If I recall some years back, PowerMacs had an X86 board which did just that. It contained a 486 with the associated hardware and came with software to allow the Mac to run x86 code without going through an emulator. Sales never went anywhere and I have not seen one since.
Re:Artificial Black Holes
on
Stop, Light.
·
· Score: 1
Black holes do not "go nova". Nova is a process where a intermediate size star sheds its outer layers until it eventually becomes a white dwarf. Supernova is a process where large stars violently eject their outer layers and collapse into either a neutron star or, for stars with a mass greater than about 4.5, a black hole.
{RAMBLING}
The trick with creating a "usefull" black hole as described above would be to give it sufficient mass, so that it had a large enough event horizon without giving it enough mass so that it swallowed everything. You would also have to be able to move the black hole, which can only be controlled by gravity, which we have no way of artificially creating. We could put a black hole in orbit around the earth, but that would be expensive to use ( $20k per kg ) and might have an adverse effect on low earth orbit satellites. Placing it in orbit near the surface of the earth might work, but you'd need keep the atmosphere away from it. So it would have to be in a large vaccuum chamber. I'm also not sure what effect the moon would have on this, because remember, the moon and the earth orbit around a common center of gravity. The black hole of sufficient mass to be useful would also orbit around this center of gravity and this may prevent you from keeping the black hole stationary relative to a particular place on the earth. So it would have to be a mobile vaccuum chamber. Hmm, maybe this black hole stuff is more trouble than it is worth.{/RAMBLING}
It looks like the power distribution business is going under, while power generation continues to thrive. It is the distributors which are facing bankruptcy. I find it interesting that the city of L.A. is having no problems, because its power is delivered and generated by a municipal utility, which sells excess power to Southern California Edison. I wonder what rate that power is sold at?
BTW, it'll be interesting to see the finicial report of electric utilities in California. I imagine that despite the lack of power generating facilities, their "high fuel cost" for producing power, and blackouts (rolling and otherwise), they will still manage to pull in a pretty decent profit. Oh yes, they'll eventually increase their power generation capabilities. However, the foundation will be poured upon our bruised and broken back, as well as the reminants of our bank accounts.
Last time I checked, the two major electric utilities were about 4 billion dollars in debt and on the verge of bankruptcy. So much for "profit".
These companies got screwed by the government who allowed their costs to rise without giving them the ability to increase revenue. But I guess that is better than allowing them to pass the expense on to the customer, who has to eat the bill because he/she can't pass it along to anyone else. But it looks like the customer will pay in the end, either by not having power or higher tax rates as the government bails out the utilities to keep the lights on.
I don't want my browsing interrupted every three minutes for a one-minute advertisement, nor do I want only 21 minutes of content for every 30 minutes of air-time.
Content sites which you browse have bills to pay. They need to collect revenue. That comes from one of two sources - Advertisements and subscriptions (long term picture here; Venture capital will only get you so far). You have told us about your feelings on advertisement, and I can assume that you feel that the internet should be free.
The market will decide the fate of these technologies. You can only annoy the customer so much before they go to a less "noisy" site. Browsers will continue to evolve ways to minimize the effect of these annoying tactics. Browser developers are also internet users and will scratch an itch if they feel it is worth it. And from the consumer side, people should support the friendly sites and their sponsors and also let them know why you are using their site/service/product. This will encourage the friendlier tactics.
The internet is not a "new" medium, but rather a simple combination of existing media. People love to be called pioneers, but the internet is just publishing/video/communications all wrapped up into one package.
I saw no mention of a reactionless force at work. The article simply states that when the magnet is turned on, it will move if there is a metal object in the magnetic field. I'm no expert, but I seem to recall from high school physics that a magnetic flux in a conductor will create a current in the conductor. That current will in turn create a magnetic field. I'm sure this is just some quirk in induction theory where small lightweight magnets have a force exerted on them by a magnetic flux. I'll have to hit the books when I get home tonight, but I'm sure this is NOT alien hyperdrive technology.
That, coupled with the braindead way they assign phone numbers to companies (in blocks of 10,000) spells big trouble.
The phone companies are trying to correct this problem. The company I work for manufactures switching equipment and one of the requirements is to allocate blocks of 100 numbers instead of 10,000. Not ideal, but it does not break their existing software. IPv4 had a similar issue which is why we are going over to IPv6.
