Probably have to use a counter at the encapsulation layer. A 64bit counter wrapping each packet, then just keep track of the "newest" packet.
if ((CurrentCounter - LastCounter) > 0) LastPacket = Current; foward_packet();
The big issue is what happens when you have two different speed connections. If one is faster than the other, bandwidth wise, the one connection could get massive buffer-bloat and loss, pretty much removing most of your benefit.
The quality of the route matters, also, packet loss. If he has something that essentially duplicates the VPN traffic to the same VPN server, then the VPN server just ignores the second packet, packet-loss would be less likely to happen, and it also helps getting the minimum latency of the two high jitter connections.
Many people have such crappy ISPs or connection signal strength that a round-about route is still better.
But now, the links are not oversubscribed from the CO to the core, but are oversubscribed from the core to the Internet.
Not my ISP. I was talking to a Sr Network Admin who had been working at my ISP over 15 years and he said they try to keep their trunk below 50% utilization during peak hours. They way he described it is that the link is a teamed logical connection, and if one of the links goes bad and 50% of the bandwidth drops out, there should still be enough bandwidth that the customers won't notice.
Their total bandwidth, including failovers and backups, is about 6x peak usage.
The biggest issue my ISP has is there are technically "small", and sometimes gets a DDOS against a business customer that saturates their trunk, but it's not often.
I don't know if there is an official number or formula, but when doing iperf LAN speed tests with a 1500mtu, I'm seeing about a 30:1 bandwidth:ack ratio. So if you want 30mb down, you will need at least 1mb of free bandwidth up just for acks. That was using Windows and I know windows does support Naggle, which can combine acks to reduce their numbers. A naive TCP stack may need a 15:1.
I was able to get an early torrent of a big Linux distro, like Ubuntu right at a major version release, and I had hourly averages, according to PFSense, of 42mb/s-46mb/s for almost 8 hours strait from 3pm-11pm. That's an average of ~90% utilization. I was limiting Torrent because I didn't want it to interfere with my video games.
Saturating my download is simple, it's my upload that's hard. Few peers from the USA can handle my 50mb/s upload. When seeding Linux ISOs, most peers that max my connection are from Sweden or Germany and peer directly with Level 3.
Speedtest varies a lot depending on which server you select. Some server have a nice long test that tends to return proper values, but some are so short, it can't possibly be accurate. I have had quite a few times where Speedtest would say something like 70mb/s on my 50mb connection, but when I look at my local computer's bandwidth usage and my PFSense firewall, I'll see something like 42mb/s.
I don't really think a 1ms away ISP speedtest counts much either. Show me full speed from a server 200ms+ away. I can get my full 50mb/s from German servers that are 210ms away from my Midwest USA location.
The "future" GPUs support protected mode and preemptive context switching, first of their kind. You will actually be able to pass a virtual memory address to the GPU, and it will respect that virtual memory space just like the CPU, and can even issue page faults to have the kernel load from the page file. Their new GPUs will fully integrate into the virtual memory system. I'm sure this has a lot to do with their lack of backwards compatibility.
From what I can find for 1960s and automotive workers, they made about $115/week, which is about $20k/year in today's money. My friend makes about $70k/year plus great health benefits and about 6 weeks of paid personal plus holidays running a forklift at a Toyota plant in the USA.
The top 10 Universities in the entire world in the topics of science, engineer, medicine, math, physics, chemistry, computing, and economics are between 50% and 100% from the USA. My state Uni has has almost 10x more international students than many of the top ranking international Unis in Europe, and much cheaper for us locals, and it ranks top 20 in the world in general.
Fertility rates in the 1960s were 3x higher than they are now. With a constantly growing work force, it's easy to keep labor costs cheap. I need my roof fixed, hey neighbor kids, here's $10. We no longer have a huge surplus of young children willing to work for peanuts for menial jobs and you have to actually pay a professional.
A highly educated work force that is no longer growing is expensive to live in.
People keep talking about student debt. It's just a side affect of an uneducated populace that can't compete. Highly educated areas tend to have cheaper education of higher quality.
Lets make this simpler for you. What happens when one person can produce enough EVERYTHING, from food for iPhone, for 100 other people? We'll have 99 people out of work. Are you saying we need to do away with the 99 others?
The logical far extreme issue is what happens when people do not have to work at all? Do we all need to die just because we have fully automated everything?
I'm probably missing something, but pensions seems to be a "put all of your eggs in one basket and hope they don't file a chapter 11". At least with my 401k, my risk is spread through the economy. Unless the economy disappears, I'll still have something to my name. Not so with a pension that goes under.
