I know you're just having fun, but (a) plagiarism of storyline has been a fundamental part of storytelling since prehistory, and (b) even if there were laws against being unoriginal, all of the source material is long out of copyright!
The exact number is 3,507. I hope you're now able to sleep well at night.
...and if you're curious, that number is actually extremely low by the standards for this type of experiment; they didn't analyse anywhere near enough data. Metagenomics is supposed to take up gigabytes of disk space; the amount of usable data they got was around 37 MB.
In Canada, the politics of the Conservative Party take on many of the features of the governments of Bush and Reagan, which is why I use the label. I do not intend to imply anything to do with international relations or make any racial or religious accusations; while he does seem to hold a strong pro-Israel perspective, I don't consider this important, and I suppose in retrospect this is probably a misuse of the label on my part.
The comparisons I actually wanted wanted to draw were the following: he's been systematically secretive, created the largest deficit in the country's history, and suppressed environmental science. (He's also raised taxes for the poor and lowered them for corporations, and cut social services, but those aren't a neoconservative affectation as much as it's just regular old small-government conservativism.) And it's the secrecy that's really the issue; no one would ever believe that a Canadian government prior to Harper's would have the Machiavellian wit to organise an effective intelligence-gathering operation.
Jeez, RTFA much? This can write with anything that's vaporizable; dip-pen nanolithography is limited to liquid inks. It's mentioned by name in the story.
That latter part's really changed. At some point MS realised they could get spur adoption by localizing gobs of central Asian languages, and went overboard with expanding the list of supported languages. For the low, low price of a few naive interns, they can easily throw in a few new languages to please their shareholders. As far as maintaining a competitive product goes, it's largely busywork, since adoption is slow (?) and their existing markets are threatened, but it's an understandable mode of retreat for a company going through a midlife crisis where most of the key people have recently left.
The title of the article is "HEAVEN: The head anastomosis venture Project outline for the first human head transplantation with spinal linkage (GEMINI)."
I think the reasoning behind the nomenclature is from the surgeon's perspective: whatever part is smaller is being transplanted. After all, no one contests the term "brain transplant," which has been a figure of (mostly rhetorical and science fiction) speech for some time.
Atlassian boasts that Crowd has more than a thousand corporate users, including the NYSE. Yes, kids, the New York Stock Exchange has internal applications that are affected by this backdoor—along with Sourceforge, Twitter, BMW, Panasonic, Netflix, Zynga...
Re:At least they're not rolling their own.
on
The DNA Data Deluge
·
· Score: 1
Yeah, it can be compressed pretty aggressively, as we've discussed elsewhere in this comment thread. However, compression performance has to be balanced with IO speed.
I really think you're missing the point. The issue scales down just as well; if the bomb had killed no one, it would still be criminal to set it off in a public place because it's dangerous and there is intent to cause harm.
There's legitimacy in identifying it as a distinctive act—if someone sets off a bomb in a public place that is supposed to kill thousands of people, but by fluke it only kills one, you'd have to put the perpetrator down for... how many attempted murders? And of whom? Plus that ignores the possible property damage. The way the law is written, 18 USC sec. 2332a is more of a summary of damages, actual and potential, than some pigeonhole that crimes have to be sandwiched into. In the Tsarnaev case it was added on top of the murder charges. This is another crime separate from those acts.
If you look at the laws themselves it's a bit weird; 18 USC sec. 2332a seems to introduce the term "weapons of mass destruction" for the sole purpose of re-naming a definition provided in 18 USC sec. 921 called "destructive device," which dates to 1934 at the latest. I'm not savvy enough to figure out when the "WMD" terminology was introduced, but it's at least older than 1996 and seems to serve no purpose other than sounding grandiose.
Of course, that also requires that the patient is unaware of it (unlikely), or that they cannot speak (in which case there's probably a caregiver who does...) I suppose it could happen, but it's pretty combinatorically hard. Antibiotic allergies tend to manifest symptoms that are fairly non-life-threatening and limited by the dose size, they can be tested for in advance if the medical practitioner has cause for concern, and tend to go away as you grow up. That being said, there can be other fairly serious drug allergies, so the point's not moot.
Even within biology this is pretty stale news. I'm pretty sure this story is technically a shill piece for the products mentioned: Hadoop and Amazon ECC.
Re:At least they're not rolling their own.
on
The DNA Data Deluge
·
· Score: 1
Here's the lowdown on how BZGF works, as one example. In this case, there are many short distinct of DNA being stored together, each with offset and quality information, many of which may be identical. The compression is localized to smaller blocks (I'm not sure if they're 4096-byte disk sectors or something else.) You're right that there's probably some performance lost due to the misalignment, but 6 and 8 line up every 24 bits, so at worst that means patterns of four codons or three bytes—and a step of four amino acids is ideal for alpha helix motifs, so it's not all a loss.