I personally favor each person or company be given one number to which they can add extensions if they like. The user should be able to pick the extension number to keep phone solicitors from getting access to all but the first number. For example I sign up with BellSouth to get a phone number 987-654-3210. I add my cellphone as extension 45 and my second phone line as 555. You can dial the extensions at any time while the phone is ringing.
they take all my tax dollars and give them to some longhair running a screen saver so that they can scan for alien signals
SETI is privately funded with occaisional grants from the government. Most of your tax dollars are going to giving benefits to the elderly, although this could change now that there is compelling evidence that they cannot cast valid ballots.
Adults still insist they have lessons to teach the next generation. But the young have come to believe, with increasing justification, that their elders know much less than they do, and have little worth passing along.
Jon and his associates obviously rub elbows with retarded adults. He always seems to indicate that the aged (those who already graduated college) are somehow out of touch with reality and can't grasp new concepts. If this is the case, I'd like to know why so few of the interns and graduates that I interview don't even understand the difference between procedural and object-oriented programming. These are CS and CE majors who are apparantly doing nothing but using software and not spending enough time learning how to develop it. You should see the look on their faces when I tell them you CAN do object oriented programming in C.
Fortuneately there are those who come along and know what they are talking about. But their degree of competence is not measured by their age. There are idiots young and old abound. The same goes for brilliance. The key is to learn to recognize the presence of these traits and deal with the individual appropriately.
Just for the record, I am an aged 27 and I have people all around me that astound me with their brilliance and ineptitude. Trust me when I say that age is not a factor.
I remember someone posted a reply to Jon where they described him to be like a character a college party movie. "That crusty old dean is ruining our fun. We'll show those stupid grown-ups!".
Small question on the side, how about international waters? A ship with a bunch of servers on it and a satellite uplink maybe?
A ship in international waters is still subject to the government that it is flagged under and also to the governments of the ship's last and next port of call. You have to sail from somewhere and if it is some third world dump that you have flagged under, the RIAA can rest assured that you will have no recourse after they send mercenaries to take over your ship.
Just move your server to Sealand. Cheaper and easier.
Does anyone know of a hack to get past this thing? Although it says that it will block the playback when connected to a VCR and it won't when connected to a TV, I can't see how it can differentiate between the two.
From what I understand, Macrovision screws with the horizontal timing of the signal. I pulled some schematics off of a website a while back. It looks like the circuit filters out the horizontal timing signal and re-inserts a valid one. I have not built one yet because I am lazy.
(BEGIN semi-informed analasys)
A typical VCR just records the signal coming into it while a TV tunes itself to the incoming baseband signal. So when the signal changes, the circuitry in the TV is able to compensate, while the VCR just blindly records the signal. That's why DVD players do not come with RF outputs - the VCR's tuning circuit would work around the coding.
(END semi-informed analasys)
But keep in mind that IANAME (macrovision expert).
The whole purpose of a watermark is to embed data within an audio or video stream without affecting the sound and/or video quality. A good watermarking system will retain the watermarking information (ie your username) through A/D and D/A conversions. A good watermarking system would adversely affect the sound output if the watermark were forcibly removed. Your solution will only work for an encrypted stream, not a watermarked one.
Sorry that you had to encounter that idiot. It was probably his first direct encounter with somebody from outside of the USA. It is entirely possible for somebody to grow up in the USA, never traveling that far from their birth place (perhaps 1500 km or so), and still encounter only other US-English speaking people.
I agree. I recall a study a while back that concluded that a majority of people live and die within 30 miles (45km) of where they are born. The fact that computers are commodities and anyone can get one will also contribute to the number of "non-worldly" people you encounter on-line. It's like seeing someone in a business suit only to realize that it's Billy-Bob cotton-picker who's in town for his (distant) cousin's wedding. Just because you are online doesn't mean you are educated.
If I recall, 70dB is about the same as a typical conversation. If the NASA spec is 30dB, then that is almost silent (for humans anyway). I can't see it being that low. I was under the impression that typical noise levels were in the mid to high 70's, which is more like a crowded room. Tough to sleep in, but I learned to sleep next to a diesel engine on a rocking boat in the middle of the atlantic. The commander is a SEAL so he should be able to hold out without sleep for the few months he's up there;-)
I'm still wondering why they have to make the thing so complex. The article frequently says that the backup is the Russian components. Perhaps we should take a lesson in simplicity and worry less about having an IP number for each component. What's wrong with using the tried-and-true methods and saving the fancy stuff for the non-critical systems?
