If musk wanted to make billions off spaceX he should have been sending cats to mars. Because paid access to video feed of cats doing low grav antics would break the internet and his bank account.
Matter antimatter annihilation is the reason. During the early stages of the Big Bang, matter and antimatter were created in nearly equal amounts. Electrons and positrons, protons and antiprotons, etc. They annihilate on contact and produce two gamma rays. But due to expansion of the universe the photons lose energy as they are stretched in transit and lose the ability to transform back into particles. Today they are very low energy indeed and roughly one thousand times less energetic.
Thus they are very numerous but make up only a small fraction of the energy in the universe. The ratio of these photons to normal matter essentially is the symmetry breaking that tipped the balance in favor of matter throughout the visible universe. No one knows exactly why it's this ratio, a successful theory could net someone a novel prize.
You sir are an idiot if you think the "common people" are concerned over monitoring. They think it's just stuff they post on Facebook for everyone to see anyhow. Get them to understand that the NSA is hoarding pictures of their teenagers junk and you will get the outrage that will actually get something done. No politician cares what a few concerned citizens say; for any real change you need mass viral outrage right before elections.
What's the point if you can't collect pictures of people's junk? Also, given how teens act today, wouldn't the NSA have the largest collection of pedo in the world? Apparently the NSA does think of the children.
WTH geologists why are you ruining life for these people. Your discovery ENABLED these quakes where the state was obviously disabled before you went mucking around like some caffinated and curious teenager in a mess of java. If anyone gets hurt or there is any property damage you just opened yourself up to the largest lawsuit in California history. Hope you are happy you smug bit****.
My 30 dollar laptop battery packs and my 15 dollar power tool packs and my 2 dollar iphone batteries? The whole article is off when it fails to take subsidy into account as well as the fact automanufacters actually sell packs below cost to encourage people to buy. When the first large tesla battery came out it was 30 thousand usd. Now it's around 12 with subsidy and below cost. besides the fact i have a personal grievance with how pollution is advertised with electric vehicles the main thing holding them back is the battery. Once that is reduced in cost and increased in performance they actually become practical. Right now they aren't very practical from a cost perspective at all.
I didn't mean to imply you but in general. I pretty strongly object to testing in real life situations when the populace has an expectation of safety. The google car is perhaps the most advanced in the world yet is not able to function safely in city driving. Google themselves admit it's not ready or it would be rolled out as a product. It's a far cry from teams of engineers, programmers, and scientists fussing over every last detail, planning routes where only expected problems (if any) are in ideal situations and real life situations where these vehicles will be dirty, neglected and abused.
Personally i dont feel that its reasonable to allow any self driving cars on any public roads until they have rigorous safety testing completed on closed courses first. I'm less worried about google than some of these fly by night companies that really are close to a mod/DIY community level of technical ability. The latest test by Delphi comes close to that.
The whole ethics framework debate is a straw man (computer) argument. It's patently obvious people don't make those split second judgement calls. The real reason the Germans are on sound moral grounds is autonomous cars are nowhere near commercial prime time on sunny day clear traffic straight highways. Dirty sensors, unpolished code with bugs, proper reliable extraction of features, sensor failures, intelligent prediction of object locations, prediction and proper avoiding of road hazards, and many more things still need to be ironed out. Problems creep up where a driver may have only a second to take over after the AI bails - complete bullshit that a human can hyper concentrate over the controls and take over in one second properly three hours and twenty six minutes in.
How the fuck do you justify putting people's lives at risk with your crap box wanna be AI? I want self driving cars as much as anyone not employed in the commercial driving industry. But not when any jackass car with half capable systems risks everyone's life. Honestly it needs to be banned in the United States on public roads. Wanna play? Pony up for a closed course before risking people's lives. If you think moral decisions are the barrier to AI cars you haven't the foggiest idea what the actual challenges are.
Riight. Next you will be saying that the united states is not a Christian nation.....
