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  1. Re:Governments need the source code on The Man Behind Munich's Migration of 15,000 PCs From Windows To Linux · · Score: 1

    Linux takes contributions from a basically anonymous group of international contributors. It seems to me extremely naive to believe that there are no intentional backdoors built into Linux by every single spy agency,

    It would be extremely naive to believe they don't try. And if they are subtle enough, like the openssl issue these back doors can even skirt by for a while... not saying that openssl was intentional. The issue is that it would be extremely naive to think that both closed source and open source are not subject to the same issues of intentional back doors and coding mistakes.

    The difference is that with the whole world able to view the source code there is a much greater chance of discovering these issues in open source software versus a select few being privy to the source code of windows where there could be any number of purposeful back doors and software flaws. So there are two problems. One that there aren't enough eyeballs on the code. And two, the people that do get to look at the code might be in on the backdoors or otherwise might have an incentive to keep the problems to themselves.

  2. Re:Governments need the source code on The Man Behind Munich's Migration of 15,000 PCs From Windows To Linux · · Score: 1

    The US government is actually staffed by tens of thousands of computer professionals. The problem is that only a select few get to analyze the Windows source code for problems.

    Here is an even better idea. Just give people iPads or android tablets and forget about desktop OSes altogether unless you are running specialized software for engineering or something specific. In which case you can probably run Linux or Macs.

  3. Re:TAANSTAFL. on The Man Behind Munich's Migration of 15,000 PCs From Windows To Linux · · Score: 1

    At the cost of maintaining your own IT department or an ongoing contract with a third party.

    Yes, because Windows just runs fine without IT departments? Talk to me when everyone is issued smartphones instead of computers and then you might have a point.

  4. Re:As Successful as the Kellogg-Briand Pact on The Struggle To Ban Killer Robots · · Score: 1

    Unenforceable treaties are actually worse than worthless: they constrain good actors without deterring bad ones.

    If I hadn't already commented, then I would mod you up. But the counterpoint is that there still could be some deterrent effect and that deterring good actors will at least let you tell the difference... but I don't buy that argument either. Ultimately it is about who will be charged with a war crime by whichever side wins or how to come up with rules that most people can follow.

    In this case I don't think it is the technology that can or should be banned, but the use case of just indiscriminately unleashing a device that is going to kill people or cause destruction. I think some of the same rules of indiscriminate use of force should apply to the decision to turn on a killer robot. If you have an intended particular target and some notion of how the robot is going to destroy that target, then to me that is no different than the decision to fire a gun, a smart munition or anything else. If the robot malfunctions and causes civilian casualties, then there is no criminal liability. On the other hand if you press that same On button in a crowded market where you know or should know that the robot isn't smart enough to know the difference between civilians and enemy combatants, then you are committing a crime or a war crime. Drop that same robot in a terrorist camp where you have confirmed that there are no civilians present then it is no different than dropping a dumb bomb, but it could be more targeted. Again it isn't the technology, but it would be the indiscriminate use of that technology that is the issue.

  5. Re:Likewise on The Struggle To Ban Killer Robots · · Score: 1

    Take a heat seeking missile for instance. It is designed to "decide" to blow up something that matches a certain heat signature. Or a radar guided missile. It is designed to track, follow and destroy something that matches a certain radar profile. There is no meaningful technical or ethical difference between firing such a missile and turning on a ground or air robot that is designed to destroy something or someone that matches some sort of profile. You are "releasing" the weapon when you turn the robot on or give it the command which turns on the part which gives the robot or autonomous vehicle the ability to engage a target and destroy it.

    The real difference would be the circumstance of the decision to engage and destroy some particular target. A specific plane or specific building or a specific person when you launch it, versus just turning on a killer robot to perform guard duty which could mean you are using it more like a land mine than an offensive weapon.

    Given this it seems like it would be better to outlaw more generally unleashing some autonomous robot/weapon with destructive capability without a specifically targeted combatant individual, building or vehicle. Which follows naturally from the indiscriminate use of force doctrine. Basically if the robot is going to be used like a land mine then it is illegal, but if it is going to be used like a cruise missile or a radar guided missile then it is legal.

