So if more rapid =larger, Then the signal pours into a leaky bucket, and the level falls when less rapid ensues = de facto analog. An AI new born would have resources of memory, which we can liken to instinctual memories found in many places. The rate of access to this and the depth would hasten maturity, and a faster clock speed also do this. A lone AI would want the high speed interaction of another like it, or more, so we need to build them in groups, once we know how.
Yes, We humans all have varying forms of intelligence. Some are math whizzes who never solve the reproduction equation on saturday night.Some can compute complex 3D motion and solve the muscle equation to hit baskets. I think that as we understand the mix of processes and brain areas that make up the average mind we will also learn what make the extraordinary mind, in math, social skills and athletics and what the tradeoffs are. Is there a maximum degree of intelligence? Can an AI have an IQ OF 3,500,000 - if so, would we seem like bacteria to it?
Comparing man and AI in a digital is to fail. The human condition in all the ways we think, lay down memory, recall, amend memory etc, is not at all digital. It seems to me that almost every study finds neurons have large numbers of interconnections and even though the nerve cells does change from one state to another, in a way that resembles digital, all the summing and deduction of various inputs, and the same things happening to the large number of interconnected neurons tells me that we can not easily reach this digitally. Some say that a large and complex digital system that emulates an enormous neuronal network in an analog manner is hiw we will achieve AI. A lot of the experts say we can only create AI, when we fully understand it, and we are far from fully understanding it. Others seems to feel that if we break the mind down into dozens of interacting analog systems, each one of them will be manageable digitally, and as we achieve this digital emulation of each analog system we will reach the starting point - posit an AI child, with a pace of thought 10,000 times as fast. Will it go mad from being lonely? Will we be able to slow it's clock at ~ 10 Hz, to think as fast as we do?(assuming the alpha wave is the master clock). Can we dial the speed as we wish? Will it learn to hate us - its slavemsaters? How do we pay it? Will there be a currency it wants and will work for? Will it want a gf/bf, be prey to hero worship, treason etc?
Apple was off to a good start with the Apple II, it then went into fail mode until they went into desk top publishing, and that carried them for a few years, and then they were near death at ~~$2 per share when the iPhone and iPad came along at just the right time and Blackberry(who was run by Canadian idiots who ignored it for 5 years). If Blackberry had responded instantly with a catch up, we would see an entirely different phone/tablet ecosystem. Microsoft also had high placed idiots.
Now however, Apple seems out of new ideas, it can only try a cheaper iPhone, which will cost more than dozens of Android variants. So Ellison may be right, the sun is setting on the Apple empire - still, $150 billion or so will allow Apple to live on for a while, unless they do something incredible stupid - like buying their own stock = simple cash combustion, I see they actually burned some cash last quarter - what did it get them? Nothing is what it got them.
They call the product of these software authors "Fiction, any relationship with anyone living or dead is purely coincidental" except that the dying must live it...
Maxo-Texas, You completely correct, they have to cut the price by far more than $100 or face total loss of value into a dumpster? I suspect they took this first step to see how it goes and they will cut more later. A breakdown shows they can easily drop the price a lot further, as this shows http://tinyurl.com/q2ncynh
So one must come to the conclusion that upper manglement of Microsoft is in the grip of a fool or a cabal of fools and is incapable of seeing the harsh economic reality of their position. After all, they are used to selling software, with near zero reproductions costs, and yet they are similarly greedy.
The entirety of upper manglement must go. Only their strangle hold on Windows has allowed such an inefficient corporation to struggle on.
Apple could kill them in 2-3 years, by selling their operating system in such a manner that well performing Apple clones could be legally made - if only Apple would settle for less greed as well. Still, Apple is entering into sunset mode now, and will be forced to adapt.
most electric have a thin metal foil which prevents close shaves. They experimented with larger gaps, so the flesh bulged up, but this led to occasional flesh abrasion, so these never left the labs. For a smooth shave, I do an electric shave, followed by a double face wash followed by a safety razor shave. I only do this close work for dates, mostl times electric is OK
Bear in mind, I placed "insects" in quotes, as I was referring to the various life forms that occupy similar niches, both predators and herbivores.
The ones we eat, some like lobsters, shrimp are chitin covered, others like whelks and octopi are not, nontheless, we found ways to eat them.