You forget their flavor of the christian religion is not only correct, history is as they believe it to be. For example Allah may have acted according to contemporary norms but that's just showing how backward Islam is compared to the right religion which is nothing but love and the source of all morality and purpose. At least we can all agree to hate atheists. They should be rounded up and put in camps. Thank god many states specifically state they can't hold any political office.
Owning a business does not imbue the owner(s) with the rights of feudal lords.
Small business owners, no of course not. Same with large business owners. They are more like dukes or princes, squashing the unwashed masses beneath their corporate stallions.
Your complete neglect of cost is rather funny. It's still cost per kWh/year obviously you need a battery that will meet your actual capacity vs discharge rate. That is a given - what isn't isnt is paying more money for a more compact and light weight solution.
if you actually read the article they explain how though there is interest, refurbishing packs is not viable. Use of nearly dead packs makes no financial sense in the general case. You will be replacing them all the time, from months to at best a year or two or you need ridiculously oversized batteries to make up for the fact you are losing capacity and discharge rate alarmingly fast. Further you fail to understand as cells to bad it gets exponentially worse as the remaining cells take up the same load, worsening an already bad situation. The only way it's even feasible to use them is if you own both the auto company and the solar company and eat the cost difference between a viable and cost effective economic solution. Sure you can make a great electric car for 100k but he's losing money on them - probably the reason no one else decided on that business plan. show me where these large scale systems use the same cells and chemistry as tesla packs. Can't? Because saying lithium is like saying computer or car. A MacBook isn't the same as arduino. The lithium batteries you use for ev are no where near the kind you would use in a grid backup. You can't even read the cited source i posted or provide your own so why should I take your point of view as having any credibility?
It's ridiculous that we would ship them off to gitmo. What will be done is the two affairs they have had, the business deal under the table last year, his son being gay, the fact that his family has employed illegal immigrants, and the fact he did cocane in college will all be released to the public if he votes the wrong way. Further if he speaks out on this he is revealing state secrets and will be tried in a secret court by secret judges and sentenced to 'pound me in the ass penitentiary' in the most pedestrian sense. 10 years ago I would have called this tin foil hat material, now I'm not so sure.
Again it's simply cost per kWh/year. You simply have a need for kWh at some level of demand. You fail to understand its cheaper to simply buy a slightly larger pack, or different annode/cathode material than use the most finicky fire prone batteries known. I see hand waving but nothing addressing the issue. you obviously never have worked with lithium batteries, doubly so packs of 7000 individual cells. Here is a good example of why using these defunct packs is bull.
From page 46 of this report
Discussions egarding smart grid applications include using automotive battery packs connected to the grid for temporary energy storage, and as emergency power supplies when power is unavailable. There is also considerable discussion in the industry regarding repurposing used or refurbished automotive battery packs for stationary applications such as home level power storage once the packs are no longer suitable for use in vehicles.70 It remains to be seen whether refurbishment of packs will be practical or economical,71 as cells must generally be well matched to provide good performance in battery packs, and aged cells are particularly difficult to match effectively. In addition, for refurbished pack safety, the issue of determining when a cell should be retired will need to be resolved.
tl;dr leading industry experts say the same thing I'm saying. Feel free to cite some actual facts here, say from well cited industry leading experts. Because using burnt out lithium batteries to power your grid is more of a pr stunt than actual economics.
Tesla packs highly resistant to "failing internally". Each brick is made of dozens of cells wired in parallel. It's irrelevant if a handful of cells totally die.
The li-ion charge retention curve is usually an exponential decay. The lower the capacity of the cell gets, the slower further degradation goes. Now, in many electronic devices, it doesn't seem this way because the device is designed for a particular operational voltage range, and when the pack gets below that voltage it's totally useless. But a large-scale system engineered to use old packs and thus designed for greater voltage flexibility is not bound by this constraint.