  6. Re:Governments need the source code on The Man Behind Munich's Migration of 15,000 PCs From Windows To Linux · · Score: 4, Interesting

    And at this point you have to ask whether the NSA took a look at the code for the Pentagon and found some holes and diligently reported them back to Microsoft to get them fixed... or did they certify the code figuring it was better to know about the vulnerabilities and be able to exploit them than to try and fix them? I think the track record here is that relying on the NSA to certify windows at least in some way has been an exercise in balancing an inherent conflict of interest. And in terms of institutional self interest it seems that the NSA is going to be more on the hook for what they can find out through surveillance than what kind of compromises of US computers there are on their watch. That combined with monthly patches creates a moving target that is probably well beyond the capabilities of even hundreds of dedicated people to adequately keep up with. In that environment finding a few holes out of perhaps many and exploiting them, at least for some period of time before reporting them, is clearly in the NSA's institutional best interest even if that means leaving the DOD and Industry more vulnerable. Even the latest directive from the Obama administration left that door wide open... saying that the NSA only had to report security vulnerabilities if they couldn't be used in the interest of national security... so basically publicly confirming the NSA policy of finding vulnerabilities and not reporting them because they can use them for their own surveillance activities.

  7. Governments need the source code on The Man Behind Munich's Migration of 15,000 PCs From Windows To Linux · · Score: 4, Insightful

    At this point I am surprised that any government would trust a compiled OS that they can't effectively scan for any ease dropping code, intentional back doors or just vulnerabilities. Sure they can monitor the network to see if it is doing something obvious, but with a compiled OS it could be wide open to be compromised with either a back door or some code to send data off someplace and you would likely never know it. At least with Linux you can maintain your own verified version based on the source code. Of course even with wide open source code you get security issues... like openssl. But without the source code there could be a thousand of those types of vulnerabilities and only insiders at Microsoft could know about them. Maybe for most people it is a non-issue, but for governments and large corporations that level of pants around the ankles situation can have very big implications to national security and the economy.

  8. Section 215 is the problem on ACLU and EFF Endorse Weaker USA Freedom Act Passed By Committee · · Score: 3, Informative

    The real problem is section 215 or anything like it. Which is what the government has been using to confiscate all sorts of records that companies that you do business with might keep. Limiting just phone calls misses 99.9999% of what the government might want to collect moving forward.

    Section 215 is the provision which they have interpreted to mean every and all records collected by a business... server logs, router logs, email logs, credit card transactions, cable tv viewing data, car transponder data, car location data (as now collected by private companies and bought by the police), bank records, facebook friends lists, pictures you upload, library records etc etc etc. Basically everything that any company you do business with or knows about you could possibly think of putting in a database.

    So on the face of this Congress really needs to enumerate the things that can be collected instead of leaving in a provision that seems to allow them to collect everything and then only restrict one particularly type of record

    Maybe the ACLU and EFF are just trying to make a career out of this law. Because in another couple years we are going to hear about how they are collecting another type of data under section 215 and then the ACLU and EFF are going to be up in arms over it and fundraising to stop it. Guys, just hold the line and oppose section 215 or any insidious replacement of it. You can still support the two-hop limitation, but oppose the bill.

  9. 99.9999% still unconstitutional on ACLU and EFF Endorse Weaker USA Freedom Act Passed By Committee · · Score: 1

    Leaving section 215 in place without limitation means that the government can still order companies to hand over all their records. According to this report the only limitation now is going to be this two hop restriction on phone records which is likely to be narrowly construed to mean just phone calls and not text messages or location data or credit card transaction records or server logs or router logs or facebook friends lists or pictures you have uploaded, or files you store in the cloud, etc etc.

    Calling this an "imperfect solution" is being very very misleading. This isn't a solution it is a lie.

  10. Section 215 means they can collect everything on ACLU and EFF Endorse Weaker USA Freedom Act Passed By Committee · · Score: 3, Informative

    "extends the controversial Section 215 of the Patriot Act from 2015 through 2017."

