-O3 trades space for speed. It results in larger image files, some of which can be too large to fit into available memory. The memory swapping can very quickly negate any gains of the minor optimizations.
You probably should use -march (not -mcpu) to optimize for a specific CPU (that'll enable things like mmx, 3dnow, etc), and you'll probably get an overall speed increase by building with -O2 or -Os, because your images will be smaller and therefore more of tehm will fit into physical memory (and the various levels of cache).
Yes, that's what I do on my athlon-xp (and other) systems. It's subjectively faster (defined as GUI responsiveness combined with program load speed) than SuSE on the same hardware with similar software.
If you installed LFS, you didn't "roll your own" any more than installing Gentoo is "rolling your own". You read the directions and follow them. Just like Gentoo, except that Gentoo has a cleaner system for doing all of the monotonous stuff.
I've rolled my own systems, well before LFS existed. It involved going to obscure FTP sites to find the tarballs for the core utilities, building them (and busybox, of course) on another system, copying the files to a loopback device, and using dd to write the kernel and filesystem image to a disk. Then do it about 100 more times, because something's not quite right.:) All without a handy little unified how-to guide that you follow step-by-step. That's rolling your own. Following someone else's directions is not. That's why an LFS install is LFS, not "my own custom distro".
Or maybe I'm just bitter that no one had written the docs when I needed to do it, and therefore I think it should still be really hard to count. You decide.:)
What? When you update debian, you sync the package list and run a command to update the packages on your system. When you update Gentoo, you sync the package list and run a command to update the packages. Except, remember that weird PHP setup you use, where it's linked against the beta mysql that you installed a while back? When you update with Gentoo, the new PHP is automatically built against that same mysql on your box. With your Debian binaries, your update just broke PHP, and you've gotta try to remember what you did before when you rebuild it again.
No, it's not an entirely accurate example with respect to the specific programs involved, but the point is totally valid. A general-use distro with binary packages simply can't do what a locally-built source-based distro can, with regards to package functionality and interoperability.
Never mind that there's no bullshit about which release you're running with Gentoo. You're either running stable, unstable, or a mix selected on a package-by-package basis (somewhat like Debian, except without the distro versions). New packages *will* work on your system, regardless of what snapshot you installed from. With Debian or any binary-based system, updates are only released for specific, recent versions. Gentoo's build-from-source scheme allows one release to update all Gentoo installs, even if the user has replaced GD with an older version and built a threaded perl interpreter linked against the newest sleepycat DB.
People get all hung up on "what, I have to compile everything" - when compiling is just a side effect of updating with some nice, easy-to-use update commands. Then they get all hung up on the comments from the idiots who say that Gentoo teaches them lots about Linux. No it doesn't - not any more than Slackware, Debian, or any other "hard to use"/"minimal install by default" distro would. The real benefit of Gentoo is the incremental upgrades, wide package support, and apt-like package selction abilities.
If you have to build *anything* from source on your machine, and this is not only directed at the OP, it'd be worth the time to learn how Gentoo really works. The ebuild system could seriously save you some time. There's more to Gentoo than the ricer "I'm so leet" kiddies tend to realize (catalyst, anyone?). Unfortuantely, those 31337 kids are also the loudest proponents, and so they're the ones everyone hears.
I merely stated that a 1dB change is the minimum perceivable change in volume, and that the ear's sensitivity corresponds to the decibel scale's logarithmic nature. You use a logarithmic scale (like the dB scale) to get a linear representation of something that grows exponentially. Therefore, what I said, and what you appear to agree with, is that V(I) = k*I^n. Letting n = "log base 10 of the desired volume increase" to allow a 10-fold increase in power resulting in a doubling of volume is fine. We agree on that, but maybe are not agreeing on terminology.