From page 46 of this report
Discussions egarding smart grid applications include using automotive battery packs connected to the grid for temporary energy storage, and as emergency power supplies when power is unavailable. There is also considerable discussion in the industry regarding repurposing used or refurbished automotive battery packs for stationary applications such as home level power storage once the packs are no longer suitable for use in vehicles.70 It remains to be seen whether refurbishment of packs will be practical or economical,71 as cells must generally be well matched to provide good performance in battery packs, and aged cells are particularly difficult to match effectively. In addition, for refurbished pack safety, the issue of determining when a cell should be retired will need to be resolved.
tl;dr leading industry experts have the exact same concerns i do. You are just not well informed. I'm open to any sources you may be aware of because the facts are buried under political bs.
Because it seems to criminalize a wide swath of legitimate civilian research. From TFA high-performance, neural, optical and fault-tolerant, computers,
electronics,
wavelength research (remember, wi-fi was ‘invented’ in Australia),
heat-shielding,
telecommunications,
information security research,
robotics,
human, animal and plant pathogens, both bacterial and viral,
fibre optics,
cryptography.
satellite technology.
sensor technology.
signal and image processing.
composite materials, andthe list could go on and on.
This effectively criminalizes half of all science related activity at colleges. It's not just the best and brightest it's literally asking the A ark to sail in some kind of reverse HHGTG parody.
Too bad so many of these cheap chargers will crank your 16850s to 4.2 volts.
Nominal voltage is the average voltage over discharge. Often this range is 3-4.2V. Cheap chargers are extremely dangerous as even 4.25V can be hard on cells and anything much over 4.4 is at a greatly increased risk of thermal runaway.
yes i googled this ev post vehicle nonsense and all i found were feel good political bs and almost no detail or facts or evidence.
You were expecting their business plan?
i was expecting some facts. Perhaps some data. I guess facts are too much to ask.
They would be better off simply reprocessing the materials and starting over.
That might be true. Citation?
From page 46 of this report
Discussions egarding smart grid applications include using automotive battery packs connected to the grid for temporary energy storage, and as emergency power supplies when power is unavailable. There is also considerable discussion in the industry regarding repurposing used or refurbished automotive battery packs for stationary applications such as home level power storage once the packs are no longer suitable for use in vehicles.70 It remains to be seen whether refurbishment of packs will be practical or economical,71 as cells must generally be well matched to provide good performance in battery packs, and aged cells are particularly difficult to match effectively. In addition, for refurbished pack safety, the issue of determining when a cell should be retired will need to be resolved.
tl;dr leading industry experts have the exact same concern for the viability as I have mentioned.
Maybe your state is different. I have tried this it dosen't work where I live. You can take them to the hazardous waste drop off site for your county if you show them your license or other id. I live about 15 minutes away from mine - outside of some rude attitude they do a really good job.
It's less to do with planned obsolescence and more to do with the fact lithium cells of almost any kind tolerate very little overcharge before there is a fire. When you pump out a million packs even one fire can create a lawsuit. If you don't have the safety required by the various regulatory agencies, or compared to average products you open yourself to lawsuits. about the only way out is the hobby market which is about 0% of total battery sales and 98% of total fires (you can google these fires destroying homes, cars, etc with high frequency). Imo some of these e-cig manufacturers are going to get fucked because I've disassembled them and there is next to no protection and I've read about many fires in them also. yes i googled this ev post vehicle nonsense and all i found were feel good political bs and almost no detail or facts or evidence. They would be better off simply reprocessing the materials and starting over.
It most certainly is true power per weight and volume is nearly useless for backup. The only major first order factor is cost per kWh per year. Glad to hear you say that not only are lithium batteries not really used a lot at any scale but they type used in teslas are not used at all. Thanks for agreeing.
Battery packs are made of multiple cells, not all the cells go bad at once. Break down a laptop battery sometime. You can find perfectly working cells which are actually fully charged, completely hosed cells which won't take a charge, and cells which appear to work but whose lifetime is very short. The problem is that all of these cells are wired into one pack which has a limited ability to bypass cells. In most cases the pack is only capable of ignoring groups of cells, sometimes as few as two — but it's pretty rare that a cell can actually be cut out individually. So right next to a non-working cell, there can be a cell which will be highly useful in a recycled context.