From what I've read, it's mostly qualifying the things for zero-g. Hot air doesn't move around like it does here on earth, so they need to come up with innovative cooling solutions. I think they also adjust the power supplies to run off the power system of the spacecraft (24VDC I think). Bunch of other stuff, too. By the time they address all these issues, the machines are several years old.
Re:Old Methods Not At Fault
on
eLection '04
·
· Score: 1
I agree that the problems are not with the methods, but rather with the population. My guess is that people punched their ballot before they read the ballot like this...
They started reading the first page and saw the Bush ticket. Nope don't want that. They then proceeded down the page and saw the Al Gore ticket. Yep. That'll do. Since the Al Gore ticket is the second ticket that I read, I'll punch the second hole. >Punch
If they had taken the time to read the ENTIRE ballot they would have come to Pat Buchannan at the top of the next page and seen that his ticket is actually the second hole. Or they could have FOLLOWED THE BIG ARROW.
I live in Palm Beach and I voted on the ballot. I had no problems because I read the ballot completely before I voted. I didn't even realize that there was a problem until I watched the news that evening.
If you think computers will solve the problem, just wait until granny gets to the booth and desn't know how to use a mouse or what a TV is doing in the voting booth.
I really don't think that our voting system need to be idiot proofed. All we will do is highlight more idiots that don't know how to read instructions or ask for help.
This guy has been stuck on the tractor beam scene for months now. I guess he got his sanity back.
BTW, that site is hypnotizing. My boss busted me when I was watching it and he ended up watching the rest over my shoulder. Dare I release this productivity leech on my collegues? I think so.
Schools ultimately receive their money from the people they serve. Private schools receive most of their funds from tuition and other private funds. I would consider a private school as more of a research and training comany and therefore they would retain the rights to IP much as any other comany would.
State schools are supported by tuition and state taxes. Many graduate students receive state grants or hold state jobs to pay for their tuition. But this money still comes from the taxpayer. If the work is valuable, then the people have a right to benefit from it. I guess the argument can be made that the school is the entity that works on behalf of the taxpayer to make sure that the taxpayer gets compensated for any works that are produced by the school. Money coming into the school from licensing is less money that the taxpayer has to pay.
On the other hand, universities are supposed to serve a higher purpose by enhancing the knowledge of the population in general. Businesses should benefit as well because they also pay their taxes. How can this be accomplished when all this learned information is bottled up and given to only those that pay?
And then there are the rights of the student. What reward do they receive for their labor? Some would argue that the diploma and official recognition is their reward. They are now able to leverage those credentials to secure a better future for themselves. Another viewpoint is that the student developed the idea and should reap all the benefits. I think the state should receive something, in order to recoup expenses and also to help fund other graduate projects. But I don't think that the state should get everything. How about a 50-50 split?
It would appear that the financial considerations are at odds with the philosophical issues and as always the issue boils down to money.
The author of the satire criticizes duplication of effort, but as I recall, Microsoft has also had duplication of effort with Windows2000 and WindowsMe.
Duplication of effort is also known as competition. Not everybody has a compaq computer.
You can't complain. No matter which candidate is up there, they will never agree with you on every issue. You need to prioritize the issues and find the candidate that best meets them. Protesting the choice of candidates by not voting is counter-productive. The politicians only care about the voting public and if you don't vote, then the politicians don't care. That's why you see them pandering to the elderly, because they have the largest turnout. If demographics showed that slashdotters turned out in droves at the polling stations, they you bet that the candidates would be trying to address your concerns.
Choose a candidate. You can bitch and moan when he doesn't win, but pardon me if I don't give a shit when you say "I didn't vote because I didn't like any of the candidates".
Imagine a handheld that no longer had the dissapearing-screen-in-bright-sunlight effect we all know and love!
I'm imagining a handheld with several thousand flourescent fibers sticking out. I think it would look like a troll doll. It'd look pretty funny in your pocket.
Slashdot Mirror
If I recall some years back, PowerMacs had an X86 board which did just that. It contained a 486 with the associated hardware and came with software to allow the Mac to run x86 code without going through an emulator. Sales never went anywhere and I have not seen one since.