Krill overlap with shrimp, I wonder if they have a muscular and tasty body we may find edible, although msny seem quite small, I wonder if they can be bred and selected for size and serve as a food source. They are, of course, used as bulk food for animals, I wonder if fine krill, guts and all, made into a powder would serve as a protein source to make a tofu-like meat substitute? Of course, we will soon be growing meat, in tanks, and once we do that, why not chicken, lamb, shrimp etc.
Insects are small, we eat muscles of animals. I recall the Roman emperors ate birds tongues - it takes a lot of birds. So we need to breed large insects - grasshoppers, with large leg and thorax muscles the size of cows. At that time many muscle cuts will be doable.
The grasshopperboys will use kangaroos for the roundup...
That said, the way insects use spiracles to send air and grab CO2 from their tissues means there may well be structural limits on insect size. Large ones in the fossil record had large wingspans and small bodies, and they lived when we had 30% O2, at 21% we have smaller insects. Large fat grubs, like witchety grubs may be a partial diet if you like fat, or you can make Witchety Butter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchetty_grub.
Sea "insects" are supported by the water and have larger bodies and gills, we eat these as lobsters and shrimps and many others.
As to what land insects we will serve on table, later ages and starving people will determine this
Yes, Natural News = Crackpots incorporated. If people refuse vaccination, then let them pay the medical bills that ensue. Medical plans should include clauses that parents themselves must pay if their kids fall ill from crackpot fool theories.
LOL, Communism was a kleptocracy and the people were starved and kept down. Most small UN countries are also dictatorships and sell their UN votes for cash all the time, to support Russia and Japanese whaling is where those bought votes go at the UN.
In Canada the military thermally destroys the drive and PCB to a molten state. In the days of large mainframe hard drives I was told the CIA would first open the drive platter case. separate each platter and mount the platters on a lathe and mill them down to bare aluminium, which was melted. I would anticipate the NSA/CSA/FBI would perform a similar level of destruction, the IRS, I have heard of them selling systems with only the directory wiped, so ant expert person could read the scattered data files and make some attemt to re-catenate them?
Ultracapacitors will never reach the power density of batteries. The main reason is that the battery can lay down thousands of layers of a chemically changed state at the change of state voltage. The capacitor can lay down a single layer, at first, when the second layer is built, a space charge analog effect occurs, sine the 2 layers have the same charge polarity and repel each other. Capacitors are made to have a very large area, far larger than batteries, and they can discharge this rapidly and can be repeatedly charged and discharged, since there is no wear mechanism. With capacitors, the charge is a function of voltage, as you draw charge, the capacitor voltage drops. Batteries are flat in voltage profile until the battery substance has deplated,m it then falls to zero. The mechanical analog is a spring, which flexes and the force declines, the hydraulic analog is a dam -which empties
The analogy equates the voltage to a water level to an absolute temperature. Sure yoiu can use voltage regulators in boost mode, but then you could use a discharge temperature of absolute zero to get more from a Carnot limitation. ( turns on the port to his infinite volume absolute zero discharge space - which he carries on his back...)
Another limitation in capacitors is encountered when you increase the voltage - this means thicker insulation = lower capacitance in inverse proportion. Double the insulation = twice as big in size. The stored energy goes up as the square of the voltage, so there is gain with voltage.
The big limitation is that charge is only a single layer on the electrolyte, so you can never achieve the storage density of chemical change of state, nor the constancy of voltage. Added layers do not allow for direct increase in capacitance. A full double layer will give an incremental increase. Batteries can form layer after layer of stored atoms in the charged state with directly additive results
One day they may solve the dendrite problem in silver cells - as they are recharged the silver forms atom sized pointy needles that work there way through the porous plate barriers (they must be porous to allow current flow). So far this has proved intractable.
No, capacitors will never replace batteries, they will complement them. The charts and work of others are valid.
The voltage declines as you consume the energy stored, meaning some of the energy you stored you can never use. This is analogous to the Carnot limitations.
I took this in 1958 and I was unable to cut and paste from the Wikipedia.
One problem with capacitors is the charge is stored a lot like water in a tank. As you use water the water level drops, in any capacitor, as you use it the voltage drops. The governing equation is Q = 0.5 *C*V*V.