I only recently started breaking down laptop battery packs, because only recently did I get any significant number of them. My hit rate for getting good cells out of it is over 25%, and the dump takes the old cells for recycling with no fee... The Tesla in particular uses packs which are made out of 18650 cells, just like a laptop. They have slightly more expensive chemistry and a differently-shaped electrode, but you could stuff them into ultrafire flashlights like cells from laptop packs.
So no source then. I not only have designed lithium battery packs but also the smart battery circuitry for military grade robots. I've also been working with secondary lithium batteries since before you could get them in America, my first orders came from Australia and Asia. For example alone, as a safety system, the majority of battery packs for laptops include a fusable link where upon failure of a single cell it is shorted and burnt out thereby disabling the entire pack. Simply hooking up a new pack or replacing a damaged cell has multiple problems as you need to reset the smart battery firmware (not available over smbus via the laptop) and replacing a single cell throws off the cell balancing (among other things) quite badly. You basically are fucked and need an entirely new battery or years of experience in hacking battery systems and programming firmware. for Automotive packs you may be able to bypass stacks of cells but then your max charge rate and discharge rate is affected quite badly. Furthermore since you are likely using your batteries quite a bit this would likely require maintenance and therefore cost. It's unlikely the battery pack is dynamically arranged into groups of 2 cells, typically the nominal voltage is 3.6-3.7v depending on chemistry and annode/cathode. For higher voltage packs, you likely lose the whole string for a single bad cell. For example even if you bypassed them and had 10 parallel for the first series battery, you would only have 9 parallel at some point and this would unbalance your whole pack and limit you to 9 series equivelant even with cell balancing (which is usually resistive and not capacitive). This then runs the remaining cells harder and puts exponentially more wear on the already nearly dead battery.
Slashdot Mirror
If musk wanted to make billions off spaceX he should have been sending cats to mars. Because paid access to video feed of cats doing low grav antics would break the internet and his bank account.
Matter antimatter annihilation is the reason. During the early stages of the Big Bang, matter and antimatter were created in nearly equal amounts. Electrons and positrons, protons and antiprotons, etc. They annihilate on contact and produce two gamma rays. But due to expansion of the universe the photons lose energy as they are stretched in transit and lose the ability to transform back into particles. Today they are very low energy indeed and roughly one thousand times less energetic.
Thus they are very numerous but make up only a small fraction of the energy in the universe. The ratio of these photons to normal matter essentially is the symmetry breaking that tipped the balance in favor of matter throughout the visible universe. No one knows exactly why it's this ratio, a successful theory could net someone a novel prize.
You sir are an idiot if you think the "common people" are concerned over monitoring. They think it's just stuff they post on Facebook for everyone to see anyhow. Get them to understand that the NSA is hoarding pictures of their teenagers junk and you will get the outrage that will actually get something done. No politician cares what a few concerned citizens say; for any real change you need mass viral outrage right before elections.
What's the point if you can't collect pictures of people's junk? Also, given how teens act today, wouldn't the NSA have the largest collection of pedo in the world? Apparently the NSA does think of the children.
WTH geologists why are you ruining life for these people. Your discovery ENABLED these quakes where the state was obviously disabled before you went mucking around like some caffinated and curious teenager in a mess of java. If anyone gets hurt or there is any property damage you just opened yourself up to the largest lawsuit in California history. Hope you are happy you smug bit****.
My 30 dollar laptop battery packs and my 15 dollar power tool packs and my 2 dollar iphone batteries? The whole article is off when it fails to take subsidy into account as well as the fact automanufacters actually sell packs below cost to encourage people to buy. When the first large tesla battery came out it was 30 thousand usd. Now it's around 12 with subsidy and below cost.
besides the fact i have a personal grievance with how pollution is advertised with electric vehicles the main thing holding them back is the battery. Once that is reduced in cost and increased in performance they actually become practical. Right now they aren't very practical from a cost perspective at all.