Black holes do not "go nova". Nova is a process where a intermediate size star sheds its outer layers until it eventually becomes a white dwarf. Supernova is a process where large stars violently eject their outer layers and collapse into either a neutron star or, for stars with a mass greater than about 4.5, a black hole.
{RAMBLING} The trick with creating a "usefull" black hole as described above would be to give it sufficient mass, so that it had a large enough event horizon without giving it enough mass so that it swallowed everything. You would also have to be able to move the black hole, which can only be controlled by gravity, which we have no way of artificially creating. We could put a black hole in orbit around the earth, but that would be expensive to use ( $20k per kg ) and might have an adverse effect on low earth orbit satellites. Placing it in orbit near the surface of the earth might work, but you'd need keep the atmosphere away from it. So it would have to be in a large vaccuum chamber. I'm also not sure what effect the moon would have on this, because remember, the moon and the earth orbit around a common center of gravity. The black hole of sufficient mass to be useful would also orbit around this center of gravity and this may prevent you from keeping the black hole stationary relative to a particular place on the earth. So it would have to be a mobile vaccuum chamber. Hmm, maybe this black hole stuff is more trouble than it is worth.{/RAMBLING}
It looks like the power distribution business is going under, while power generation continues to thrive. It is the distributors which are facing bankruptcy. I find it interesting that the city of L.A. is having no problems, because its power is delivered and generated by a municipal utility, which sells excess power to Southern California Edison. I wonder what rate that power is sold at?
BTW, it'll be interesting to see the finicial report of electric utilities in California. I imagine that despite the lack of power generating facilities, their "high fuel cost" for producing power, and blackouts (rolling and otherwise), they will still manage to pull in a pretty decent profit. Oh yes, they'll eventually increase their power generation capabilities. However, the foundation will be poured upon our bruised and broken back, as well as the reminants of our bank accounts.
Last time I checked, the two major electric utilities were about 4 billion dollars in debt and on the verge of bankruptcy. So much for "profit".
These companies got screwed by the government who allowed their costs to rise without giving them the ability to increase revenue. But I guess that is better than allowing them to pass the expense on to the customer, who has to eat the bill because he/she can't pass it along to anyone else. But it looks like the customer will pay in the end, either by not having power or higher tax rates as the government bails out the utilities to keep the lights on.
I don't want my browsing interrupted every three minutes for a one-minute advertisement, nor do I want only 21 minutes of content for every 30 minutes of air-time.
Content sites which you browse have bills to pay. They need to collect revenue. That comes from one of two sources - Advertisements and subscriptions (long term picture here; Venture capital will only get you so far). You have told us about your feelings on advertisement, and I can assume that you feel that the internet should be free.
The market will decide the fate of these technologies. You can only annoy the customer so much before they go to a less "noisy" site. Browsers will continue to evolve ways to minimize the effect of these annoying tactics. Browser developers are also internet users and will scratch an itch if they feel it is worth it. And from the consumer side, people should support the friendly sites and their sponsors and also let them know why you are using their site/service/product. This will encourage the friendlier tactics.
The internet is not a "new" medium, but rather a simple combination of existing media. People love to be called pioneers, but the internet is just publishing/video/communications all wrapped up into one package.
These satellites refuse to accept their fate.
I saw no mention of a reactionless force at work. The article simply states that when the magnet is turned on, it will move if there is a metal object in the magnetic field. I'm no expert, but I seem to recall from high school physics that a magnetic flux in a conductor will create a current in the conductor. That current will in turn create a magnetic field. I'm sure this is just some quirk in induction theory where small lightweight magnets have a force exerted on them by a magnetic flux. I'll have to hit the books when I get home tonight, but I'm sure this is NOT alien hyperdrive technology.
That, coupled with the braindead way they assign phone numbers to companies (in blocks of 10,000) spells big trouble.
The phone companies are trying to correct this problem. The company I work for manufactures switching equipment and one of the requirements is to allocate blocks of 100 numbers instead of 10,000. Not ideal, but it does not break their existing software. IPv4 had a similar issue which is why we are going over to IPv6.