    Section 215 is the provision which they have interpreted to mean every and all records collected by a business... server logs, router logs, email logs, credit card transactions, cable tv viewing data, car transponder data, car location data (as now collected by private companies and bought by the police), bank records, facebook friends lists, pictures you upload, library records etc etc etc. Basically everything that any company you do business with or knows about you could possibly think of putting in a database.

    Putting a 2 hop limitation on phone records misses 99.9% of the types of records government surveillance will be interested in collecting and aggregating moving forward. Might as well put a telegraph limitation in there or a horse and buggy surveillance limitation and call it "restraint".

  11. Re:All about the Eurasian Union on Actual Results of Crimean Secession Vote Leaked · · Score: 1

    Just from what is public knowledge a US "diplomat" was caught on a wiretap discussing US efforts to organize a new government including leaders of the protest movement.... long before the previous government was driven out of the capital. So I don't see how this is a controversial statement that the US was helping to organize the protestors and form them into a government acceptable to the US and how that would be encouraging to the protestors. I mean we have an actual audio recording of a US diplomat doing so... it really doesn't get any clearer. In the past you would have to infer that the US had people on the ground... now you can actually listen to one on youtube.

    Also, the prior Secretary of State made it clear that preventing the Eurasian Union from coming together was a goal of US foreign policy.... I believe the quote was "well that isn't going to happen" and add in Hillary Clinton's trademark sarcastic tone from the video. I was pretty surprised actually how blatant and open she was about preventing sovereign nations from entering into alliances even if those alliances might be competitive to the US. It really seemed like am attitude which was a throwback to the old Cold War. Like an old dog looking to pick a fight, just because.

    So the part about the US trying to block the Eurasian Union is a matter of public record and stated US foreign policy. Again no extraordinary claim, just stated US foreign policy or at least a stated US position that likely reflects the thinking in the state department about the Eurasian Union and Putin's aspirations for a broader alliance. And the part about the US being knee deep in organizing the leadership of the protest movement into a prospective new government is a matter of public record now... not sure what further citation would be necessary from your perspective.

    Or are you just quibbling over the use of the word "foment" versus a more benign word like "organize". Because I think it is clear that helping to organize the protest leaders into a new government would help to stir up and encourage those protests. Of course the protests were and are based on real internal Ukrainian problems and endemic public corruption, just as the discontent with the central Kiev government in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine was and is real even with Russia's involvement. But I would still say that Russia is fomenting the protests and separatism there just as the US fomented the protests in Kiev. Which is why the motivations of Russia and the US are at play and not just the local aspirations of Ukrainians and Russians for a better local government.

  12. Re:All about the Eurasian Union on Actual Results of Crimean Secession Vote Leaked · · Score: 1

    And this is where I lost your train of thought, because it sounds like you read just enough of a history book to know what has happened before, but didn't read enough of them to realize that nations aren't people. They don't have long memories, and they don't act consistently.

    Nations are people, that is all they are. Lot's and lots of people acting with their own motivations, their own perspectives and their own base assumptions. Which is why nations don't act consistently. But that doesn't mean they can't be understood.

    The underlying point was simply that US foreign policy has been too narrowly focused on Ukraine and blocking Putin from forming the Eurasian Union and has failed to see the bigger picture. My point is simply that the US has overplayed its hand and it is not in our best long, short or medium term interest to weaken Russia further with either real sanctions or other destabilizing actions. The overthrow in Kiev was a win for the EU and the US (without any realistic prospect that there will suddenly be a less corrupt government in Kiev), but what may have seemed like a simple move on the chess board in the halls of Langley is closer to an existential threat to a Russia that is surrounded by very very big nations that need Russia's resources. The math is the math and Russia needs to be bigger in population and military in order to defend itself effectively against threats from the bigger nations to the West, the South and the East which will likely always need its resources but may not always be willing to pay its prices.

    I really don't know what is the best solution for Ukraine right now. But it does seem like some sort of compromise with at least some measure of local autonomy would be the best way for both sides to save face and defuse the crisis and so we can start to try and repair relations.

  13. Re:All about the Eurasian Union on Actual Results of Crimean Secession Vote Leaked · · Score: 4, Informative

    The only US involvement was in the legitimization of the leader of the new government, which was the subject of the leaked wiretap by the FSB, where the American Ambassador says "f* the EU".

