Someone needs to mod the above up; it's important. I would have rephrased the post to reflect that this was NOT the first image of a brown dwarf orbiting a star if I knew about it before I submitted the comment.
On closer examination, the Gemini North press release does not claim to be the first to image a brown dwarf; from the site:"The faint companion is separated from its parent star by less than the distance between the Sun and the planet Uranus and is the smallest separation brown dwarf companion seen with direct imaging". It is only the CNN story that incorrectly claims this.....Hmmmm perhaps a notification is in order.
Re:Where do guys like you come from?
on
Monsanto and PCBs
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· Score: 2
"But from my searches, based on the thousands of documents collected over the last thirty years from every imaginable level of the medical/scientific/governmental community, the conclusion you reached seems to me, frankly, ill-considered to say the least. It seems to me that you are jumping very, very quickly to pre-set conclusions, your thought processes masquerading under the guise of scientific rationale. Sorry Charlie. You may have read a few clever books, but Real scientists aren't made into fools by the P.R. jockeys."
Sooo... where are all these gobs of documents revealing the truth about aspartame's purported cyanide like toxcicity?
Ugh, if you ask me Canadians are even more nauseatingly patriotic than us Americans. We've been doing nuclear astrophysics experiments for decades already and with cooler looking instruments too! ha! take that Canada!
Looking closely at the bottom of the page reveals the article's infamous origin:
"PLEASE MENTION NEW SCIENTIST AS THE SOURCE OF THIS STORY AND, IF PUBLISHING ONLINE, PLEASE CARRY A HYPERLINK TO: www.newscientist.com"
You see, New Scientist is a tabloid like sensationalistic uncredible rag. Trusting scientific information from New Scientist is like asking your auntie May who's an LPN to perform brain surgery on you.
For instance one glaring oversight in the article:"To decide whether or not the nanotubes really are superconductors, you need to measure the resistance through a single tube, Alexandrov says."
Alexandrov is apparently the only theoretical physicist left in the world who didnt see the Science article 6 months ago finding that nanotubes superconduct. He also incorrectly states that "Superconductivity theories do not forbid the phenomenon at very high temperatures" this is totally incorect. Type one superconductors have a limit of about 40K and there are theories placing the upper limit of type II superconductors at 200K.
Could you possibly have chosen a more incoherent and factually incorrect submission for posting? The atmosphere is not mostly sodium as "b-side.org" seemingly just guessed. The reason sodium was measured is because it is relatively easy to detect. NASA has a more informative story.
when the alpha particle is emitted it will have a +2 charge and have high kinetic energy. As it flys through it's invironment it rips surrounding electrons from thier nuclei creating ions which no longer hold the covalent bonds in thier respective molecules and the molecule decomposes with it's charged shards flying apart.
Incidentally this is the same process that can kill the cell by creating toxic/useless molecular (ie. DNA or protien) fragments in the alpha particle's wake.
...a site with large (desktop size) images of super-k? some of those pics on the homepage look like they'd make unbelieveably cool desktop backgrounds, if only they were bigger.
"The on-board recording system is composed of two solid state recorders (SSR) with 70 Gbits capacity each, and one tape recorder (TR), 30 Gbits capacity as back up for low rate data recording."
How cute, someone's taking their required intro. to physics class. I regret to inform however, that you are still dead wrong. I am quite aware of Plank's law and Wien peaks etc. If you just look the curve for blackbody radiators on that page you linked to, it becomes instantly obvious that the curve is not a perfect parabola and in fact (with the effect increasing with temperature) drops off to the asymptote so quickly from the peak toward shorter wavelengths that it is effectively radiating 0 energy above a certain level.
It dosen't matter how many equations you fill your post with, you are still violating thermo. law with the assumption that blackbodies emit at ALL wavelenghts. This is due to the fact that as you stated, EM emission is quantized!!
Let's take the example you gave for an emitter at 5000 Kelvins. You were right(close) that it will peak at an emission of 578 nanometers, giving white light; fine. Now apply the value of 5000K to the plank energy distribution formula to derive the power emitted at....oh lets say 10^20 Hz (gamma rays), (this corresponds to a wavelength of ~1 picometer in the gamma ray range and, according to you, this must be emitted by the spark); you get: Power=[2*3.14159265 st*speed of light^2]/[10^-12 meters^5*(e^(6.626 x 10^-34*c/10^-12 meters*boltzmann const of 1.38 x 10^-23*5000K))]=3.7469e-16/1*10^60(2.7182818^86426 0869565217*-1). Honestly, I don't have a supercomputer handy to calculate that exponent, but the HUGE denominator obviously restricts the amount of energy in Joules emitted at that wavelength (gamma) to FAR FAR below the energy needed to emit even one quanta of 10^-12 meter radiation. ie. it dosen't radiate anything at that wavelength, ever. You would be emitting more energy from the blackbody that would exist in it to begin with. It dosen't happen.
