Alternatively for manned launches you don't use the supercooled fuel, and accept somewhat lower delta-v or payload. We know the rockets are capable of operating on non-supercooled fuel because SpaceX only started using supercooled fuel about a year ago. This seems a reasonable trade-off in a safety critical application.
I'm not a rocket engineer, so I can't judge these trade-offs for myself, but we have quite a few real rocket engineers advocating this strategy.
"... the global epidemic of HIV and AIDS started in New York around 1970" This sentence is copied from the article, but on further reading you see that it is the USA epidemic, not the global epidemic, which is being talked about.
Compare the opening sentence of this article, "Scientists have managed to reconstruct the route by which HIV/Aids arrived in the US – exonerating once and for all the man long blamed for the ensuing pandemic in the west."
$4.7B for a nuclear plant. Is it worth it? Will the company get $4.7B worth of use from this asset? If they put it on the market today, what price would they get?
Does this price reflect the cost of building a new nuclear plant today, or is it horribly inflated by the troubled construction history?
The new planed UK Hinkley Point station has (Wikipedia) "estimated construction cost of £18 billion, or £24.5 billion including financing costs." This is two units with combined 3200MW output. Watts Bar II is 1200MW - so the UK is planing on spending more per MW than this plant cost.
In this case, the human doctors only had a written description (I've posted examples in another comment.)
However, the human doctor can use all the information in the description, whereas the app can only do so if it has a box for entering that information. E.g. "Preliminary laboratory studies are notable for a serum ALT of 6498 units/L, total bilirubin of 5.6 mg/dL, and INR of 6.8." (Actual text from one of the cases.) I expect apps aimed at consumers don't have any way to enter this information. (No, I don't know what it means either. I'm not the sort of doctor that helps people.)
I managed to track down the actual text of the cases. TFA was only adding the human doctors to an analysis already done with the aps. The aps paper is http://www.bmj.com/content/351... and the cases are in the supplementary material ('data supplement') http://www.bmj.com/highwire/fi...
A 48-year-old woman with a history of migraine headaches presents to the emergency room with altered mental status over the last several hours. She was found by her husband, earlier in the day, to be acutely disoriented and increasingly somnolent. On physical examination, she has scleral icterus, mild right upper quadrant tenderness, and asterixis. Preliminary laboratory studies are notable for a serum ALT of 6498 units/L, total bilirubin of 5.6 mg/dL, and INR of 6.8. Her husband reports that she has consistently been taking pain medications and started taking additional 500 mg acetaminophen pills several days ago for lower back pain. Further history reveals a medication list with multiple acetaminophen-containing preparations.
(This one is acute liver failure requiring emergency care).
An 18-month-old toddler presents with 1 week of rhinorrhea, cough, and congestion. Her parents report she is irritable, sleeping restlessly, and not eating well. Overnight she developed a fever. She attends day care and both parents smoke. On examination signs are found consistent with a viral respiratory infection including rhinorrhea and congestion. The toddler appears irritable and apprehensive and has a fever. Otoscopy reveals a bulging, erythematous tympanic membrane and absent landmarks.
(Acute otitis media - requires 'non-emergent care', i.e. needs professional medical care but is not an emergency)
A 34-year-old woman with no known underlying lung disease 12-day history of cough. She initially had nasal congestion and a mild sore throat, but now her symptoms are all related to a productive cough without paroxysms. She denies any sick contacts. On physical examination she is not in respiratory distress and is afebrile with normal vital signs. No signs of URI are noted. Scattered wheezes are present diffusely on lung auscultation.
So make your own branch of Noto called NoEmo, in which all emoji are rendered the same (possibly blank, possibly some generic 'this is an emoji' symbol.) It is open, so there is nothing to stop you.
Wikipedia was uninformative. I found a genealogy site with a page for JBS: https://www.geni.com/people/J-... Unfortunately, sometimes the links are to a 'private' person, at which point the chain is broken. JBS had a stepchild but no children of his own. His dad was famous, as were his dad's two brothers and his grandfather. One of those (Richard Burdon Sanderson Haldane) was a viscount and Lord Chancellor, but had no sons. The other, Sir William Stowell Haldane had three sons.