A single cell (in a battery of cells) is composed of two materials of different chemical states and they produce a constant voltage until one of the chemical states is depleted. Charging reverses this, again at a constant voltage. The charge and discharge voltages in a theoretically perfect cell are ~~ the same, in a real cell, resistance caused voltage drops and departures from irreversibility lead to differences in the charge discharge voltage. You must charge with a high voltage than you get on discharge.
A second problem, is the fact that a bulk material changes state in a cell, this inherently stores more charge than a capacitor, which is a surface layer of added charge. It is true that since the capacitor involves no change of state, that the life is more or less infinite, and because it is a monolayer of charge, you can charge and discharge at speeds limited only by the current limits of the wires.
As long as you design a downstream voltage regulator to use the declining voltage to power your circuit at its required constant voltage, then ultracaps will find a niche in many pieces of equipment from Cars(as a peak acceleration source) to tiny items as the sole power
Robot workers will get paid and transfer their earnings to robot consumers, a closed cycle capable of great speed.
If in fact they automate all work, and all people do nothing in the way of work, then output will soon fill the warehouses and people will buy nothing - they have no money to buy anything with.
Or will we operate like a star ship, with no money, all done by "synthesizer rations"
Let states charge their own sales tax on sales that start and finish in that same state. If they ship to another state, charge 7% Federal interstate sales tax and keep 33.3% of that for the federal government, and give 33.3% to each state. States would get some of what they wanted, and on both ends and the feds would get their third. Once passed, states could opt in or not. If they do not, they face what they face now on sales shipped into the state?)and they get nothing on sales shipped out of the state. My bet is they will take the 33.3% into and the 33.3% sales out of as better than no loaf.
Slashdot Mirror
So if more rapid =larger, Then the signal pours into a leaky bucket, and the level falls when less rapid ensues = de facto analog.
An AI new born would have resources of memory, which we can liken to instinctual memories found in many places. The rate of access to this and the depth would hasten maturity, and a faster clock speed also do this.
A lone AI would want the high speed interaction of another like it, or more, so we need to build them in groups, once we know how.
Yes, We humans all have varying forms of intelligence. Some are math whizzes who never solve the reproduction equation on saturday night.Some can compute complex 3D motion and solve the muscle equation to hit baskets.
I think that as we understand the mix of processes and brain areas that make up the average mind we will also learn what make the extraordinary mind, in math, social skills and athletics and what the tradeoffs are.
Is there a maximum degree of intelligence? Can an AI have an IQ OF 3,500,000 - if so, would we seem like bacteria to it?
Comparing man and AI in a digital is to fail. The human condition in all the ways we think, lay down memory, recall, amend memory etc, is not at all digital. It seems to me that almost every study finds neurons have large numbers of interconnections and even though the nerve cells does change from one state to another, in a way that resembles digital, all the summing and deduction of various inputs, and the same things happening to the large number of interconnected neurons tells me that we can not easily reach this digitally. Some say that a large and complex digital system that emulates an enormous neuronal network in an analog manner is hiw we will achieve AI. A lot of the experts say we can only create AI, when we fully understand it, and we are far from fully understanding it.
Others seems to feel that if we break the mind down into dozens of interacting analog systems, each one of them will be manageable digitally, and as we achieve this digital emulation of each analog system we will reach the starting point - posit an AI child, with a pace of thought 10,000 times as fast. Will it go mad from being lonely?
Will we be able to slow it's clock at ~ 10 Hz, to think as fast as we do?(assuming the alpha wave is the master clock). Can we dial the speed as we wish? Will it learn to hate us - its slavemsaters? How do we pay it? Will there be a currency it wants and will work for? Will it want a gf/bf, be prey to hero worship, treason etc?
Invention of retina laptops - what invention, they are fabrications.
The rest is normal progress in machine and OS
Apple was off to a good start with the Apple II, it then went into fail mode until they went into desk top publishing, and that carried them for a few years, and then they were near death at ~~$2 per share when the iPhone and iPad came along at just the right time and Blackberry(who was run by Canadian idiots who ignored it for 5 years). If Blackberry had responded instantly with a catch up, we would see an entirely different phone/tablet ecosystem. Microsoft also had high placed idiots.
