If you could track every atom of the lighter fluid, you'd see that there are as many atoms from the lighter fluid around after the combustion as before. In a nuclear explosion, there are fewer atoms around.
There are more atoms around in fission, but that's not really important. However, there's as many electrons, protons, and neutrons as there were before. Fission doesn't destroy particles, it just releases nuclear binding energy.
Both nuclear and chemical reactions destroy matter, if you can call that destroying matter.
In a chemical reaction, electrons change states. In an exothermal chemical reaction, the energy of those electron states is lower than the energy of the electron states before the reaction, and energy is released in another form (photons, kinetic energy, etc.). If you count the neutrons, protons, and electrons, they're all still there. But mass has been lost, because the binding energy of the electrons counts in the mass of the molecule. (In the reaction, binding energy was lost and converted to another form. Energy is mass.) However, chemical binding energy is tiny compared to the energy in the rest mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
In a nuclear reaction (fission and fusion), the states of nucleons (neutrons and protons) also change. Again, if you count the neutrons, protons, and electrons, the same ones present before are present after. (Sometimes they change form, like n p + e.) But mass has been lost, because the binding energy between the nucleons counts in the mass of the atom. (In the reaction, binding energy was lost and converted to another form. Energy is mass.) Nuclear binding energy is still small compared to energy in rest mass, but it's a lot bigger than chemical binding energy.
One pass of/dev/zero is actually sufficient. The drive recovery companies that claim it's ungodly costly can't even actually do that recovery. If you *really* want to get rid of it, though, after zeroing the drive, heat the contents (the platters, at least) until they're above the Curie temperature.
The more difficult thing is ensuring that a copy of the data is not elsewhere (different disk, in memory, stored online) and ensuring that simply copying over the disk with garbage data (e.g.,/dev/zero) actually overwrites all portions of the disk that potentially contain data. (Bad sectors, for example, are not strictly unreadable, but they're usually unwritable.)
Liquid helium's not better. Your primary problem at that point is not how low of a temperature you can achieve, but maintaining the temperature while the object you're cooling is producing such large amounts of heat. Liquid nitrogen has a better heat capacity than liquid helium (and is enormously cheaper), so it's going to work better.
Well, the Leaf consumes about 0.85 MJ per mile, if I understand correctly. Gasoline, at 10 gallons/minute, is 300 miles of energy per pump-minute for a 30 mpg car. To get the equivalent charging rate for a leaf, you'd need to charge 255 MJ / minute, or 4.25 MW. So, your estimate of 5 MW is pretty close.
However, 800 kW is pretty close to usable. Consider a full tank for a Leaf is something like 85 MJ. That means a full charge at a station takes about 2 minutes.
For an all-electric car, though, how it's being used matters a lot. The Leaf's target use case is driving no more than 100 miles / day -- commuting plus running errands for most people. So if you can charge the battery within 8 hours, then there's zero pump time. If you were going long distance in a Leaf (and had an infrastructure of 800 kW chargers), you'd be looking at charging 1-2 minutes every hour to hour and a half or so.
Quite a lot of the CP investigations are actually in conjunction with either molestation or production of child pornography (i.e., the "real perverts").
Creating fake tracks that fools forensics isn't as easy as it sounds. For example, if someone did just as you described and wrote malware that downloaded kiddie porn and created fake tracks, and that malware spread to millions of machines, the whole security and forensics community would hear of it. People would study the malware, determine what false tracks it made, and then it would be easy to demonstrate whether the files on your computer were the result of that malware. (Hell, you'd have to do this -- otherwise every single person caught with CP would say, "Oh, that malware downloaded it," and you'd need to prove otherwise in court.)
Yes, I'm sure the software magically divines whether or not an arbitrary communication channel is being used for a peer-to-peer or client-server protocol. Maybe it uses an oracle to determine what protocol is being used on the channel and consults Wikipedia automatically to determine whether or not it's peer-to-peer.
Or just maybe the software detects a collection of known protocols, and Skype calls would only generate a warning if Skype was intentionally targeted by the software. In this case, you're just equivocating on the definition of "peer-to-peer".
If they're traveling with their parents (or an appropriate party), the adults consent on their behalf. Some children travel along, but do you know if they're scanned in these machines or not?