William's sons: Thomas Graeme Nelson Haldane (1897-1981): a 'private' child and a son Richard W Haldane. Richard W has four children, all 'private', three of whom have different surnames so we can guess they were daughters. Archie Richard Burdon Haldane (1900-1982): two children, but they are listed 'private' Patrick Haldane (1893-1915): no children listed.
So assuming the listings are accurate (no missing children), it is possible that the Nobel Laureate is descended from JBS's grandfather via JBS's uncle William. The Laureate's full name is Frederick Duncan Michael Haldane, and he goes by Duncan. This pattern of three first names, using the second, appears a number of times in JBS's family tree.
If you static fired without payload, you'd then have significantly longer between the static test fire and launch (during which something might break) and you'd need to lower the rocket to horizontal to attach the payload and raise it again, again with the potential for breaking something. You'd also have each launch keeping the launch pad occupied for longer.
So, it is a trade-off, and you'd need an intimate knowledge of the rocket and launch operations to know whether SpaceX's choice to test with payload was correct.
For all but a handful of years in my life (and every year for the last two decades) I've had a planet in the way of viewing Perseids.
On the bright side, if I optimistically head out tonight and find that the planet has unexpectedly cleared away, I'm sure the view will be really spectacular.
You think you've got problems with mere clouds. For all but a handful of years in my life (and every year for the last two decades) I've had a planet in the way of viewing Perseids.
A DDOS attack does nothing to attack the integrity or security of the data. The success of a DDOS attack only indirectly calls data safety into question - if they were not able to defend against DDOS, perhaps they're also not good enough to maintain security.
As an aside, I'm currently living in Australia, and the site worked fine for me at about 6pm.
Pure water will not accumulate radioactivity. With one exception, there is no reaction with hydrogen or oxygen to make a long term radioactive nucleus. 16O+n->17O (stable). 17O+n->18O (stable). Very rare 18O+n-> 19O, half-life 26s. 16O+p->17F, half-life 65s. Etc.
The only exception is 2H+n -> 3H (tritium, half-life 12.3 years) but the cross section for this is very small, and H2 (deuterium) has very low concentration (0.01%) in ordinary water.
So leave your irradiated pure water for half an hour out of radiation, and it will be fine.
Contaminants in the water could accumulate long term radioactivity. If this is enough to be a problem (I'd bet it isn't), you'd need to purify the water before use.
I was at a company which developed a large CRM application and I was the person who tarred up software updates to send to sites. A small part of the application was in Java, and the Java programmers were enamoured with class names which emphasized descriptiveness over brevity. We ended up with some files where path+filename exceeded 255 characters, and tar broke. My fix was to tell the programmers to shorten their damn file and directory names. (This was about 15 years ago, and it would have been Gnu tar. )
My understanding is that this has already been done: smallpox has been sequenced, and if all samples were destroyed and then for some reason we really needed to have smallpox again, we could reconstruct it. It eight years since scientists created a synthetic bacterial genome of 580,000 base pairs. Smallpox is (according to Wikipedia) 186,000 base pairs.
For decades, researchers have tried to find eukaryotic cells that don't have mitochondria --- and for a while they thought they'd found some. One example is Giardia, a human gut parasite that causes diarrhea. It was considered to be a kind of living fossil because it had a nucleus but didn't seem to have acquired mitochondria. But additional studies on Giardia and other microbes showed that actually, the mitochondria were there.
"It turned out that all of them actually had some kind of remnant mitochondrion," says Karnkowska, who notes that mitochondria perform key jobs in the cell beyond just generating power.
I figure their knowledge is more compete and up to date than mine.
Slashdot Mirror
Alternatively for manned launches you don't use the supercooled fuel, and accept somewhat lower delta-v or payload. We know the rockets are capable of operating on non-supercooled fuel because SpaceX only started using supercooled fuel about a year ago. This seems a reasonable trade-off in a safety critical application.
I'm not a rocket engineer, so I can't judge these trade-offs for myself, but we have quite a few real rocket engineers advocating this strategy.
"... the global epidemic of HIV and AIDS started in New York around 1970"
This sentence is copied from the article, but on further reading you see that it is the USA epidemic, not the global epidemic, which is being talked about.