So, given that power must grow exponentially in order to result in a linear growth of volume, the ear's *sensitivity* must be decreasing at the same rate that power requirments increase. If the ear's sensitivity to signal strength was linear, then the dB scale would be linear. But it's not. The ear's sensitivity decreases as signal strength increases. The ear's sensitivity graph would exhibit logarithmic growth. Ergo, the ear's sensitivity relative to signal strength, and therefore the perceived volume of a signal, is logarithmic. Which is what I've been saying.
This is why we have a dB scale, rather than just quoting the absolute power (amplitude times frequency) of a wave. Because the ear doesn't respond linearly, we need a scale that provides linear growth. The dB scale does just that - provides growth of about 1dB for every preceptible increase in volume. A side effect of the dB scale's log base 10 nature (which, remember, is based on the ear's logarithmic sensitivity) is that, every 10dB increase requires in a 10x increase in power, but results in a mere 2x increase in perceived volume.
So, for every page with a 302 redirect, send a second response with a random user agent (a la curent spam's bayesian filter crashing) and see if the resulting page is similar. Or only apply the "is this page identical to another page, if so, only remember one URL" test when the domain of the pages match.
Our sense of hearing is roughly logarithmic. The decibel scale reflects that. 1dB is roughly the minimum change in volume of a fixed-frequency source discerenable by a trained, healthy ear, while 3Db is commonly accepted as the general change that's barely perceptible. Don't confuse absolute changes in intensity with changes in dB.
I understand that a flat is just an apartment on one floor of a building, and that those certainly exist over here. My post was noting that those things are usually called either "apartments" or "duplexes" in the USA, not "flats".
Pretend that I said "we don't have lifts in multi-floor buildings and our cars don't have boots or bonnets", and see if that helps you comprehend.
Yeah, 44.1KHz is certainly not enough to accurately reproduce the ~18KHz audible range of a human. What? Nyquist says that 44.1KHz is enough to accurately sample 22.05KHz, which is more than a human can hear?
Yes, I know that some people can hear time delay differences down to around 5 milliseconds (most people are in the 15ms range), which is less than the sampling period in 44.1KHz (23ms) or 48KHz (21ms) samples. That "nearly" 2ms gain is less than amazing, and still inadequate using the stereo imaging criteria.
Besides, who said anything about CDs? The DVD Audio format specification allows for up to 96KHz for 6 channels, or up to 192KHz for 2 channels. 192KHz is a 5ms sample, which should theoretically appease even those with exceptional hearing. I've heard that DVD is a format that's even catching on with the public, and that we might be able to buy DVDs someday.;)
Tell me again that DAT's not obsolete. They were undeniably cool in their day, and are still cool for nostalgia's sake, but I can get a new DVD burner for under $50 now, and I can get a car, home, or portable DVD player most anywhere. DAT players aren't commonly available, and trade convenience and durability for a very modest gain in sound quality. A DAT deck would be great next to a MD player and Betamax deck - a whole accumulation of good ideas that have long since been surpassed.
audiophile, n: someone who thinks that they can hear better than phsically possible, and unconditionally relates increasing cost with increasing quality.
I didn't look at the site, but if he's listening to records, he's no audiophile (unless it's on a really expensive record player, playing records hand-pressed into rare alpine vinyl by swiss monks).;)
No, it doesn't make sense from any point of view, if you think about it. It makes sense if you *don't* think about it, though... Now, maybe if these peaks had been reached a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away, *that* would make sense.;)
When's the last time *your* laptop got up to 450 degrees F and beyond (and that's just to burn paper - wood generally takes a bit more, with mahogany being up in the 800 degree range to self-ignite, IIRC)? Heck, your *hand* is nearly 100 degrees F, and your laptop's not much more than another 20-30 degrees hotter in general. Do you worry about whether or not the wooden chairs you sit on are treated, lest they ignite from the 97 degree ass sitting in them?:)
Bringing back old shit that's not in any way better than what's current - except that it has more dust and fond memories - does not a renaissance man make. That descriptor is reserved for someone with a broad knowledge, largely because at the time, there was little knowledge and it was therefore possible to nearly know it all. This guy appearently just likes outdated electronics (mostly electronic sound stuff). Call him old-school, antique, a "collector", or a luddite, but not a renaissance man.