Let them eat cake!
I didn't mean to imply you but in general.
I pretty strongly object to testing in real life situations when the populace has an expectation of safety. The google car is perhaps the most advanced in the world yet is not able to function safely in city driving. Google themselves admit it's not ready or it would be rolled out as a product. It's a far cry from teams of engineers, programmers, and scientists fussing over every last detail, planning routes where only expected problems (if any) are in ideal situations and real life situations where these vehicles will be dirty, neglected and abused.
Personally i dont feel that its reasonable to allow any self driving cars on any public roads until they have rigorous safety testing completed on closed courses first. I'm less worried about google than some of these fly by night companies that really are close to a mod/DIY community level of technical ability. The latest test by Delphi comes close to that.
The whole ethics framework debate is a straw man (computer) argument. It's patently obvious people don't make those split second judgement calls. The real reason the Germans are on sound moral grounds is autonomous cars are nowhere near commercial prime time on sunny day clear traffic straight highways. Dirty sensors, unpolished code with bugs, proper reliable extraction of features, sensor failures, intelligent prediction of object locations, prediction and proper avoiding of road hazards, and many more things still need to be ironed out. Problems creep up where a driver may have only a second to take over after the AI bails - complete bullshit that a human can hyper concentrate over the controls and take over in one second properly three hours and twenty six minutes in.
How the fuck do you justify putting people's lives at risk with your crap box wanna be AI? I want self driving cars as much as anyone not employed in the commercial driving industry. But not when any jackass car with half capable systems risks everyone's life. Honestly it needs to be banned in the United States on public roads. Wanna play? Pony up for a closed course before risking people's lives. If you think moral decisions are the barrier to AI cars you haven't the foggiest idea what the actual challenges are.
Riight. Next you will be saying that the united states is not a Christian nation.....
You forget their flavor of the christian religion is not only correct, history is as they believe it to be. For example Allah may have acted according to contemporary norms but that's just showing how backward Islam is compared to the right religion which is nothing but love and the source of all morality and purpose.
At least we can all agree to hate atheists. They should be rounded up and put in camps. Thank god many states specifically state they can't hold any political office.
Robots capable of advanced manipulation could eventually take on many simple jobs that are still done by hand.
Just think with this advancement Walowitz would never have had to go to the ER.
Owning a business does not imbue the owner(s) with the rights of feudal lords.
Small business owners, no of course not. Same with large business owners. They are more like dukes or princes, squashing the unwashed masses beneath their corporate stallions.
You are right. In some communities, it will be used to deny service to whites.
Sure but that's not racist. /sarcasm
Your complete neglect of cost is rather funny. It's still cost per kWh/year obviously you need a battery that will meet your actual capacity vs discharge rate. That is a given - what isn't isnt is paying more money for a more compact and light weight solution.
if you actually read the article they explain how though there is interest, refurbishing packs is not viable. Use of nearly dead packs makes no financial sense in the general case. You will be replacing them all the time, from months to at best a year or two or you need ridiculously oversized batteries to make up for the fact you are losing capacity and discharge rate alarmingly fast. Further you fail to understand as cells to bad it gets exponentially worse as the remaining cells take up the same load, worsening an already bad situation. The only way it's even feasible to use them is if you own both the auto company and the solar company and eat the cost difference between a viable and cost effective economic solution. Sure you can make a great electric car for 100k but he's losing money on them - probably the reason no one else decided on that business plan.
show me where these large scale systems use the same cells and chemistry as tesla packs. Can't? Because saying lithium is like saying computer or car. A MacBook isn't the same as arduino. The lithium batteries you use for ev are no where near the kind you would use in a grid backup. You can't even read the cited source i posted or provide your own so why should I take your point of view as having any credibility?
It's ridiculous that we would ship them off to gitmo. What will be done is the two affairs they have had, the business deal under the table last year, his son being gay, the fact that his family has employed illegal immigrants, and the fact he did cocane in college will all be released to the public if he votes the wrong way. Further if he speaks out on this he is revealing state secrets and will be tried in a secret court by secret judges and sentenced to 'pound me in the ass penitentiary' in the most pedestrian sense.