Compare the opening sentence of this article, "Scientists have managed to reconstruct the route by which HIV/Aids arrived in the US – exonerating once and for all the man long blamed for the ensuing pandemic in the west."
$4.7B for a nuclear plant. Is it worth it? Will the company get $4.7B worth of use from this asset? If they put it on the market today, what price would they get?
Does this price reflect the cost of building a new nuclear plant today, or is it horribly inflated by the troubled construction history?
The new planed UK Hinkley Point station has (Wikipedia) "estimated construction cost of £18 billion, or £24.5 billion including financing costs." This is two units with combined 3200MW output. Watts Bar II is 1200MW - so the UK is planing on spending more per MW than this plant cost.
In this case, the human doctors only had a written description (I've posted examples in another comment.)
However, the human doctor can use all the information in the description, whereas the app can only do so if it has a box for entering that information. E.g. "Preliminary laboratory studies are notable for a serum ALT of 6498 units/L, total bilirubin of 5.6 mg/dL, and INR of 6.8." (Actual text from one of the cases.) I expect apps aimed at consumers don't have any way to enter this information. (No, I don't know what it means either. I'm not the sort of doctor that helps people.)
I managed to track down the actual text of the cases. TFA was only adding the human doctors to an analysis already done with the aps. The aps paper is http://www.bmj.com/content/351... and the cases are in the supplementary material ('data supplement') http://www.bmj.com/highwire/fi...
A 48-year-old woman with a history of migraine headaches presents to the emergency room with altered mental
status over the last several hours. She was found by her husband, earlier in the day, to be acutely disoriented and
increasingly somnolent. On physical examination, she has scleral icterus, mild right upper quadrant tenderness, and
asterixis. Preliminary laboratory studies are notable for a serum ALT of 6498 units/L, total bilirubin of 5.6 mg/dL, and
INR of 6.8. Her husband reports that she has consistently been taking pain medications and started taking additional
500 mg acetaminophen pills several days ago for lower back pain. Further history reveals a medication list with
multiple acetaminophen-containing preparations.
(This one is acute liver failure requiring emergency care).
An 18-month-old toddler presents with 1 week of rhinorrhea, cough, and congestion. Her parents report she is
irritable, sleeping restlessly, and not eating well. Overnight she developed a fever. She attends day care and both
parents smoke. On examination signs are found consistent with a viral respiratory infection including rhinorrhea and
congestion. The toddler appears irritable and apprehensive and has a fever. Otoscopy reveals a bulging,
erythematous tympanic membrane and absent landmarks.
(Acute otitis media - requires 'non-emergent care', i.e. needs professional medical care but is not an emergency)
A 34-year-old woman with no known underlying lung disease 12-day history of cough. She initially had nasal
congestion and a mild sore throat, but now her symptoms are all related to a productive cough without paroxysms.
She denies any sick contacts. On physical examination she is not in respiratory distress and is afebrile with normal
vital signs. No signs of URI are noted. Scattered wheezes are present diffusely on lung auscultation.
(Acute bronchitis, self-care appropriate.)
So make your own branch of Noto called NoEmo, in which all emoji are rendered the same (possibly blank, possibly some generic 'this is an emoji' symbol.) It is open, so there is nothing to stop you.
Wikipedia was uninformative.
I found a genealogy site with a page for JBS: https://www.geni.com/people/J-...
Unfortunately, sometimes the links are to a 'private' person, at which point the chain is broken.
JBS had a stepchild but no children of his own. His dad was famous, as were his dad's two brothers and his grandfather. One of those (Richard Burdon Sanderson Haldane) was a viscount and Lord Chancellor, but had no sons. The other, Sir William Stowell Haldane had three sons.
William's sons: Thomas Graeme Nelson Haldane (1897-1981): a 'private' child and a son Richard W Haldane. Richard W has four children, all 'private', three of whom have different surnames so we can guess they were daughters.
Archie Richard Burdon Haldane (1900-1982): two children, but they are listed 'private'
Patrick Haldane (1893-1915): no children listed.
So assuming the listings are accurate (no missing children), it is possible that the Nobel Laureate is descended from JBS's grandfather via JBS's uncle William.