The ear uses a logarithmic scale - the fellow who refers to cats posting on/. is just confused, probably due to having not quite all of the information needed...
If you can get to one area of the system from another via software, then it's exploitable. Period. It's possible to break chroot jails, elevate permissions, etc, etc. It all comes down to the user running untrusted code, which is only a problem when the user doesn't even know what untrusted code *is*. I use a read-only VMWare instance on some desktops for essentially this reason, but the user's profile is still editable through software, and is therefore vulnurable.
I just picked up an Enermax CS-718 case. The whole front is a giant vent, and there's a giant knowb on the front that'll adjust the speed of 4 fans (2 of those are the front and rear 120MM fans). There's a knob on teh power supply to adjust the speed, too, and the supply will magically bump the speed up if it gets too hot. The thing's pretty quiet, and the nifty wind tunnel thing (remember the two 120mm fans? The blow through a tunnel over the processors) keeps the system plenty cool.
Also, it's about the nicest case design I've ever used - the drives all install with really nice rails, the edges are all round, and the case looks pretty neat. I recommend it (though, it costs $200 from newegg, and more elsewhere). I coudl do without the LED fans, and should probably replace the fans with some Vantec Stealths like I generally do, but it's just fine as-is for now.
I don't want the gov't to stop spending, I want to have a say in how they spend. My elected representatives have never met me, and likely haven't read any of my crazy rants, err, letters. My reps don't ever ask me what I think about policies. That is the problem. The politicians are a separate group of people from "normal" citizens.
Hell, less than half of the people they represent even voted, and half of those who did vote are so busy being pissed off that "their" candidate didn't win that they focus their energy on hurting the winner's image. So, even in the best cases, the "representatives" only have about 25% of the people behind them, and only represent the 50% or so who elected to participate in the voting process. Of course most people don't like what's going on - 75% of them didn't vote for the people who are making the decisions.
Yet, we keep on pushing "Democracy" on the rest of the world, like it's the best possible thing (despite our "democratic republic" not actually being a democracy).
Can't do that. The dumb kids would feel bad, and the bad kids would feel bad. As large chunks of the population are not only dumb but also loud, politicians tend to be dumb and think that they primarily represent dumb people. It's all about politics.
Anyway, it's much easier for teachers to level the classes out by neglecting the abilities of smart kids. Smart kids can do dumb kid work, but dumb kids can't do smart kid work.
The US is fucked. I've written letters to my representatives on various topics (including enforcement of turn signals - why do I get a speeding ticket for speeding on an empty rural highway, but people manage to regularly get away with cutting me off / causing dangerous situations by not signalling?) and nothign has changed. I've voted, and nothing has changed. I've called my local high school, offering my time *for free* in order to teach some willing students basic computer science after hours, and been turned away.
Unfortunately, I don't know of a better country, and I like where I live. Mostly.:)
If it works for you then, by all means, use it. OS X is nice if your needs are limited to what it provides. I've got sysadmin mentality, though, and if I want to change something, by gosh, I want it to change now!:)
My Number9 card got moved into a server machine when I got a fancy new Diamond FireGL 1000. Hooray for kick-butt 3D performance, boo for Dimaond not writing drivers for any platform (even Windows) that actually utilized the thing.:(
cloud233:~ # cat/proc/pci | grep VGA
VGA compatible controller: Number Nine Imagine 128v2 (rev 2). cloud233:~ # uptime
11:25am up 34 days, 16:22, 1 user, load average: 0.12, 0.03, 0.01
Anyway, you can't fit 1600x1200 @ 32 bits into 4MB - you're limited to 16-bit color. Gotta have 8MB for 24- or 32-bit. Well, actually just a shade over 7MB, but 7's no power of 2...