10 years ago I would have called this tin foil hat material, now I'm not so sure.
you obviously never have worked with lithium batteries, doubly so packs of 7000 individual cells. Here is a good example of why using these defunct packs is bull.
From page 46 of this report Discussions egarding smart grid applications include using automotive battery packs connected to the grid for temporary energy storage, and as emergency power supplies when power is unavailable. There is also considerable discussion in the industry regarding repurposing used or refurbished automotive battery packs for stationary applications such as home level power storage once the packs are no longer suitable for use in vehicles.70 It remains to be seen whether refurbishment of packs will be practical or economical,71 as cells must generally be well matched to provide good performance in battery packs, and aged cells are particularly difficult to match effectively. In addition, for refurbished pack safety, the issue of determining when a cell should be retired will need to be resolved.
tl;dr leading industry experts say the same thing I'm saying. Feel free to cite some actual facts here, say from well cited industry leading experts. Because using burnt out lithium batteries to power your grid is more of a pr stunt than actual economics.
Tesla packs highly resistant to "failing internally". Each brick is made of dozens of cells wired in parallel. It's irrelevant if a handful of cells totally die.
The li-ion charge retention curve is usually an exponential decay. The lower the capacity of the cell gets, the slower further degradation goes. Now, in many electronic devices, it doesn't seem this way because the device is designed for a particular operational voltage range, and when the pack gets below that voltage it's totally useless. But a large-scale system engineered to use old packs and thus designed for greater voltage flexibility is not bound by this constraint.
From page 46 of this report Discussions egarding smart grid applications include using automotive battery packs connected to the grid for temporary energy storage, and as emergency power supplies when power is unavailable. There is also considerable discussion in the industry regarding repurposing used or refurbished automotive battery packs for stationary applications such as home level power storage once the packs are no longer suitable for use in vehicles.70 It remains to be seen whether refurbishment of packs will be practical or economical,71 as cells must generally be well matched to provide good performance in battery packs, and aged cells are particularly difficult to match effectively. In addition, for refurbished pack safety, the issue of determining when a cell should be retired will need to be resolved. tl;dr leading industry experts have the exact same concerns i do. You are just not well informed. I'm open to any sources you may be aware of because the facts are buried under political bs.
Because it seems to criminalize a wide swath of legitimate civilian research. From TFA
high-performance, neural, optical and fault-tolerant, computers,
electronics,
wavelength research (remember, wi-fi was ‘invented’ in Australia),
heat-shielding,
telecommunications,
information security research,
robotics,
human, animal and plant pathogens, both bacterial and viral,
fibre optics,
cryptography.
satellite technology.
sensor technology.
signal and image processing.
composite materials, andthe list could go on and on.
This effectively criminalizes half of all science related activity at colleges. It's not just the best and brightest it's literally asking the A ark to sail in some kind of reverse HHGTG parody.
Because the battery and solar cells will operate at different voltages. To charge batteries directly you would need a dc-dc converter at a minimum.
Too bad so many of these cheap chargers will crank your 16850s to 4.2 volts.
Nominal voltage is the average voltage over discharge. Often this range is 3-4.2V. Cheap chargers are extremely dangerous as even 4.25V can be hard on cells and anything much over 4.4 is at a greatly increased risk of thermal runaway.
yes i googled this ev post vehicle nonsense and all i found were feel good political bs and almost no detail or facts or evidence.
You were expecting their business plan?
i was expecting some facts. Perhaps some data. I guess facts are too much to ask.
They would be better off simply reprocessing the materials and starting over.
That might be true. Citation?