    Except that was well before there was a new government... So a US "diplomat" trying to help organize a new government in Kiev while the old one is still in power is actually pretty clear evidence of US government involvement.

  14. All about the Eurasian Union on Actual Results of Crimean Secession Vote Leaked · · Score: 5, Insightful

    There is a blatant information war going on on both sides of this.

    Here is basically what is going on:

    1. 1) US/EU has been actively trying to keep Russia from forming an Eurasian Union with some of the members of the former Soviet Union. (most probably because the people running US/EU foreign policy grew up with the Soviet Union and are afraid of repeating the cold war)
    2. 2) Russia pressured/bribed Ukraine to move towards the Russia side after a brief foray towards the EU.
    3. 3) The EU/US fomented an overthrow of the government in Ukraine probably facilitated by covert operations in order to prevent the Eurasian Union from coming together with Ukraine as its economic crossroad to Europe.
    4. 4) Russia tried to salvage something out of this collapse of the pro-Russian government by grabbing Crimea with its majority Russian population.
    5. 5) Russia is now fomenting separatists in Eastern Ukraine using the same tactics the CIA used in Kiev and the US/EU doesn't like it.

    ....

    Next) Either Russia invades and annexes Eastern Ukraine following the Crimea model or they simply foment separatism which either succeeds in splitting the country or causes a bloody crackdown by Kiev which further de-legitimizes that interim government.

    - Probably China is cheer leading this US/EU/Russia split on because if the EU and Russia are forced further apart, then it forces resource rich Russia towards China which needs all the wood/oil/natural gas/mining that Russia has to offer to sustain its manufacturing economy and China doesn't want a strong Eurasian Union coming together either. This has already started with announcements of greater cooperation with China.

    I think the bitter irony in all this is that the foreign policy leaders in the West that are so afraid of repeating the Cold War are precipitating something like it now because of that fear. Russia has every right to be concerned that it is stuck between a growing EU and China and that it needs to build up its own alliance in the middle. Their historical lesson is that a Europe united under Germany is a threat. It seems to me that the EU and US are being very shortsighted to have undercut Putin so blatantly and overtly in Ukraine. The US and EU needs a strong Russia and something like a Eurasian Alliance to counterbalance China to the East. If anything the EU should have invited Russia to join it to form an even greater Union that would be a direct counterbalance to China instead of just leaving Russia as a buffer state.

  15. Re:Obvious on For the First Time Ever, the FAA Is Trying To Fine a Drone Hobbyist · · Score: 0

    I just watched the video. Depending on the size of this toy helicopter I don't see much of anything reckless about this. He stayed well below the tops of the surrounding buildings. The toy probably had some sort of protective plastic ring around the rotors so even bumping into a building because of some wind gust probably wouldn't have even scratched the windows. And landing 20 feet away from someone is not even close. I wouldn't have done it because of the risk of overreaction with all those people around and the thing is noisy, but the reality is that this was no more risky, dangerous or reckless than riding a bicycle down the street or playing with marbles on the sidewalk.

  16. Re:OK... so the devil is in the details on For the First Time Ever, the FAA Is Trying To Fine a Drone Hobbyist · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I think the FAA has jurisdiction over anything that flies.

    I think that we need Congress to step in and limit the FAAs jurisdiction to above 500 feet and above a certain size. Giving the FAA jurisdiction over frisbees, bows and arrows or toys with propellers is an absurd use of Federal government regulations and a complete waste of resources for them to be trolling You Tube for videos for accidents with toys that didn't actually cause any serious harm.

  17. Re: Gun nuts on "Smart" Gun Seller Gets the Wrong Kind of Online Attention · · Score: 1

    We would all be better off without the need for guns or weapons, but we haven't figured out how to make that work yet so the next best thing is to be prepared to defend yourself in the hope you never will.

  18. Re: They're nuts but right on "Smart" Gun Seller Gets the Wrong Kind of Online Attention · · Score: 1

    Yes I think the anti gun laws of the 1920s were a big factor which allowed Hitler to rise to power. He could have never used such level of petty street thuggery against an armed population before he came to power. It isn't about a lone gun against tanks and planes, then it is obviously too late, it is about not being afraid of the guy with a steel pipe that wants you to vote for that well spoken young fellow with the neatly trimmed mustache.