Now however, Apple seems out of new ideas, it can only try a cheaper iPhone, which will cost more than dozens of Android variants. So Ellison may be right, the sun is setting on the Apple empire - still, $150 billion or so will allow Apple to live on for a while, unless they do something incredible stupid - like buying their own stock = simple cash combustion, I see they actually burned some cash last quarter - what did it get them? Nothing is what it got them.
Duck tape - fits, many of the MD's in the system are quacks.....
They call the product of these software authors "Fiction, any relationship with anyone living or dead is purely coincidental" except that the dying must live it...
Maxo-Texas, You completely correct, they have to cut the price by far more than $100 or face total loss of value into a dumpster?
I suspect they took this first step to see how it goes and they will cut more later.
A breakdown shows they can easily drop the price a lot further, as this shows
http://tinyurl.com/q2ncynh
So one must come to the conclusion that upper manglement of Microsoft is in the grip of a fool or a cabal of fools and is incapable of seeing the harsh economic reality of their position. After all, they are used to selling software, with near zero reproductions costs, and yet they are similarly greedy.
The entirety of upper manglement must go. Only their strangle hold on Windows has allowed such an inefficient corporation to struggle on.
Apple could kill them in 2-3 years, by selling their operating system in such a manner that well performing Apple clones could be legally made - if only Apple would settle for less greed as well.
Still, Apple is entering into sunset mode now, and will be forced to adapt.
most electric have a thin metal foil which prevents close shaves. They experimented with larger gaps, so the flesh bulged up, but this led to occasional flesh abrasion, so these never left the labs. For a smooth shave, I do an electric shave, followed by a double face wash followed by a safety razor shave. I only do this close work for dates, mostl times electric is OK
Bear in mind, I placed "insects" in quotes, as I was referring to the various life forms that occupy similar niches, both predators and herbivores.
The ones we eat, some like lobsters, shrimp are chitin covered, others like whelks and octopi are not, nontheless, we found ways to eat them.
Krill overlap with shrimp, I wonder if they have a muscular and tasty body we may find edible, although msny seem quite small, I wonder if they can be bred and selected for size and serve as a food source. They are, of course, used as bulk food for animals, I wonder if fine krill, guts and all, made into a powder would serve as a protein source to make a tofu-like meat substitute? Of course, we will soon be growing meat, in tanks, and once we do that, why not chicken, lamb, shrimp etc.
http://tinyurl.com/lgjp7e2
Insects are small, we eat muscles of animals. I recall the Roman emperors ate birds tongues - it takes a lot of birds.
So we need to breed large insects - grasshoppers, with large leg and thorax muscles the size of cows. At that time many muscle cuts will be doable.
The grasshopperboys will use kangaroos for the roundup...
That said, the way insects use spiracles to send air and grab CO2 from their tissues means there may well be structural limits on insect size. Large ones in the fossil record had large wingspans and small bodies, and they lived when we had 30% O2, at 21% we have smaller insects. Large fat grubs, like witchety grubs may be a partial diet if you like fat, or you can make Witchety Butter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchetty_grub.
Sea "insects" are supported by the water and have larger bodies and gills, we eat these as lobsters and shrimps and many others.
As to what land insects we will serve on table, later ages and starving people will determine this
The herd must pay, just cut the non believers from the herd - let them pay for their folly
Yes, Natural News = Crackpots incorporated. If people refuse vaccination, then let them pay the medical bills that ensue. Medical plans should include clauses that parents themselves must pay if their kids fall ill from crackpot fool theories.
LOL, Communism was a kleptocracy and the people were starved and kept down. Most small UN countries are also dictatorships and sell their UN votes for cash all the time, to support Russia and Japanese whaling is where those bought votes go at the UN.
In Canada the military thermally destroys the drive and PCB to a molten state. In the days of large mainframe hard drives I was told the CIA would first open the drive platter case. separate each platter and mount the platters on a lathe and mill them down to bare aluminium, which was melted.
I would anticipate the NSA/CSA/FBI would perform a similar level of destruction, the IRS, I have heard of them selling systems with only the directory wiped, so ant expert person could read the scattered data files and make some attemt to re-catenate them?
Ah yes, tolerance, so he should tolerate bit-torrent downloads, we enjoy his work product and he gets nothing from it.
Ultracapacitors will never reach the power density of batteries. The main reason is that the battery can lay down thousands of layers of a chemically changed state at the change of state voltage.