Even for adults, these machines are not mandatory -- an alternative is available for people who don't want to be scanned. So yes, you are consenting to it.
You should believe them as much and for the same reasons as before. Maybe that's "not at all", but it's been clear for a while that their machines are capable of storing images, but this feature is disabled in installed machines. What the U.S. Marshals are doing with a different piece of equipment should have no bearing on what you think the TSA is doing.
Doesn't the TSA use a different machine? Do they and the Marshals have the machines configured in the same way?
They use the same approach for scanning, not necessarily the same devices. (Actually, the scanners use one of two very different approaches -- backscatter X-ray and millimeter-wave -- that have been lumped into a single category.)
Depends on the information density. A chapter of Jackson's Classical Electrodynamics is something like 30-40 pages and is too much for one week. A Harry Potter novel is something like 800+ pages and is light reading for a week.
In the Northwestern study, when researchers knew in advance specifics of the planned attacks by the make-believe "terrorists," they were able to correlate P300 brain waves to guilty knowledge with 100 percent accuracy in the lab
"Without any prior knowledge of the planned crime in our mock terrorism scenarios, we were able to identify 10 out of 12 terrorists and, among them, 20 out of 30 crime- related details," Rosenfeld said. "The test was 83 percent accurate in predicting concealed knowledge, suggesting that our complex protocol could identify future terrorist activity.
Or they have to mail the smart card containing the key part. Or they have to encrypt the bits on the smart card and send them to a common location. If public-key encryption or the ability to send bits from point A to point B are broken, then restoring DNSSEC isn't really going to do much for you.
Slashdot Mirror
It was pretty interesting physics quite a while ago.
If you could track every atom of the lighter fluid, you'd see that there are as many atoms from the lighter fluid around after the combustion as before. In a nuclear explosion, there are fewer atoms around.
There are more atoms around in fission, but that's not really important. However, there's as many electrons, protons, and neutrons as there were before. Fission doesn't destroy particles, it just releases nuclear binding energy.
Both nuclear and chemical reactions destroy matter, if you can call that destroying matter.
In a chemical reaction, electrons change states. In an exothermal chemical reaction, the energy of those electron states is lower than the energy of the electron states before the reaction, and energy is released in another form (photons, kinetic energy, etc.). If you count the neutrons, protons, and electrons, they're all still there. But mass has been lost, because the binding energy of the electrons counts in the mass of the molecule. (In the reaction, binding energy was lost and converted to another form. Energy is mass.) However, chemical binding energy is tiny compared to the energy in the rest mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
In a nuclear reaction (fission and fusion), the states of nucleons (neutrons and protons) also change. Again, if you count the neutrons, protons, and electrons, the same ones present before are present after. (Sometimes they change form, like n p + e.) But mass has been lost, because the binding energy between the nucleons counts in the mass of the atom. (In the reaction, binding energy was lost and converted to another form. Energy is mass.) Nuclear binding energy is still small compared to energy in rest mass, but it's a lot bigger than chemical binding energy.
Whenever affordability is applied as a basis for "fairness", for one.
The inalienable rights are separately enumerated. None of the rights mentioned in the Bill of Rights (e.g., the 2nd Amendment) are inalienable.
One pass of /dev/zero is actually sufficient. The drive recovery companies that claim it's ungodly costly can't even actually do that recovery. If you *really* want to get rid of it, though, after zeroing the drive, heat the contents (the platters, at least) until they're above the Curie temperature.
The more difficult thing is ensuring that a copy of the data is not elsewhere (different disk, in memory, stored online) and ensuring that simply copying over the disk with garbage data (e.g., /dev/zero) actually overwrites all portions of the disk that potentially contain data. (Bad sectors, for example, are not strictly unreadable, but they're usually unwritable.)
It's much faster to use full-disk encryption and then zero the parts of the disk that hold the encryption key when you want to erase it.
What if you buy a used hybrid?
Liquid helium's not better. Your primary problem at that point is not how low of a temperature you can achieve, but maintaining the temperature while the object you're cooling is producing such large amounts of heat. Liquid nitrogen has a better heat capacity than liquid helium (and is enormously cheaper), so it's going to work better.
Sort of.