And, yes, regarding individual genomes: I'm pretty sure that'd be all anyone stored if they didn't have to hold onto the FASTQ files for auditability.
Re:At least they're not rolling their own.
on
The DNA Data Deluge
·
· Score: 2
It's a neat thought, but it would never beat the basics. While there are a lot of genes that have common ancestors (called paralogues), the hierarchical history of these genes is often hard to determine or something that pre-dates human speciation; for example, there's only one species (a weird blob a little like a multi-cellular amoeba) that has a single homeobox gene.
While building a complete evolutionary history of gene families is of great interest to science, it's pointless to try exploiting it for compression when we can just turn to standard string methods; as has been mentioned elsewhere on this story, gzip can be faster than the read/write buffer on standard hard drives. Having to replay an evolutionary history we can only guess at would be a royal pain.
That being said, we can store individuals' genomes as something akin to diff patches, which brings 3.1 gigabytes of raw ASCII down to about 4 MB of high-entropy data, even before compression.
Well, if you really need to have that kind of contest...
The data files being discussed are text files generated as summaries of the raw sensor data from the sequencing machine. In the case of Illumina systems, the raw data consists of a huge high-resolution image; different colours in the image are interpreted as different nucleotides, and each pixel is interpreted as the location of a short fragment of DNA. (Think embarrassingly parallel multithreading.)
If we were to keep and store all of this raw data, the storage requirements would probably be a thousand to a million times what they currently are—to say nothing of the other kinds of biological data that's captured on a regular basis, like raw microarray images.
Re:Oddly... I have a clue about this stuff lately
on
The DNA Data Deluge
·
· Score: 1
CNVs actually can be detected if you have enough read depth; it's just that most assemblers are too stupid (or, in computer science terms, "algorithmically beautiful") to account for them. SAMTools can generate a coverage/pileup graph without too much hassle, and it should be obvious where significant differences in copy number occur.
(Also, the human genome is about 3.1 gigabases, so about 3.1 GB in FASTA format. De novo assembles will tend to be smaller because they can't deal with duplications.)
Slashdot Mirror
I know you're just having fun, but (a) plagiarism of storyline has been a fundamental part of storytelling since prehistory, and (b) even if there were laws against being unoriginal, all of the source material is long out of copyright!
The exact number is 3,507. I hope you're now able to sleep well at night.
...and if you're curious, that number is actually extremely low by the standards for this type of experiment; they didn't analyse anywhere near enough data. Metagenomics is supposed to take up gigabytes of disk space; the amount of usable data they got was around 37 MB.
In Canada, the politics of the Conservative Party take on many of the features of the governments of Bush and Reagan, which is why I use the label. I do not intend to imply anything to do with international relations or make any racial or religious accusations; while he does seem to hold a strong pro-Israel perspective, I don't consider this important, and I suppose in retrospect this is probably a misuse of the label on my part.
The comparisons I actually wanted wanted to draw were the following: he's been systematically secretive, created the largest deficit in the country's history, and suppressed environmental science. (He's also raised taxes for the poor and lowered them for corporations, and cut social services, but those aren't a neoconservative affectation as much as it's just regular old small-government conservativism.) And it's the secrecy that's really the issue; no one would ever believe that a Canadian government prior to Harper's would have the Machiavellian wit to organise an effective intelligence-gathering operation.
Like most abuses of power by neocons, we may never know.
Now taking bets on which country will be implicated next in sketchy and/or illegal domestic monitoring.
Jeez, RTFA much? This can write with anything that's vaporizable; dip-pen nanolithography is limited to liquid inks. It's mentioned by name in the story.
That latter part's really changed. At some point MS realised they could get spur adoption by localizing gobs of central Asian languages, and went overboard with expanding the list of supported languages. For the low, low price of a few naive interns, they can easily throw in a few new languages to please their shareholders. As far as maintaining a competitive product goes, it's largely busywork, since adoption is slow (?) and their existing markets are threatened, but it's an understandable mode of retreat for a company going through a midlife crisis where most of the key people have recently left.
The title of the article is "HEAVEN: The head anastomosis venture Project outline for the first human head transplantation with spinal linkage (GEMINI)."
I think the reasoning behind the nomenclature is from the surgeon's perspective: whatever part is smaller is being transplanted. After all, no one contests the term "brain transplant," which has been a figure of (mostly rhetorical and science fiction) speech for some time.
Atlassian boasts that Crowd has more than a thousand corporate users, including the NYSE. Yes, kids, the New York Stock Exchange has internal applications that are affected by this backdoor—along with Sourceforge, Twitter, BMW, Panasonic, Netflix, Zynga...