Yeah, I rebooted it a month ago to install a new kernel - it's been running for about 7 years, though (I need to update glibc sometime - it's getting tough to compile lots of the new programs)...
Slashdot Mirror
-O3 trades space for speed. It results in larger image files, some of which can be too large to fit into available memory. The memory swapping can very quickly negate any gains of the minor optimizations.
You probably should use -march (not -mcpu) to optimize for a specific CPU (that'll enable things like mmx, 3dnow, etc), and you'll probably get an overall speed increase by building with -O2 or -Os, because your images will be smaller and therefore more of tehm will fit into physical memory (and the various levels of cache).
Yes, that's what I do on my athlon-xp (and other) systems. It's subjectively faster (defined as GUI responsiveness combined with program load speed) than SuSE on the same hardware with similar software.
If you installed LFS, you didn't "roll your own" any more than installing Gentoo is "rolling your own". You read the directions and follow them. Just like Gentoo, except that Gentoo has a cleaner system for doing all of the monotonous stuff.
:) All without a handy little unified how-to guide that you follow step-by-step. That's rolling your own. Following someone else's directions is not. That's why an LFS install is LFS, not "my own custom distro".
:)
I've rolled my own systems, well before LFS existed. It involved going to obscure FTP sites to find the tarballs for the core utilities, building them (and busybox, of course) on another system, copying the files to a loopback device, and using dd to write the kernel and filesystem image to a disk. Then do it about 100 more times, because something's not quite right.
Or maybe I'm just bitter that no one had written the docs when I needed to do it, and therefore I think it should still be really hard to count. You decide.
What? When you update debian, you sync the package list and run a command to update the packages on your system. When you update Gentoo, you sync the package list and run a command to update the packages. Except, remember that weird PHP setup you use, where it's linked against the beta mysql that you installed a while back? When you update with Gentoo, the new PHP is automatically built against that same mysql on your box. With your Debian binaries, your update just broke PHP, and you've gotta try to remember what you did before when you rebuild it again.
No, it's not an entirely accurate example with respect to the specific programs involved, but the point is totally valid. A general-use distro with binary packages simply can't do what a locally-built source-based distro can, with regards to package functionality and interoperability.
Never mind that there's no bullshit about which release you're running with Gentoo. You're either running stable, unstable, or a mix selected on a package-by-package basis (somewhat like Debian, except without the distro versions). New packages *will* work on your system, regardless of what snapshot you installed from. With Debian or any binary-based system, updates are only released for specific, recent versions. Gentoo's build-from-source scheme allows one release to update all Gentoo installs, even if the user has replaced GD with an older version and built a threaded perl interpreter linked against the newest sleepycat DB.
People get all hung up on "what, I have to compile everything" - when compiling is just a side effect of updating with some nice, easy-to-use update commands. Then they get all hung up on the comments from the idiots who say that Gentoo teaches them lots about Linux. No it doesn't - not any more than Slackware, Debian, or any other "hard to use"/"minimal install by default" distro would. The real benefit of Gentoo is the incremental upgrades, wide package support, and apt-like package selction abilities.
If you have to build *anything* from source on your machine, and this is not only directed at the OP, it'd be worth the time to learn how Gentoo really works. The ebuild system could seriously save you some time. There's more to Gentoo than the ricer "I'm so leet" kiddies tend to realize (catalyst, anyone?). Unfortuantely, those 31337 kids are also the loudest proponents, and so they're the ones everyone hears.
"emerge system" or "emerge sync;emerge -u world".
Man, I don't know how it could get any more complicated than that.
I merely stated that a 1dB change is the minimum perceivable change in volume, and that the ear's sensitivity corresponds to the decibel scale's logarithmic nature. You use a logarithmic scale (like the dB scale) to get a linear representation of something that grows exponentially. Therefore, what I said, and what you appear to agree with, is that V(I) = k*I^n. Letting n = "log base 10 of the desired volume increase" to allow a 10-fold increase in power resulting in a doubling of volume is fine. We agree on that, but maybe are not agreeing on terminology.