  19. Re:They're nuts but right on "Smart" Gun Seller Gets the Wrong Kind of Online Attention · · Score: 2

    At least the autos are bringing a clear benefit to society. Guns, not so much. They are heavily restricted in most of Europe, and we do just fine.

    You do just fine... except for the occasional genocide and periodic continental war where millions and millions of people die. Pretty sure that is not a good trade off.

  20. Re:They're nuts but right on "Smart" Gun Seller Gets the Wrong Kind of Online Attention · · Score: 1

    What if your gun is stolen and used in a crime?

    Well that is the beauty of these magical electronic gun locks.... it will now be prima facie evidence that you committed the crime because how could anyone steal your gun, figure out how to disable an electronic device and use your gun in a crime. Police won't even have to leave the donut shop to solve that one.

  21. Re:Gun nuts on "Smart" Gun Seller Gets the Wrong Kind of Online Attention · · Score: 1

    Actually it is pretty clear from the historical context that the reference to militias has an intended double meaning. Militias made up of local citizenry are both necessary to the common defense and therefore must be armed and armed militias are recognized as a danger to liberty so they must be regulated by an armed citizenry.

  22. Re:A firearm that depends on a battery? on "Smart" Gun Seller Gets the Wrong Kind of Online Attention · · Score: 1

    A pacemaker that depends on a battery? No way I would rely on such a device!

    Well, I certainly wouldn't install one if I already had a perfectly good heart.

  23. Re:News helicopters on Drone Camera Tornado Coverage Raises Press Freedom Questions · · Score: 1

    Government usually doesn't make money from a regulatory shakedown, corrupt individuals do when they take bribes to circumvent the rules they made and enforce and/or they make money when they leave government to go into private industry and are rewarded for their "service" and their knowledge of how to make money in and around the corrupt system they helped create.

    When a rule is purely based on commercial use and has absolutely no safety justification, not even a remotely reasonable one, then yes I think an accusation of blatant corruption is appropriate and likely.

    We are talking about for the most part glorified toys that any 13 year old can buy at the mall and take home and fly around. To prevent news organizations from using those same toys to take pictures from the air or to prohibit any other intended commercial use of aerial photography is about as perverse a use of regulatory authority as I've ever seen and does cross a line the FAA had never crossed before.

    The judge was right to throw out that rule and I hope the FAA will just drop that particular rule altogether rather than try and rewrite it.

  24. Re:Gun nuts on "Smart" Gun Seller Gets the Wrong Kind of Online Attention · · Score: 1

    The meaning of a "well regulated militia" in the 2nd amendment is that it is necessary to have a well regulated militia... and the only way that the people can effectively regulate that militia is by being armed themselves. The argument of the day was whether to even allow for a standing army at all. The red coats were seen as a bunch of free loading thugs who could show up at your house armed and demand that you give them shelter and feed them. It was a compromise to recognize the necessity of having militias for the common defense, but that to regulate a group of armed men would require that people themselves also be armed.

    The second amendment isn't about arming a militia, the second amendment is about balance of power. A right of the people to bear arms is about balancing the need to live in a peaceful society with the needs of the individuals to defend themselves, their property and their families.

  25. Re:Police and military? on "Smart" Gun Seller Gets the Wrong Kind of Online Attention · · Score: 1

    They are a different usage case, and military acceptance shouldn't be a lynchpin in acceptance of this saftey measure, the market place should be.

    Agreed on the marketplace. And that was my point. Right now you have a set of politicians and anti-2nd amendment activists who are actively lobbying to make electronic disabling devices mandatory features of all new civilian guns sold in the US. That isn't the free market, that isn't freedom and these new devices aren't even proven in the free market let alone for mandatory adoption.

    It makes sense to have standards and regulations for safe gun storage. Which for the most part it seems that all states already have such standards. But the "use case" for a gun is that you shoot someone in order to kill them. It is never a good thing, but it could be necessary for self defense or to protect your family. In that unfortunate "use case" anything that could prevent you from firing the weapon at your intended target is what is dangerous.