Yeah, it can be compressed pretty aggressively, as we've discussed elsewhere in this comment thread. However, compression performance has to be balanced with IO speed.
Forget the thousand deaths figure. That has nothing to do with anything. It was just for rhetorical purposes, as an example.
I suppose there's that, too. I'm pretty sure the original blue sex objects were Twi'leks, however.
I really think you're missing the point. The issue scales down just as well; if the bomb had killed no one, it would still be criminal to set it off in a public place because it's dangerous and there is intent to cause harm.
There's legitimacy in identifying it as a distinctive act—if someone sets off a bomb in a public place that is supposed to kill thousands of people, but by fluke it only kills one, you'd have to put the perpetrator down for... how many attempted murders? And of whom? Plus that ignores the possible property damage. The way the law is written, 18 USC sec. 2332a is more of a summary of damages, actual and potential, than some pigeonhole that crimes have to be sandwiched into. In the Tsarnaev case it was added on top of the murder charges. This is another crime separate from those acts.
I hate to break it to you, but no one really digs Andorians. Go back to Star Wars, pal!
If you look at the laws themselves it's a bit weird; 18 USC sec. 2332a seems to introduce the term "weapons of mass destruction" for the sole purpose of re-naming a definition provided in 18 USC sec. 921 called "destructive device," which dates to 1934 at the latest. I'm not savvy enough to figure out when the "WMD" terminology was introduced, but it's at least older than 1996 and seems to serve no purpose other than sounding grandiose.
Of course, that also requires that the patient is unaware of it (unlikely), or that they cannot speak (in which case there's probably a caregiver who does...) I suppose it could happen, but it's pretty combinatorically hard. Antibiotic allergies tend to manifest symptoms that are fairly non-life-threatening and limited by the dose size, they can be tested for in advance if the medical practitioner has cause for concern, and tend to go away as you grow up. That being said, there can be other fairly serious drug allergies, so the point's not moot.
Even within biology this is pretty stale news. I'm pretty sure this story is technically a shill piece for the products mentioned: Hadoop and Amazon ECC.
Here's the lowdown on how BZGF works, as one example. In this case, there are many short distinct of DNA being stored together, each with offset and quality information, many of which may be identical. The compression is localized to smaller blocks (I'm not sure if they're 4096-byte disk sectors or something else.) You're right that there's probably some performance lost due to the misalignment, but 6 and 8 line up every 24 bits, so at worst that means patterns of four codons or three bytes—and a step of four amino acids is ideal for alpha helix motifs, so it's not all a loss.
And, yes, regarding individual genomes: I'm pretty sure that'd be all anyone stored if they didn't have to hold onto the FASTQ files for auditability.
It's a neat thought, but it would never beat the basics. While there are a lot of genes that have common ancestors (called paralogues), the hierarchical history of these genes is often hard to determine or something that pre-dates human speciation; for example, there's only one species (a weird blob a little like a multi-cellular amoeba) that has a single homeobox gene.
While building a complete evolutionary history of gene families is of great interest to science, it's pointless to try exploiting it for compression when we can just turn to standard string methods; as has been mentioned elsewhere on this story, gzip can be faster than the read/write buffer on standard hard drives. Having to replay an evolutionary history we can only guess at would be a royal pain.
That being said, we can store individuals' genomes as something akin to diff patches, which brings 3.1 gigabytes of raw ASCII down to about 4 MB of high-entropy data, even before compression.
Highlights from the bottom of the PayPal Galactic page:
@Stratocumulus: RT @lbillin: #paypalgalactic Incur debt in space! Paypal wants to help http://t.co/cqVsVyCy0B
@JodyYeoh: I visited space and all I got was a probe. #PayPalGalactic
Well, if you really need to have that kind of contest...
The data files being discussed are text files generated as summaries of the raw sensor data from the sequencing machine. In the case of Illumina systems, the raw data consists of a huge high-resolution image; different colours in the image are interpreted as different nucleotides, and each pixel is interpreted as the location of a short fragment of DNA. (Think embarrassingly parallel multithreading.)
If we were to keep and store all of this raw data, the storage requirements would probably be a thousand to a million times what they currently are—to say nothing of the other kinds of biological data that's captured on a regular basis, like raw microarray images.
CNVs actually can be detected if you have enough read depth; it's just that most assemblers are too stupid (or, in computer science terms, "algorithmically beautiful") to account for them. SAMTools can generate a coverage/pileup graph without too much hassle, and it should be obvious where significant differences in copy number occur.
(Also, the human genome is about 3.1 gigabases, so about 3.1 GB in FASTA format. De novo assembles will tend to be smaller because they can't deal with duplications.)
I think you mean "exciting and hitherto unleveraged microwaveable coaster opportunities."
Wait, I've heard this one before.