So, given that power must grow exponentially in order to result in a linear growth of volume, the ear's *sensitivity* must be decreasing at the same rate that power requirments increase. If the ear's sensitivity to signal strength was linear, then the dB scale would be linear. But it's not. The ear's sensitivity decreases as signal strength increases. The ear's sensitivity graph would exhibit logarithmic growth. Ergo, the ear's sensitivity relative to signal strength, and therefore the perceived volume of a signal, is logarithmic. Which is what I've been saying.
This is why we have a dB scale, rather than just quoting the absolute power (amplitude times frequency) of a wave. Because the ear doesn't respond linearly, we need a scale that provides linear growth. The dB scale does just that - provides growth of about 1dB for every preceptible increase in volume. A side effect of the dB scale's log base 10 nature (which, remember, is based on the ear's logarithmic sensitivity) is that, every 10dB increase requires in a 10x increase in power, but results in a mere 2x increase in perceived volume.
I meant "send a second request" rather than "response". Doh.
So, for every page with a 302 redirect, send a second response with a random user agent (a la curent spam's bayesian filter crashing) and see if the resulting page is similar. Or only apply the "is this page identical to another page, if so, only remember one URL" test when the domain of the pages match.
:)
You're welcome. I accept paypal.
Our sense of hearing is roughly logarithmic. The decibel scale reflects that. 1dB is roughly the minimum change in volume of a fixed-frequency source discerenable by a trained, healthy ear, while 3Db is commonly accepted as the general change that's barely perceptible. Don't confuse absolute changes in intensity with changes in dB.
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=142410&cid=120 12641
I understand that a flat is just an apartment on one floor of a building, and that those certainly exist over here. My post was noting that those things are usually called either "apartments" or "duplexes" in the USA, not "flats".
Pretend that I said "we don't have lifts in multi-floor buildings and our cars don't have boots or bonnets", and see if that helps you comprehend.
Yeah, 44.1KHz is certainly not enough to accurately reproduce the ~18KHz audible range of a human. What? Nyquist says that 44.1KHz is enough to accurately sample 22.05KHz, which is more than a human can hear?
;)
Yes, I know that some people can hear time delay differences down to around 5 milliseconds (most people are in the 15ms range), which is less than the sampling period in 44.1KHz (23ms) or 48KHz (21ms) samples. That "nearly" 2ms gain is less than amazing, and still inadequate using the stereo imaging criteria.
Besides, who said anything about CDs? The DVD Audio format specification allows for up to 96KHz for 6 channels, or up to 192KHz for 2 channels. 192KHz is a 5ms sample, which should theoretically appease even those with exceptional hearing. I've heard that DVD is a format that's even catching on with the public, and that we might be able to buy DVDs someday.
Tell me again that DAT's not obsolete. They were undeniably cool in their day, and are still cool for nostalgia's sake, but I can get a new DVD burner for under $50 now, and I can get a car, home, or portable DVD player most anywhere. DAT players aren't commonly available, and trade convenience and durability for a very modest gain in sound quality. A DAT deck would be great next to a MD player and Betamax deck - a whole accumulation of good ideas that have long since been surpassed.
audiophile, n: someone who thinks that they can hear better than phsically possible, and unconditionally relates increasing cost with increasing quality.
;)
I didn't look at the site, but if he's listening to records, he's no audiophile (unless it's on a really expensive record player, playing records hand-pressed into rare alpine vinyl by swiss monks).