From page 46 of this report Discussions egarding smart grid applications include using automotive battery packs connected to the grid for temporary energy storage, and as emergency power supplies when power is unavailable. There is also considerable discussion in the industry regarding repurposing used or refurbished automotive battery packs for stationary applications such as home level power storage once the packs are no longer suitable for use in vehicles.70 It remains to be seen whether refurbishment of packs will be practical or economical,71 as cells must generally be well matched to provide good performance in battery packs, and aged cells are particularly difficult to match effectively. In addition, for refurbished pack safety, the issue of determining when a cell should be retired will need to be resolved.
tl;dr leading industry experts have the exact same concern for the viability as I have mentioned.
It's more like 5-10 in my state. I wish it was $30 because maybe then asshats wouldn't walk off the street and throw them down my property.
Maybe your state is different. I have tried this it dosen't work where I live. You can take them to the hazardous waste drop off site for your county if you show them your license or other id. I live about 15 minutes away from mine - outside of some rude attitude they do a really good job.
It's less to do with planned obsolescence and more to do with the fact lithium cells of almost any kind tolerate very little overcharge before there is a fire. When you pump out a million packs even one fire can create a lawsuit. If you don't have the safety required by the various regulatory agencies, or compared to average products you open yourself to lawsuits. about the only way out is the hobby market which is about 0% of total battery sales and 98% of total fires (you can google these fires destroying homes, cars, etc with high frequency). Imo some of these e-cig manufacturers are going to get fucked because I've disassembled them and there is next to no protection and I've read about many fires in them also.
yes i googled this ev post vehicle nonsense and all i found were feel good political bs and almost no detail or facts or evidence. They would be better off simply reprocessing the materials and starting over.
It most certainly is true power per weight and volume is nearly useless for backup. The only major first order factor is cost per kWh per year. Glad to hear you say that not only are lithium batteries not really used a lot at any scale but they type used in teslas are not used at all. Thanks for agreeing.
Do you have a source?
Battery packs are made of multiple cells, not all the cells go bad at once. Break down a laptop battery sometime. You can find perfectly working cells which are actually fully charged, completely hosed cells which won't take a charge, and cells which appear to work but whose lifetime is very short. The problem is that all of these cells are wired into one pack which has a limited ability to bypass cells. In most cases the pack is only capable of ignoring groups of cells, sometimes as few as two — but it's pretty rare that a cell can actually be cut out individually. So right next to a non-working cell, there can be a cell which will be highly useful in a recycled context.
I only recently started breaking down laptop battery packs, because only recently did I get any significant number of them. My hit rate for getting good cells out of it is over 25%, and the dump takes the old cells for recycling with no fee... The Tesla in particular uses packs which are made out of 18650 cells, just like a laptop. They have slightly more expensive chemistry and a differently-shaped electrode, but you could stuff them into ultrafire flashlights like cells from laptop packs.
So no source then. I not only have designed lithium battery packs but also the smart battery circuitry for military grade robots. I've also been working with secondary lithium batteries since before you could get them in America, my first orders came from Australia and Asia. For example alone, as a safety system, the majority of battery packs for laptops include a fusable link where upon failure of a single cell it is shorted and burnt out thereby disabling the entire pack. Simply hooking up a new pack or replacing a damaged cell has multiple problems as you need to reset the smart battery firmware (not available over smbus via the laptop) and replacing a single cell throws off the cell balancing (among other things) quite badly. You basically are fucked and need an entirely new battery or years of experience in hacking battery systems and programming firmware.
for Automotive packs you may be able to bypass stacks of cells but then your max charge rate and discharge rate is affected quite badly. Furthermore since you are likely using your batteries quite a bit this would likely require maintenance and therefore cost. It's unlikely the battery pack is dynamically arranged into groups of 2 cells, typically the nominal voltage is 3.6-3.7v depending on chemistry and annode/cathode. For higher voltage packs, you likely lose the whole string for a single bad cell. For example even if you bypassed them and had 10 parallel for the first series battery, you would only have 9 parallel at some point and this would unbalance your whole pack and limit you to 9 series equivelant even with cell balancing (which is usually resistive and not capacitive). This then runs the remaining cells harder and puts exponentially more wear on the already nearly dead battery.