Well, the Leaf consumes about 0.85 MJ per mile, if I understand correctly. Gasoline, at 10 gallons/minute, is 300 miles of energy per pump-minute for a 30 mpg car. To get the equivalent charging rate for a leaf, you'd need to charge 255 MJ / minute, or 4.25 MW. So, your estimate of 5 MW is pretty close.
However, 800 kW is pretty close to usable. Consider a full tank for a Leaf is something like 85 MJ. That means a full charge at a station takes about 2 minutes.
For an all-electric car, though, how it's being used matters a lot. The Leaf's target use case is driving no more than 100 miles / day -- commuting plus running errands for most people. So if you can charge the battery within 8 hours, then there's zero pump time. If you were going long distance in a Leaf (and had an infrastructure of 800 kW chargers), you'd be looking at charging 1-2 minutes every hour to hour and a half or so.
Quite a lot of the CP investigations are actually in conjunction with either molestation or production of child pornography (i.e., the "real perverts").
Creating fake tracks that fools forensics isn't as easy as it sounds. For example, if someone did just as you described and wrote malware that downloaded kiddie porn and created fake tracks, and that malware spread to millions of machines, the whole security and forensics community would hear of it. People would study the malware, determine what false tracks it made, and then it would be easy to demonstrate whether the files on your computer were the result of that malware. (Hell, you'd have to do this -- otherwise every single person caught with CP would say, "Oh, that malware downloaded it," and you'd need to prove otherwise in court.)
Yes, I'm sure the software magically divines whether or not an arbitrary communication channel is being used for a peer-to-peer or client-server protocol. Maybe it uses an oracle to determine what protocol is being used on the channel and consults Wikipedia automatically to determine whether or not it's peer-to-peer.
Or just maybe the software detects a collection of known protocols, and Skype calls would only generate a warning if Skype was intentionally targeted by the software. In this case, you're just equivocating on the definition of "peer-to-peer".
Going to the hospital for the toe resulted in him being diagnosed with diabetes, at which point he stopped drinking.
No, nude humans don't look much like that at all.
It's not a photograph, it's an image. The mechanism used to produce the image has little to do with photography.
If they're traveling with their parents (or an appropriate party), the adults consent on their behalf. Some children travel along, but do you know if they're scanned in these machines or not?
Even for adults, these machines are not mandatory -- an alternative is available for people who don't want to be scanned. So yes, you are consenting to it.
You should believe them as much and for the same reasons as before. Maybe that's "not at all", but it's been clear for a while that their machines are capable of storing images, but this feature is disabled in installed machines. What the U.S. Marshals are doing with a different piece of equipment should have no bearing on what you think the TSA is doing.
Doesn't the TSA use a different machine? Do they and the Marshals have the machines configured in the same way?
They use the same approach for scanning, not necessarily the same devices. (Actually, the scanners use one of two very different approaches -- backscatter X-ray and millimeter-wave -- that have been lumped into a single category.)
They're neither photographs nor "basically-nude" in the conventional sense. But regardless, the image is taken with your consent.
The TSA claimed they're not storing the images, and the U.S. Marshals (at one location) are storing the images. Those aren't the same organization.
The TSA also uses a different machine.
Depends on the information density. A chapter of Jackson's Classical Electrodynamics is something like 30-40 pages and is too much for one week. A Harry Potter novel is something like 800+ pages and is light reading for a week.
From TFA:
In the Northwestern study, when researchers knew in advance specifics of the planned attacks by the make-believe "terrorists," they were able to correlate P300 brain waves to guilty knowledge with 100 percent accuracy in the lab
"Without any prior knowledge of the planned crime in our mock terrorism scenarios, we were able to identify 10 out of 12 terrorists and, among them, 20 out of 30 crime- related details," Rosenfeld said. "The test was 83 percent accurate in predicting concealed knowledge, suggesting that our complex protocol could identify future terrorist activity.
Two different tests.
Or they have to mail the smart card containing the key part. Or they have to encrypt the bits on the smart card and send them to a common location. If public-key encryption or the ability to send bits from point A to point B are broken, then restoring DNSSEC isn't really going to do much for you.
No, three. You need 5 out of the 7 key parts. And you don't need to assassinate them, just steal or destroy their key.