You do not get x-ray emission from ordinary electrical sparks such as from fuses.
Yes you get RF emission and visible light and even a substantial amount of UV. But if you knew anything about the EM spectrum that you mentioned in your post, you would know that x-ray photons are a thousand times more energetic than UV photons and the puny spark in a blown fuse at household current could not possibly create x-rays.
The Z-machine at Sandia National Labs uses up to 20 Million amperes!! to pinch its plasma fusion experiments. In order to create x-rays from a pinch you need to heat the plasma in the pinch to millions of degrees celsius; the x-rays are produced by hot plasma radiating its energy through bremsstrahlung emission and the nuclei-electron recombination time during plasma cooling.
It may help to think of a(kindof) common result of the pinch effect. In arc welding, if you get just the right setup with enough current at the weld and a molten bit of metal it will splatter the metal everywhere because of the pinch effect.
The pinch effect is created by the strong axial magnetic field created by the current flowing through the material in question. See here for illustrations of magnetic fields. In the case of the article they used two crossed wires which were vaporized to a plasma(therefore still conducting like a wire) by high current. You can picture the strong magnetic field wraping cylindrically around (and squeezing inward with increasing current) the vaporized wire/plasma's axis. At the intersection of the two wires there would then be a small bubble of highly compressed plasma which is heated to extremely high temperatures, as the plasma cools there is a fast plasma "recombination" where the electrons rejoin their nuclei and emit a fast burst of x-rays.
(IANAP so if someone here is, and there is a mistake anywhere feel free to correct me)
If you instead picture an annular array of wires(eg. 10-20 wires) rather than two crossed wires than you can see that the individual magnetic fields of the wires combine into one huge axial field. This is the so called Z-pinch (because the magnetic field is in the "z" axis). These are the pinches used to initiate thermonuclear fusion in machines like this.
As an aside: Sandia used to use an X-Pinch to "backlight" implosion experiments on the Z-Machine with x-rays so that they may be imaged. Recently they upgraded this setup with a more reliable method of x-ray backlighting using ultrahigh power laser pulses to heat a metal foil target that then creates x-rays. The place where I work supplied the laser parts.
I doubt the problem of cataloging new asteroids lies with the actual finding of them. A simple image blinking discovery method would consume a trivial amount of computing resources. I'd suspect the tedious portions of the cataloging are due to the measurement of the angle/direction the asteroid moves in relation to the imaged field, it's correlation to the orientation the telescope was in at the instant it took the image, the time of year it was taken, the location of the observer, etc. and the calculations required to derive the asteroids actual orbit from these data. However I don't see why all that cant be computerized and automated with sensors (gps, atomic clock time, telescope orientation sensors, orbit calculation algorythms etc.) so that people are only needed to maintain the equipment. All that really needs to be invented is the software.
I'm mostly convinced by the article that what they saw was a form of sonoluminescence and not Bioluminescence. The flashes of light from Bioluminescent organisms is fairly long in duration [this research describes "an extremely short flash of light" typical of sonoluminescence] since it is a chemical reaction mediated by catalysts in the cells of the light emitting organism.
I would suggest that for absolute proof of sonoluminescence as the origin of light in this case; that the researchers dissolve a quantity of Xenon or Helium in the seawater and note if the brightness of the flashes increases. Noble gasses are (obviously) not biologically active and would have no influence on Bioluminescence intensity but dissolving a Noble gas in a sonoluminescence liquid dramatically increases it's light emission.
bleach + ammonia rxn as an above poster points out does not form Cl2 gas but N2H2.
I think the problem is that many housewives just don't know their chemistry very well (for shame!). The reaction that produces Cl2 gas and sometimes kills when produced in great enough portion is Bleach + Toilet Bowl Cleanser (like TidyBowl) which often contains hydrochloric acid. It is: NaClO + HCl --> Cl2(gas) + NaOH (aq.).
This reaction afforded me with endless hours of fun experementation when I found out how to do it as a kid(Cl2 gas has lots of spontaneous cool reactions with common household items).
Slashdot Mirror
It orbits 14 AU away from it's star, it's orbital period is at least decades long.
Someone needs to mod the above up; it's important. I would have rephrased the post to reflect that this was NOT the first image of a brown dwarf orbiting a star if I knew about it before I submitted the comment.
On closer examination, the Gemini North press release does not claim to be the first to image a brown dwarf; from the site:"The faint companion is separated from its parent star by less than the distance between the Sun and the planet Uranus and is the smallest separation brown dwarf companion seen with direct imaging". It is only the CNN story that incorrectly claims this.....Hmmmm perhaps a notification is in order.