I personally favor each person or company be given one number to which they can add extensions if they like. The user should be able to pick the extension number to keep phone solicitors from getting access to all but the first number. For example I sign up with BellSouth to get a phone number 987-654-3210. I add my cellphone as extension 45 and my second phone line as 555. You can dial the extensions at any time while the phone is ringing.
they take all my tax dollars and give them to some longhair running a screen saver so that they can scan for alien signals
SETI is privately funded with occaisional grants from the government. Most of your tax dollars are going to giving benefits to the elderly, although this could change now that there is compelling evidence that they cannot cast valid ballots.
Adults still insist they have lessons to teach the next generation. But the young have come to believe, with increasing justification, that their elders know much less than they do, and have little worth passing along.
Jon and his associates obviously rub elbows with retarded adults. He always seems to indicate that the aged (those who already graduated college) are somehow out of touch with reality and can't grasp new concepts. If this is the case, I'd like to know why so few of the interns and graduates that I interview don't even understand the difference between procedural and object-oriented programming. These are CS and CE majors who are apparantly doing nothing but using software and not spending enough time learning how to develop it. You should see the look on their faces when I tell them you CAN do object oriented programming in C.
Fortuneately there are those who come along and know what they are talking about. But their degree of competence is not measured by their age. There are idiots young and old abound. The same goes for brilliance. The key is to learn to recognize the presence of these traits and deal with the individual appropriately.
Just for the record, I am an aged 27 and I have people all around me that astound me with their brilliance and ineptitude. Trust me when I say that age is not a factor.
I remember someone posted a reply to Jon where they described him to be like a character a college party movie. "That crusty old dean is ruining our fun. We'll show those stupid grown-ups!".
Small question on the side, how about international waters? A ship with a bunch of servers on it and a satellite uplink maybe?
A ship in international waters is still subject to the government that it is flagged under and also to the governments of the ship's last and next port of call. You have to sail from somewhere and if it is some third world dump that you have flagged under, the RIAA can rest assured that you will have no recourse after they send mercenaries to take over your ship.
Just move your server to Sealand. Cheaper and easier.
Does anyone know of a hack to get past this thing? Although it says that it will block the playback when connected to a VCR and it won't when connected to a TV, I can't see how it can differentiate between the two.
From what I understand, Macrovision screws with the horizontal timing of the signal. I pulled some schematics off of a website a while back. It looks like the circuit filters out the horizontal timing signal and re-inserts a valid one. I have not built one yet because I am lazy.
(BEGIN semi-informed analasys)
A typical VCR just records the signal coming into it while a TV tunes itself to the incoming baseband signal. So when the signal changes, the circuitry in the TV is able to compensate, while the VCR just blindly records the signal. That's why DVD players do not come with RF outputs - the VCR's tuning circuit would work around the coding.
(END semi-informed analasys)
But keep in mind that IANAME (macrovision expert).
The whole purpose of a watermark is to embed data within an audio or video stream without affecting the sound and/or video quality. A good watermarking system will retain the watermarking information (ie your username) through A/D and D/A conversions. A good watermarking system would adversely affect the sound output if the watermark were forcibly removed. Your solution will only work for an encrypted stream, not a watermarked one.
Sorry that you had to encounter that idiot. It was probably his first direct encounter with somebody from outside of the USA. It is entirely possible for somebody to grow up in the USA, never traveling that far from their birth place (perhaps 1500 km or so), and still encounter only other US-English speaking people.
I agree. I recall a study a while back that concluded that a majority of people live and die within 30 miles (45km) of where they are born. The fact that computers are commodities and anyone can get one will also contribute to the number of "non-worldly" people you encounter on-line. It's like seeing someone in a business suit only to realize that it's Billy-Bob cotton-picker who's in town for his (distant) cousin's wedding. Just because you are online doesn't mean you are educated.
If I recall, 70dB is about the same as a typical conversation. If the NASA spec is 30dB, then that is almost silent (for humans anyway). I can't see it being that low. I was under the impression that typical noise levels were in the mid to high 70's, which is more like a crowded room. Tough to sleep in, but I learned to sleep next to a diesel engine on a rocking boat in the middle of the atlantic. The commander is a SEAL so he should be able to hold out without sleep for the few months he's up there ;-)
I'm still wondering why they have to make the thing so complex. The article frequently says that the backup is the Russian components. Perhaps we should take a lesson in simplicity and worry less about having an IP number for each component. What's wrong with using the tried-and-true methods and saving the fancy stuff for the non-critical systems?