For under $800 you can get an 8core(not HT, actual cores) "Atom" CPU, with 2GB of ecc memory and 8 Intel i354 server NICs. These are very recent, but Intel is breaking into the low power SOC server market. People in the PFSense forums have shown some of these systems capable of using less than one core when moving almost 10gb/s through.
I'll probably replace my current PFSense box with the next gen of these kinds of boards.
Unless they were sending 100mb of ICMP traffic, I doubt the network admins where going to care. I would rather have the servers responding to the pings than the firewall having a huge list of IPs to check against. Blocking data is expensive, CPU wise. Faster just to forward it.
I think he was going after to not allowing an American branch office to outsource remote jobs to non-Americans. It's not outsourcing if you use remote resources from other countries if they're internal resources.
I can't wait for the research that tries to separate innate ability because of a "better brain", and interest in a subject increasing exposure. My guess is that someone of "average intelligence" but highly interested in something like math or computer science, will still be "smarter" than someone who is innately "smart", but less interested.
Note, by the by, that "working women" is an interesting phrase that implies that women who aren't earning a paycheck aren't "working". A woman on a farm in Africa or India works more than most women in Europe or the USA, in spite of her lack of a paycheck.
Working inefficiently due to lack of access to technology. From a time:output perspective anyway.
The max population of supported humans by farming throughput has increased, but the amount of fertility of the farm land has barely changed. We're consuming the resources quicker than they can be replenished by nature. It's only a matter of time.
Depends on the "gay" person. Some women a lesbians with male brain patterns and some men are gay with female brain patterns. Assuming you get one of each, both roles will be covered.
But yes, having a separate "mother" and "father" figure is important. Both roles are equally important.
There may be 10x more energy coming in than we expected, but there's a heck of a lot more mass absorbing the extra energy than expected. We're not seeing a large temperature increase because of the huge mass of the ocean, which (Mass of Ocean * specific heat)/(Mass of Atmosphere * specific heat) = ~66. The extra energy isn't enough to increase the temperature much, but it is still a lot of energy, meaning more stuff like hurricanes or ice melts.
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Filing jointly effectively averages our incomes. Lowering my tax bracket nets us more returned money than leaving her's alone.
being married did not really change anything from the way it was before we got married.
Same thing here. If marriage changes things, something is wrong. At least that's my opinion.
Depends on your base.
Probably have to use a counter at the encapsulation layer. A 64bit counter wrapping each packet, then just keep track of the "newest" packet.
if ((CurrentCounter - LastCounter) > 0) LastPacket = Current; foward_packet();
The big issue is what happens when you have two different speed connections. If one is faster than the other, bandwidth wise, the one connection could get massive buffer-bloat and loss, pretty much removing most of your benefit.
The quality of the route matters, also, packet loss. If he has something that essentially duplicates the VPN traffic to the same VPN server, then the VPN server just ignores the second packet, packet-loss would be less likely to happen, and it also helps getting the minimum latency of the two high jitter connections.
Many people have such crappy ISPs or connection signal strength that a round-about route is still better.
But now, the links are not oversubscribed from the CO to the core, but are oversubscribed from the core to the Internet.
Not my ISP. I was talking to a Sr Network Admin who had been working at my ISP over 15 years and he said they try to keep their trunk below 50% utilization during peak hours. They way he described it is that the link is a teamed logical connection, and if one of the links goes bad and 50% of the bandwidth drops out, there should still be enough bandwidth that the customers won't notice.
Their total bandwidth, including failovers and backups, is about 6x peak usage.
The biggest issue my ISP has is there are technically "small", and sometimes gets a DDOS against a business customer that saturates their trunk, but it's not often.
I don't know if there is an official number or formula, but when doing iperf LAN speed tests with a 1500mtu, I'm seeing about a 30:1 bandwidth:ack ratio. So if you want 30mb down, you will need at least 1mb of free bandwidth up just for acks. That was using Windows and I know windows does support Naggle, which can combine acks to reduce their numbers. A naive TCP stack may need a 15:1.
I was able to get an early torrent of a big Linux distro, like Ubuntu right at a major version release, and I had hourly averages, according to PFSense, of 42mb/s-46mb/s for almost 8 hours strait from 3pm-11pm. That's an average of ~90% utilization. I was limiting Torrent because I didn't want it to interfere with my video games.
Saturating my download is simple, it's my upload that's hard. Few peers from the USA can handle my 50mb/s upload. When seeding Linux ISOs, most peers that max my connection are from Sweden or Germany and peer directly with Level 3.