"But from my searches, based on the thousands of documents collected over the last thirty years from every imaginable level of the medical/scientific/governmental community, the conclusion you reached seems to me, frankly, ill-considered to say the least. It seems to me that you are jumping very, very quickly to pre-set conclusions, your thought processes masquerading under the guise of scientific rationale. Sorry Charlie. You may have read a few clever books, but Real scientists aren't made into fools by the P.R. jockeys."
Sooo... where are all these gobs of documents revealing the truth about aspartame's purported cyanide like toxcicity?
"...or combine the medical side of it and pump your own body fluids through your cpu - ooah. scary."
'OH NO! He's crashing!.. Code Blue!'
takes on brand new meanings!
Ugh, if you ask me Canadians are even more nauseatingly patriotic than us Americans. We've been doing nuclear astrophysics experiments for decades already and with cooler looking instruments too! ha! take that Canada!
blech, that first picture on the "starshine 2" link is more startling than goatse.cx.
Oh, yes.
But you already are. It's called the hydrologic cycle. Sure there are a few bugs to work out, but its extremely stable!
another gay male interested in physics? impossible I say.
Looking closely at the bottom of the page reveals the article's infamous origin:
"PLEASE MENTION NEW SCIENTIST AS THE SOURCE OF THIS STORY AND, IF PUBLISHING ONLINE, PLEASE CARRY A HYPERLINK TO: www.newscientist.com"
You see, New Scientist is a tabloid like sensationalistic uncredible rag. Trusting scientific information from New Scientist is like asking your auntie May who's an LPN to perform brain surgery on you.
For instance one glaring oversight in the article:"To decide whether or not the nanotubes really are superconductors, you need to measure the resistance through a single tube, Alexandrov says."
Alexandrov is apparently the only theoretical physicist left in the world who didnt see the Science article 6 months ago finding that nanotubes superconduct. He also incorrectly states that "Superconductivity theories do not forbid the phenomenon at very high temperatures" this is totally incorect. Type one superconductors have a limit of about 40K and there are theories placing the upper limit of type II superconductors at 200K.
Could you possibly have chosen a more incoherent and factually incorrect submission for posting? The atmosphere is not mostly sodium as "b-side.org" seemingly just guessed. The reason sodium was measured is because it is relatively easy to detect. NASA has a more informative story.
it's not a troll genius, it's called, say it with me now, satire. there ya go, saaa-tiiire. good. tomorrow's lesson, numbers.
yes, helpfully; it suggests i should observe from the middle of lake ontario.
when the alpha particle is emitted it will have a +2 charge and have high kinetic energy. As it flys through it's invironment it rips surrounding electrons from thier nuclei creating ions which no longer hold the covalent bonds in thier respective molecules and the molecule decomposes with it's charged shards flying apart.
Incidentally this is the same process that can kill the cell by creating toxic/useless molecular (ie. DNA or protien) fragments in the alpha particle's wake.
And how many people who actually use the internet still use the phrase "i'm going to surf the net".
...a site with large (desktop size) images of super-k? some of those pics on the homepage look like they'd make unbelieveably cool desktop backgrounds, if only they were bigger.
says here that:
"The on-board recording system is composed of two solid state recorders (SSR) with 70 Gbits capacity each, and one tape recorder (TR), 30 Gbits capacity as back up for low rate data recording."
It's about halfway down the page.
How cute, someone's taking their required intro. to physics class. I regret to inform however, that you are still dead wrong. I am quite aware of Plank's law and Wien peaks etc. If you just look the curve for blackbody radiators on that page you linked to, it becomes instantly obvious that the curve is not a perfect parabola and in fact (with the effect increasing with temperature) drops off to the asymptote so quickly from the peak toward shorter wavelengths that it is effectively radiating 0 energy above a certain level.
6 0869565217*-1). Honestly, I don't have a supercomputer handy to calculate that exponent, but the HUGE denominator obviously restricts the amount of energy in Joules emitted at that wavelength (gamma) to FAR FAR below the energy needed to emit even one quanta of 10^-12 meter radiation. ie. it dosen't radiate anything at that wavelength, ever. You would be emitting more energy from the blackbody that would exist in it to begin with. It dosen't happen.
It dosen't matter how many equations you fill your post with, you are still violating thermo. law with the assumption that blackbodies emit at ALL wavelenghts. This is due to the fact that as you stated, EM emission is quantized!!