No, it doesn't make sense from any point of view, if you think about it. It makes sense if you *don't* think about it, though... Now, maybe if these peaks had been reached a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away, *that* would make sense. ;)
When's the last time *your* laptop got up to 450 degrees F and beyond (and that's just to burn paper - wood generally takes a bit more, with mahogany being up in the 800 degree range to self-ignite, IIRC)? Heck, your *hand* is nearly 100 degrees F, and your laptop's not much more than another 20-30 degrees hotter in general. Do you worry about whether or not the wooden chairs you sit on are treated, lest they ignite from the 97 degree ass sitting in them? :)
Bringing back old shit that's not in any way better than what's current - except that it has more dust and fond memories - does not a renaissance man make. That descriptor is reserved for someone with a broad knowledge, largely because at the time, there was little knowledge and it was therefore possible to nearly know it all. This guy appearently just likes outdated electronics (mostly electronic sound stuff). Call him old-school, antique, a "collector", or a luddite, but not a renaissance man.
:)
FYI.
The ear uses a logarithmic scale - the fellow who refers to cats posting on /. is just confused, probably due to having not quite all of the information needed...
You can't get a flat in the US. Here, we have houses, apartments, condominums, etc - but no flats. Those are all in Europe, AFAIK. :)
If you can get to one area of the system from another via software, then it's exploitable. Period. It's possible to break chroot jails, elevate permissions, etc, etc. It all comes down to the user running untrusted code, which is only a problem when the user doesn't even know what untrusted code *is*. I use a read-only VMWare instance on some desktops for essentially this reason, but the user's profile is still editable through software, and is therefore vulnurable.
I just picked up an Enermax CS-718 case. The whole front is a giant vent, and there's a giant knowb on the front that'll adjust the speed of 4 fans (2 of those are the front and rear 120MM fans). There's a knob on teh power supply to adjust the speed, too, and the supply will magically bump the speed up if it gets too hot. The thing's pretty quiet, and the nifty wind tunnel thing (remember the two 120mm fans? The blow through a tunnel over the processors) keeps the system plenty cool.
Also, it's about the nicest case design I've ever used - the drives all install with really nice rails, the edges are all round, and the case looks pretty neat. I recommend it (though, it costs $200 from newegg, and more elsewhere). I coudl do without the LED fans, and should probably replace the fans with some Vantec Stealths like I generally do, but it's just fine as-is for now.
I don't want the gov't to stop spending, I want to have a say in how they spend. My elected representatives have never met me, and likely haven't read any of my crazy rants, err, letters. My reps don't ever ask me what I think about policies. That is the problem. The politicians are a separate group of people from "normal" citizens.
Hell, less than half of the people they represent even voted, and half of those who did vote are so busy being pissed off that "their" candidate didn't win that they focus their energy on hurting the winner's image. So, even in the best cases, the "representatives" only have about 25% of the people behind them, and only represent the 50% or so who elected to participate in the voting process. Of course most people don't like what's going on - 75% of them didn't vote for the people who are making the decisions.
Yet, we keep on pushing "Democracy" on the rest of the world, like it's the best possible thing (despite our "democratic republic" not actually being a democracy).
Can't do that. The dumb kids would feel bad, and the bad kids would feel bad. As large chunks of the population are not only dumb but also loud, politicians tend to be dumb and think that they primarily represent dumb people. It's all about politics.
:)
Anyway, it's much easier for teachers to level the classes out by neglecting the abilities of smart kids. Smart kids can do dumb kid work, but dumb kids can't do smart kid work.
The US is fucked. I've written letters to my representatives on various topics (including enforcement of turn signals - why do I get a speeding ticket for speeding on an empty rural highway, but people manage to regularly get away with cutting me off / causing dangerous situations by not signalling?) and nothign has changed. I've voted, and nothing has changed. I've called my local high school, offering my time *for free* in order to teach some willing students basic computer science after hours, and been turned away.
Unfortunately, I don't know of a better country, and I like where I live. Mostly.
Eh, it's the thought that counts - and my karma's been pegged for years anyway. :)
If it works for you then, by all means, use it. OS X is nice if your needs are limited to what it provides. I've got sysadmin mentality, though, and if I want to change something, by gosh, I want it to change now! :)
Yeah, I rebooted it a month ago to install a new kernel - it's been running for about 7 years, though (I need to update glibc sometime - it's getting tough to compile lots of the new programs)...