Both, like most carriers although actually now you mention it I don't think I've seen a picture of a Russian or Soviet aircraft carrier with an air wing on deck... maybe they do keep them belowdecks due to rough seafaring conditions? must research.
The Russian Federation operates the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov and one of the 4 Kiev class aircraft carriers (that are officially "aviation cruisers" not aircraft carriers because aircraft carriers are banned from entering the Black Sea (I think that's the right sea) the other 3 Kiev class heavy cruisers that you mention were indeed sold to India or scrapped in China as part of their research into aircraft carriers.
I dunno if it's been mentioned yet but the carrier in TFA is a retrofitted sister ship to the Admiral Kuznetsov built primarily for "training purposes"
Slashdot Mirror
Both, like most carriers although actually now you mention it I don't think I've seen a picture of a Russian or Soviet aircraft carrier with an air wing on deck... maybe they do keep them belowdecks due to rough seafaring conditions? must research.
The Russian Federation operates the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov and one of the 4 Kiev class aircraft carriers (that are officially "aviation cruisers" not aircraft carriers because aircraft carriers are banned from entering the Black Sea (I think that's the right sea) the other 3 Kiev class heavy cruisers that you mention were indeed sold to India or scrapped in China as part of their research into aircraft carriers. I dunno if it's been mentioned yet but the carrier in TFA is a retrofitted sister ship to the Admiral Kuznetsov built primarily for "training purposes"