From what I've read, it's mostly qualifying the things for zero-g. Hot air doesn't move around like it does here on earth, so they need to come up with innovative cooling solutions. I think they also adjust the power supplies to run off the power system of the spacecraft (24VDC I think). Bunch of other stuff, too. By the time they address all these issues, the machines are several years old.
I agree that the problems are not with the methods, but rather with the population. My guess is that people punched their ballot before they read the ballot like this...
They started reading the first page and saw the Bush ticket. Nope don't want that. They then proceeded down the page and saw the Al Gore ticket. Yep. That'll do. Since the Al Gore ticket is the second ticket that I read, I'll punch the second hole. >Punch
If they had taken the time to read the ENTIRE ballot they would have come to Pat Buchannan at the top of the next page and seen that his ticket is actually the second hole. Or they could have FOLLOWED THE BIG ARROW.
I live in Palm Beach and I voted on the ballot. I had no problems because I read the ballot completely before I voted. I didn't even realize that there was a problem until I watched the news that evening.
If you think computers will solve the problem, just wait until granny gets to the booth and desn't know how to use a mouse or what a TV is doing in the voting booth.
I really don't think that our voting system need to be idiot proofed. All we will do is highlight more idiots that don't know how to read instructions or ask for help.
This guy has been stuck on the tractor beam scene for months now. I guess he got his sanity back.
BTW, that site is hypnotizing. My boss busted me when I was watching it and he ended up watching the rest over my shoulder. Dare I release this productivity leech on my collegues? I think so.
Schools ultimately receive their money from the people they serve. Private schools receive most of their funds from tuition and other private funds. I would consider a private school as more of a research and training comany and therefore they would retain the rights to IP much as any other comany would.
State schools are supported by tuition and state taxes. Many graduate students receive state grants or hold state jobs to pay for their tuition. But this money still comes from the taxpayer. If the work is valuable, then the people have a right to benefit from it. I guess the argument can be made that the school is the entity that works on behalf of the taxpayer to make sure that the taxpayer gets compensated for any works that are produced by the school. Money coming into the school from licensing is less money that the taxpayer has to pay.
On the other hand, universities are supposed to serve a higher purpose by enhancing the knowledge of the population in general. Businesses should benefit as well because they also pay their taxes. How can this be accomplished when all this learned information is bottled up and given to only those that pay?
And then there are the rights of the student. What reward do they receive for their labor? Some would argue that the diploma and official recognition is their reward. They are now able to leverage those credentials to secure a better future for themselves. Another viewpoint is that the student developed the idea and should reap all the benefits. I think the state should receive something, in order to recoup expenses and also to help fund other graduate projects. But I don't think that the state should get everything. How about a 50-50 split?
It would appear that the financial considerations are at odds with the philosophical issues and as always the issue boils down to money.
The author of the satire criticizes duplication of effort, but as I recall, Microsoft has also had duplication of effort with Windows2000 and WindowsMe.
Duplication of effort is also known as competition. Not everybody has a compaq computer.
You can't complain. No matter which candidate is up there, they will never agree with you on every issue. You need to prioritize the issues and find the candidate that best meets them. Protesting the choice of candidates by not voting is counter-productive. The politicians only care about the voting public and if you don't vote, then the politicians don't care. That's why you see them pandering to the elderly, because they have the largest turnout. If demographics showed that slashdotters turned out in droves at the polling stations, they you bet that the candidates would be trying to address your concerns.
Choose a candidate. You can bitch and moan when he doesn't win, but pardon me if I don't give a shit when you say "I didn't vote because I didn't like any of the candidates".
Imagine a handheld that no longer had the dissapearing-screen-in-bright-sunlight effect we all know and love!
I'm imagining a handheld with several thousand flourescent fibers sticking out. I think it would look like a troll doll. It'd look pretty funny in your pocket.
In this case CmdrTaco is the offender. 240 comments and counting. Probably trying to keep the advertisement counters moving.
They probably have a stockpile of articles like this that they use when things get slow or they have a client who's renewal time is near.
Or maybe they just do it to watch all the suckers bite.
As for reverse engineering being theft: it is
No. Theft is Theft. If I simply copied a design then that could be called theft.
If I figured out how the design works and then created my own design to emulate the original, that is not theft. That is reverse engineering.