't increase after the installation, as its included by the insurance agency as 'equipment', just the same as the heating and cooling system. It didn't change the property tax for us at all, since the facility is already worth a few million, and land values have been going down in the area.
Annual maintenance costs for us have just been an hour or two of squeegeeing every 6 months. Other than that, it just hums along next to silently every day. The furnaces at the building require more maintenance.
1. At that latitude, the angle you mount your panels for operation would be steep enough for most snow to slide off. Also the dark color of the panels means that the snow will melt off there first. Although the snow may eventually build up at the base and block the rest from sliding off.
2. Amount of Sun. It's all about the solar insolation measurement. The feds have been logging this data for 30+ years and averaged the amount of annual sunlight in several areas in each state.
http://www.solar4power.com/solar-power-insolation-window.html
The above link is a good chart for this. The average for cities in New York is about 3.5, which equates to right around 3.5 kWh daily output for each installed 1,000 watts of generation capacity. That isn't the best, but it still is plenty. Germany has the largest number of installed PV arrays, and they are just as, is not more cloudy than New York.
I operate a 10 kw solar PV array in perpetually cloudly Seattle. We're going to see a payback of right around 10 years. Solar works just fine for us, although we do expect greatly reduced output in the winter months. The longer days during the summer, due to the high latitude, helps make up for some of that though.
http://www.jbdg.com/solar.html My array.
The EPA awarded my company with one of their top awards this year for improvements to our facility, and energy efficiency. Overall we cut energy consumption 50%, but also used our energy more smartly, including a dedicated ducting system from our server room to the building entrances. We calculate that our servers put out between 8,000 & 12,000 Btu an hour. Most of our overnight heat now comes from the servers (which have to be on 24/7 for off site access), and we've reduced our server air conditioning loads by 80% annually. We're now beginning to implement this change into bank designs.
In almost every application, it's ideal to shut off computers when not in use, but there are some business based situations where it makes sense to better harness waste heat from electronics, instead of fighting it with energy intensive air conditioners.
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=sb_success.sb_successstories2008_johnsonbraund
The tablet has a 1.3 PIII & 512 of ram.
http://geekpi.com/?p=38#more-38
Atom powered laptops with LED screens draw less than 12 watts while under load. More efficient devices are closing the delta between consumption and generation for small electronic devices
That is the max draw. The operating draw for most devices that size is about 1/3rd the rating of the power supply. The same ratio is quite close for full sized PC power supplies. A 1000 watt power supply draws ~300. Maybe 350 while under load.
Your laptop likely draws 20watts while idle and 25 while operating at full load.
My 20-year old solar powered battery charger and fan would like to have a word with you. It still works perfectly.
Nearly all home-sized solar panels (made by BP, Sharp, Sanyo, Sunpower, etc) come from very large, established companies. These panels all have *at-least* 25 year warranties that guarantee the panels will still generate 80% of their peak capacity at this time. A good number carry 30-year production warranties, and have for several decades.
I'd like to know where you got this information that the panels only last 10 years.
So please inform me of one electrical energy source that isn't subsidized in the US?
Sharp Solar in Japan, for a total of 28,000kW of solar panels on the factory's roof.
http://www.engadget.com/2008/06/24/sharp-solar-panels-to-be-used-in-two-japanese-mega-plants/
Sanyo PV Manufacturing plant in Oregon.
http://solar1.org/2008/09/30/sanyo-announces-new-pv-manufacturing-plant-in-us/
GM powers 50% of some of their auto facilities with solar.
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/07/gm-to-host-worlds-largest-rooftop-solar-array.php
Those are just a start. I designed and manage a PV array that provides 25% of my company's energy consumption and offer's an 8 year financial payback - in rainy Seattle. Many solar manufacturers place their panels on the roofs of their factories to offset a portion of their electrical consumption.
No really. On certain times of the year (ie. not summer), I reduce/eliminate the cooling of the server room AC and redirect the server waste heat to warm the rest of the office. Ambient air from the office space is ducted/filtered in near the floor, and a 300 CFM fan takes in the heat at the ceiling above the server tower. I estimate I capture between 9,000 & 12,000 BTU of heat an hour because of this; greatly reducing the HVAC needs of the building during the night.
This was a large part as to why the EPA gave my company one of their Annual ENERGYSTAR Energy Conservation Awards.
It never made sense to me to run an AC unit when it's snowing outside.
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=sb_success.sb_successstories2008_johnsonbraund
Dell Precision T7400 w/ 1kw power supply - 8 core xeon 3.2 1600 FSB, RAID 1 15k SCSI drives, 8 gigs of ram, 1.5 gig quadro 5600 with dual 24" monitors. Without rendering anything, it currently consumes 320 watts and under load consumes 420 watts.
Not exactly a consumer based system, but we do 3D CAD architectural design, and time is money. The whole office of these machines, when running under load, very quickly raises the temperature a couple degrees each hour. We lovingly call them our 'knee warmers' because the undersides of our desks get quite hot.
Your numbers are a bit low. Most of the workstations at our office consume 250-300 watts at idle, and usually people leave them on during the lunch hour.
300 watts, for 9 hours = 2.7kWh per system per day
At 200 days of use, that's 540 kWh, which using your billing rate equals out to $97.2 per PC. Not massive, but more than double your numbers.
Nuclear power only looks cheap if you don't factor in the cost of waste storage and 'disposal.' The US currently produces 1600 metric tons of waste fuel annually. I've heard that reprocessing is the way to go, and that France does it, but even to get to that point, we'd have to rebuild/extremely retrofit hundreds of current nuclear plants, and build very advanced reprocessing plants. Given that current tech plants costs around 5-12 billion dollars each, what is the cost of reprocessing plants?
Or you could start putting solar panels (free fuel) on rooftops of current buildings (and take a look at google maps to see how many warehouses have bare rooftops in your city), improve efficiency of heating and cooling systems, increase insulation, and then work on expansions of wind generation (free fuel), improvements in current hydro electric dams (free fuel) for base loads, and use natural gas as peak backups.
Shutting down coal and nuclear would be one of the best financial decisions our nation could ever make.