The Laureate's full name is Frederick Duncan Michael Haldane, and he goes by Duncan. This pattern of three first names, using the second, appears a number of times in JBS's family tree.
by giving power to Trump. Words fail me.
The explosion appears to have started in stage II. You can't test fire stage II, so why would it even have fuel in it?
It wasn't even SpaceX's decision; the payload owner makes the choices like that.
That is an interesting bit of information which I was unaware of.
You're a bit early. By Bishop Ussher's chronology, the world will be 6019 years old in about 7 weeks.
That said, although Ussher's chronology is the best known, other biblical/historical chronologies exist varying by decades or more from this.
If you static fired without payload, you'd then have significantly longer between the static test fire and launch (during which something might break) and you'd need to lower the rocket to horizontal to attach the payload and raise it again, again with the potential for breaking something. You'd also have each launch keeping the launch pad occupied for longer.
So, it is a trade-off, and you'd need an intimate knowledge of the rocket and launch operations to know whether SpaceX's choice to test with payload was correct.
(1) Investigate safety critical devices for security flaws until you find one
(2) Short sell the manufacturer of the flawed device
(3) ???
(4) Profit!
While I don't see anything illegal here, I'd want the advice of a good lawyer before putting it into practice.
For all but a handful of years in my life (and every year for the last two decades) I've had a planet in the way of viewing Perseids.
On the bright side, if I optimistically head out tonight and find that the planet has unexpectedly cleared away, I'm sure the view will be really spectacular.
You think you've got problems with mere clouds. For all but a handful of years in my life (and every year for the last two decades) I've had a planet in the way of viewing Perseids.
A DDOS attack does nothing to attack the integrity or security of the data. The success of a DDOS attack only indirectly calls data safety into question - if they were not able to defend against DDOS, perhaps they're also not good enough to maintain security.
As an aside, I'm currently living in Australia, and the site worked fine for me at about 6pm.
The link supplied goes to a page with barely more text than a slashdot summary. Skip the middleman and go to the actual source.
Alas, this appears to be apocryphal. http://msgboard.snopes.com/cgi...
Pure water will not accumulate radioactivity. With one exception, there is no reaction with hydrogen or oxygen to make a long term radioactive nucleus. 16O+n->17O (stable). 17O+n->18O (stable). Very rare 18O+n-> 19O, half-life 26s. 16O+p->17F, half-life 65s. Etc.
The only exception is 2H+n -> 3H (tritium, half-life 12.3 years) but the cross section for this is very small, and H2 (deuterium) has very low concentration (0.01%) in ordinary water.
So leave your irradiated pure water for half an hour out of radiation, and it will be fine.
Contaminants in the water could accumulate long term radioactivity. If this is enough to be a problem (I'd bet it isn't), you'd need to purify the water before use.
The good news is that, by inference, the resurrection rate has risen.
I was at a company which developed a large CRM application and I was the person who tarred up software updates to send to sites. A small part of the application was in Java, and the Java programmers were enamoured with class names which emphasized descriptiveness over brevity. We ended up with some files where path+filename exceeded 255 characters, and tar broke. My fix was to tell the programmers to shorten their damn file and directory names. (This was about 15 years ago, and it would have been Gnu tar. )
But the real achievement I think they're aiming for is to go through exciting and reach the boring on the far side.
If 'new smallpox' is dangerous, there isn't any need to culture it - you can just take samples from the myriad of victims.
My understanding is that this has already been done: smallpox has been sequenced, and if all samples were destroyed and then for some reason we really needed to have smallpox again, we could reconstruct it. It eight years since scientists created a synthetic bacterial genome of 580,000 base pairs. Smallpox is (according to Wikipedia) 186,000 base pairs.
This was my understanding, but TFA says:
For decades, researchers have tried to find eukaryotic cells that don't have mitochondria --- and for a while they thought they'd found some. One example is Giardia, a human gut parasite that causes diarrhea. It was considered to be a kind of living fossil because it had a nucleus but didn't seem to have acquired mitochondria. But additional studies on Giardia and other microbes showed that actually, the mitochondria were there.
"It turned out that all of them actually had some kind of remnant mitochondrion," says Karnkowska, who notes that mitochondria perform key jobs in the cell beyond just generating power.
I figure their knowledge is more compete and up to date than mine.