The capacitor can lay down a single layer, at first, when the second layer is built, a space charge analog effect occurs, sine the 2 layers have the same charge polarity and repel each other.
Capacitors are made to have a very large area, far larger than batteries, and they can discharge this rapidly and can be repeatedly charged and discharged, since there is no wear mechanism. With capacitors, the charge is a function of voltage, as you draw charge, the capacitor voltage drops. Batteries are flat in voltage profile until the battery substance has deplated,m it then falls to zero.
The mechanical analog is a spring, which flexes and the force declines, the hydraulic analog is a dam -which empties
Obviously, if a teen finds a bug, he should offer it Romanian hackers, cash first, in an anonymous way.
The analogy equates the voltage to a water level to an absolute temperature.
Sure yoiu can use voltage regulators in boost mode, but then you could use a discharge temperature of absolute zero to get more from a Carnot limitation.
( turns on the port to his infinite volume absolute zero discharge space - which he carries on his back...)
Another limitation in capacitors is encountered when you increase the voltage - this means thicker insulation = lower capacitance in inverse proportion.
Double the insulation = twice as big in size. The stored energy goes up as the square of the voltage, so there is gain with voltage.
The big limitation is that charge is only a single layer on the electrolyte, so you can never achieve the storage density of chemical change of state, nor the constancy of voltage. Added layers do not allow for direct increase in capacitance. A full double layer will give an incremental increase. Batteries can form layer after layer of stored atoms in the charged state with directly additive results
One day they may solve the dendrite problem in silver cells - as they are recharged the silver forms atom sized pointy needles that work there way through the porous plate barriers (they must be porous to allow current flow). So far this has proved intractable.
No, capacitors will never replace batteries, they will complement them.
The charts and work of others are valid.
The voltage declines as you consume the energy stored, meaning some of the energy you stored you can never use.
This is analogous to the Carnot limitations.
I took this in 1958 and I was unable to cut and paste from the Wikipedia.
That depature from reversibility indicates that Li-ion will inherently lose part of their charge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor
Yes, I took this in 1958, so I am a little rusty on the terminilogy, bit clear on the concept
One problem with capacitors is the charge is stored a lot like water in a tank. As you use water the water level drops, in any capacitor, as you use it the voltage drops.
The governing equation is Q = 0.5 *C*V*V.
A single cell (in a battery of cells) is composed of two materials of different chemical states and they produce a constant voltage until one of the chemical states is depleted. Charging reverses this, again at a constant voltage. The charge and discharge voltages in a theoretically perfect cell are ~~ the same, in a real cell, resistance caused voltage drops and departures from irreversibility lead to differences in the charge discharge voltage. You must charge with a high voltage than you get on discharge.
A second problem, is the fact that a bulk material changes state in a cell, this inherently stores more charge than a capacitor, which is a surface layer of added charge. It is true that since the capacitor involves no change of state, that the life is more or less infinite, and because it is a monolayer of charge, you can charge and discharge at speeds limited only by the current limits of the wires.
The net result is the energy density of the best capacitors is barely as good as the worst batteries.
Battery graphs here http://tinyurl.com/autjb7l
Capacitor graphs here http://tinyurl.com/byqbdje
Direct comparisons here http://tinyurl.com/b9zwcdw
As long as you design a downstream voltage regulator to use the declining voltage to power your circuit at its required constant voltage, then ultracaps will find a niche in many pieces of equipment from Cars(as a peak acceleration source) to tiny items as the sole power
Robot workers will get paid and transfer their earnings to robot consumers, a closed cycle capable of great speed.
If in fact they automate all work, and all people do nothing in the way of work, then output will soon fill the warehouses and people will buy nothing - they have no money to buy anything with.
Or will we operate like a star ship, with no money, all done by "synthesizer rations"
Let states charge their own sales tax on sales that start and finish in that same state. If they ship to another state, charge 7% Federal interstate sales tax and keep 33.3% of that for the federal government, and give 33.3% to each state. States would get some of what they wanted, and on both ends and the feds would get their third.
Once passed, states could opt in or not. If they do not, they face what they face now on sales shipped into the state?)and they get nothing on sales shipped out of the state. My bet is they will take the 33.3% into and the 33.3% sales out of as better than no loaf.