Speedtest varies a lot depending on which server you select. Some server have a nice long test that tends to return proper values, but some are so short, it can't possibly be accurate. I have had quite a few times where Speedtest would say something like 70mb/s on my 50mb connection, but when I look at my local computer's bandwidth usage and my PFSense firewall, I'll see something like 42mb/s.
I don't really think a 1ms away ISP speedtest counts much either. Show me full speed from a server 200ms+ away. I can get my full 50mb/s from German servers that are 210ms away from my Midwest USA location.
"future generations of AMD GPUs"
The "future" GPUs support protected mode and preemptive context switching, first of their kind. You will actually be able to pass a virtual memory address to the GPU, and it will respect that virtual memory space just like the CPU, and can even issue page faults to have the kernel load from the page file. Their new GPUs will fully integrate into the virtual memory system. I'm sure this has a lot to do with their lack of backwards compatibility.
From what I can find for 1960s and automotive workers, they made about $115/week, which is about $20k/year in today's money. My friend makes about $70k/year plus great health benefits and about 6 weeks of paid personal plus holidays running a forklift at a Toyota plant in the USA.
the quality of the top universities is high
The top 10 Universities in the entire world in the topics of science, engineer, medicine, math, physics, chemistry, computing, and economics are between 50% and 100% from the USA. My state Uni has has almost 10x more international students than many of the top ranking international Unis in Europe, and much cheaper for us locals, and it ranks top 20 in the world in general.
Real incomes are way down from 1960's standards.
Fertility rates in the 1960s were 3x higher than they are now. With a constantly growing work force, it's easy to keep labor costs cheap. I need my roof fixed, hey neighbor kids, here's $10. We no longer have a huge surplus of young children willing to work for peanuts for menial jobs and you have to actually pay a professional.
A highly educated work force that is no longer growing is expensive to live in.
People keep talking about student debt. It's just a side affect of an uneducated populace that can't compete. Highly educated areas tend to have cheaper education of higher quality.
Lets make this simpler for you. What happens when one person can produce enough EVERYTHING, from food for iPhone, for 100 other people? We'll have 99 people out of work. Are you saying we need to do away with the 99 others?
The logical far extreme issue is what happens when people do not have to work at all? Do we all need to die just because we have fully automated everything?
I'm probably missing something, but pensions seems to be a "put all of your eggs in one basket and hope they don't file a chapter 11". At least with my 401k, my risk is spread through the economy. Unless the economy disappears, I'll still have something to my name. Not so with a pension that goes under.
For under $800 you can get an 8core(not HT, actual cores) "Atom" CPU, with 2GB of ecc memory and 8 Intel i354 server NICs. These are very recent, but Intel is breaking into the low power SOC server market. People in the PFSense forums have shown some of these systems capable of using less than one core when moving almost 10gb/s through.
I'll probably replace my current PFSense box with the next gen of these kinds of boards.
Unless they were sending 100mb of ICMP traffic, I doubt the network admins where going to care. I would rather have the servers responding to the pings than the firewall having a huge list of IPs to check against. Blocking data is expensive, CPU wise. Faster just to forward it.
I think he was going after to not allowing an American branch office to outsource remote jobs to non-Americans. It's not outsourcing if you use remote resources from other countries if they're internal resources.
and sought to learn on their own
I can't wait for the research that tries to separate innate ability because of a "better brain", and interest in a subject increasing exposure. My guess is that someone of "average intelligence" but highly interested in something like math or computer science, will still be "smarter" than someone who is innately "smart", but less interested.
Note, by the by, that "working women" is an interesting phrase that implies that women who aren't earning a paycheck aren't "working". A woman on a farm in Africa or India works more than most women in Europe or the USA, in spite of her lack of a paycheck.
Working inefficiently due to lack of access to technology. From a time:output perspective anyway.
The max population of supported humans by farming throughput has increased, but the amount of fertility of the farm land has barely changed. We're consuming the resources quicker than they can be replenished by nature. It's only a matter of time.
Depends on the "gay" person. Some women a lesbians with male brain patterns and some men are gay with female brain patterns. Assuming you get one of each, both roles will be covered.
But yes, having a separate "mother" and "father" figure is important. Both roles are equally important.
I would rather be judged by ethical people with a background in the sciences and a strong sense of reasoning. Unfortunately, they're rare.
There may be 10x more energy coming in than we expected, but there's a heck of a lot more mass absorbing the extra energy than expected. We're not seeing a large temperature increase because of the huge mass of the ocean, which (Mass of Ocean * specific heat)/(Mass of Atmosphere * specific heat) = ~66. The extra energy isn't enough to increase the temperature much, but it is still a lot of energy, meaning more stuff like hurricanes or ice melts.