Let's take the example you gave for an emitter at 5000 Kelvins. You were right(close) that it will peak at an emission of 578 nanometers, giving white light; fine. Now apply the value of 5000K to the plank energy distribution formula to derive the power emitted at....oh lets say 10^20 Hz (gamma rays), (this corresponds to a wavelength of ~1 picometer in the gamma ray range and, according to you, this must be emitted by the spark); you get: Power=[2*3.14159265 st*speed of light^2]/[10^-12 meters^5*(e^(6.626 x 10^-34*c/10^-12 meters*boltzmann const of 1.38 x 10^-23*5000K))]=3.7469e-16/1*10^60(2.7182818^8642
You do not get x-ray emission from ordinary electrical sparks such as from fuses.
Yes you get RF emission and visible light and even a substantial amount of UV. But if you knew anything about the EM spectrum that you mentioned in your post, you would know that x-ray photons are a thousand times more energetic than UV photons and the puny spark in a blown fuse at household current could not possibly create x-rays.
The Z-machine at Sandia National Labs uses up to 20 Million amperes!! to pinch its plasma fusion experiments. In order to create x-rays from a pinch you need to heat the plasma in the pinch to millions of degrees celsius; the x-rays are produced by hot plasma radiating its energy through bremsstrahlung emission and the nuclei-electron recombination time during plasma cooling.
It may help to think of a(kindof) common result of the pinch effect. In arc welding, if you get just the right setup with enough current at the weld and a molten bit of metal it will splatter the metal everywhere because of the pinch effect.
The pinch effect is created by the strong axial magnetic field created by the current flowing through the material in question. See here for illustrations of magnetic fields. In the case of the article they used two crossed wires which were vaporized to a plasma(therefore still conducting like a wire) by high current. You can picture the strong magnetic field wraping cylindrically around (and squeezing inward with increasing current) the vaporized wire/plasma's axis. At the intersection of the two wires there would then be a small bubble of highly compressed plasma which is heated to extremely high temperatures, as the plasma cools there is a fast plasma "recombination" where the electrons rejoin their nuclei and emit a fast burst of x-rays.
(IANAP so if someone here is, and there is a mistake anywhere feel free to correct me)
If you instead picture an annular array of wires(eg. 10-20 wires) rather than two crossed wires than you can see that the individual magnetic fields of the wires combine into one huge axial field. This is the so called Z-pinch (because the magnetic field is in the "z" axis). These are the pinches used to initiate thermonuclear fusion in machines like this.
As an aside: Sandia used to use an X-Pinch to "backlight" implosion experiments on the Z-Machine with x-rays so that they may be imaged. Recently they upgraded this setup with a more reliable method of x-ray backlighting using ultrahigh power laser pulses to heat a metal foil target that then creates x-rays. The place where I work supplied the laser parts.
I doubt the problem of cataloging new asteroids lies with the actual finding of them. A simple image blinking discovery method would consume a trivial amount of computing resources. I'd suspect the tedious portions of the cataloging are due to the measurement of the angle/direction the asteroid moves in relation to the imaged field, it's correlation to the orientation the telescope was in at the instant it took the image, the time of year it was taken, the location of the observer, etc. and the calculations required to derive the asteroids actual orbit from these data. However I don't see why all that cant be computerized and automated with sensors (gps, atomic clock time, telescope orientation sensors, orbit calculation algorythms etc.) so that people are only needed to maintain the equipment. All that really needs to be invented is the software.
I'm mostly convinced by the article that what they saw was a form of sonoluminescence and not Bioluminescence. The flashes of light from Bioluminescent organisms is fairly long in duration [this research describes "an extremely short flash of light" typical of sonoluminescence] since it is a chemical reaction mediated by catalysts in the cells of the light emitting organism.
I would suggest that for absolute proof of sonoluminescence as the origin of light in this case; that the researchers dissolve a quantity of Xenon or Helium in the seawater and note if the brightness of the flashes increases. Noble gasses are (obviously) not biologically active and would have no influence on Bioluminescence intensity but dissolving a Noble gas in a sonoluminescence liquid dramatically increases it's light emission.
satellite is out of range at T+18 minutes. Next pass is in 1 hour over Kenya. Spaceflightnow has a status center here http://www.spaceflightnow.com/athena/kodiakstar/st atus.html
Apparently you can send them materials you want "fulguritized"! neat!
On an offtopic note it took about 10 goddamn tries to get this through the lameness filter. good work guys.
bleach + ammonia rxn as an above poster points out does not form Cl2 gas but N2H2.
I think the problem is that many housewives just don't know their chemistry very well (for shame!). The reaction that produces Cl2 gas and sometimes kills when produced in great enough portion is Bleach + Toilet Bowl Cleanser (like TidyBowl) which often contains hydrochloric acid. It is: NaClO + HCl --> Cl2(gas) + NaOH (aq.).
This reaction afforded me with endless hours of fun experementation when I found out how to do it as a kid(Cl2 gas has lots of spontaneous cool reactions with common household items).