The IRQ controller was originally designed by Intel for the 8080A CPU. IBM just used the commodity support chips that were available at the time the original IBM PC was designed.
ISA slots are still useful for simple I/O cards that don't need the features, expense and complications of PCI.
One of the things that is a problem with Microsoft is their support for decades of software cruft in the name of backwards compatibility.
At some point you have to tell people to fix their broken code because the bugs, compatibility hacks and obsolete features their software depends on have been deprecated and will disappear in the next major release. Otherwise you will never be able to cleanup the OS code.
Many Liberals have this bizarre idea that anyone with military experience must be a baby-killing warmonger.
I was in the Army and my experience was that soldiers, more than anyone else, understand that war is an ugly, deadly business, not some John Wayne movie fantasy.
When numerous civilians were making jingoistic remarks that we ought to go to [insert name of oil producing country] and kick their ass and take their oil, I didn't hear a single soldier say these things. They knew who would end up with a blown off leg or their guts spilled out on the sand, them, not some yuppie shit in his BMW.
When the executive branch has held war games for high ranking officials, the civilians, not the flag officers, were far more likely to escalate the situation into World War III.
The blue light is produced when the radiation interacts with the water in your eyeball. This usually means that you have just been exposed to a massive dose of radiation.
The paper insert that comes with the OpenBSD CD has some documentation and examples. FreeBSD has a much nicer install program. The OpenBSD install program is user hostile.
Ma Bell put a lot of effort into designing a system that could route calls around congestion and equipment failure. Their routing system was very flexible and they had a NOC (Network Operations Center) to stay on top of problems. I'm not sure how much of that system has survived the breakup and deregulation of the Bell System.
The data networking companies don't seem to be as concerned about reliability and availability. There are too many single points of failure. I've heard stories about the lack of excess/spare capacity in some big IP networks. The recent MCI Worldcom frame relay network failure was unforgivable. Some people were cut off for a week.
You have to assume that lines will go out, equipment will fail and that software may not work properly.
There are some AT&T underground cables installed near here and they are clearly marked with an orange pole and warning sign every N feet.
They are regular ads on local radio stations that tell people to call Miss Utility before doing any digging. The ads say that it is required by law. My understanding is that companies that ignore this and cut a cable or break a pipe are liable for the repair costs, which can be very expensive.
I didn't say that anyone was stupid, just ignorant. There is a difference between the two.
Dr. Strangelove is a satire. The characters are based on real-life people and events, just exaggerated. A number of people have been nominated as the models for Dr. Strangelove. Much of the effectiveness of the movie is that it isn't far removed from the reality of the time.
The USA and Western Europe were in the middle of a cold war with the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. Stalin was dead, but his memory was fresh in many people's minds. The USA was trying to come up with a strategy for fighting a war in the nuclear era. The Strategic Air Command was on nuclear alert 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. In American politics, perceived "bomber gaps" and "missile gaps" were major political issues. The USA was concerned that Communism would spread to South-East Asia and Latin America, just as it had in Eastern Europe.
If you don't have some of the historical context, it is easy to write off the characters in Dr. Strangelove as right-wing lunatics detached from reality.
It is too easy to say that the people in some earlier era were stupid, primitive and irrational, as opposed to the more intelligent, evolved and sophisticated people of today (us, of course).
"Your average commie has no regard for human life, not even his own". It sounds STUPID, but a generation grew up being told that. HECK, go back and watch Regan campaign commercials.
It only sounds stupid if you are ignorant of history. Try reading the history of the Soviet Union during the Stalin era, the liquidation of the kulaks, the purges, the famine in the Ukraine, the Great Patriotic War, the gulag system.
The Chinese and North Koreans were not noted for their respect for human life, let alone human rights, esp. during the Korean War.
The main mistake that the Soviets made was that duplicate OTP pages were sent out to various organizations when they had a shortage of pads. Encrypting several messages with the same page is a major security lapse. The ASA/NSA would find several messages, say one from AMTORG and one from the KGB, that had been encrypted with the same page. Exclusive-or the two messages to strip the OTP key, resulting in the exclusive-or of the plain text messages. Supposedly the Soviets shot the party responsible for the duplicate pages.
Why encrypt for wireless? Just use spread spectrum equipment. Hell, direct sequence is hard enough to grab, let alone frequency hopping...
Bad idea. Spread spectrum is not hard to intercept when predictable hopping sequences or pn codes are used. There is off-the-shelf equipment that will do the job. A lot of it is sold to the folks at Fort Meade.
I was interested in wireless LAN equipment until I found out that the available equipment either had no link layer encryption or had 40 bit link layer encryption. The IEEE wireless LAN standard even specified (optional) 40 bit encryption. The vendors seemed to have a cavalier attitude about security.
It works the other way too. There have been many perfectly good US standards that were ignored in favor of European/International standards that were similar but different enough to be incompatible. I suspect that this was a reaction to a fear of US dominance and a desire to protect European manufacturers. The same thing has happened with Europe and Japan.
IP masquerading and NAT are kludges. They are not a general solution to the problems with IPV4. While they may solve some current problems, the real solution is replacing IPV4 with IPV6.
I'm not sure that class A blocks were the problem. The shortage seemed to be with the class B blocks. Class As were too big, class Cs were too small for many organizations. The way these blocks were allocated led to routing table bloat in the core IP routers.
There was a nice paper (Mockapetris?) that asserted that "a name is not an address is not a route", they should be three distinct entities. Unfortunately, addresses are becoming blurred with routes.
If you've ever looked at the curve of overall cancer rates around the world, how there was a steep climb in the 60's, 70's, it kind of levelled off in the 80's, and kind of declined in the 90's, perhaps there was a relationship there somewhere afterall. . .
Antibiotics, vaccines and clean water cause cancer rates to increase. In the "good old days", most people died before they were old enough to develop cancer.
I used to run UNIX System V on an 80286 system. The 80286 has protected mode and can do virtual memory if you don't mind swapping segments instead of pages.
Doesn't anyone remember this from the first time it was posted on Slashdo?. This is clearly a hoax. There's no way you could implement a TCP/IP stack (not to mention the HTTP server running on top of it) in 512 words.
Who says that the gadget has to implement a complete TCP/IP stack? There are all sorts of ways to do this with a minimal subset of TCP/IP and HTTP. I've seen very small TCP/IP stacks used in systems that boot over a network. It wouldn't be difficult to write software for a micro-controller that would receive IP packets over a serial SLIP link, extract the sender's IP address and port number, and send a canned web page back over the SLIP link. I'm sure it could be done in 512 words of memory.
Microsoft is working on Win64 for a post NT 2000 software release. Some info is available on Microsoft's web site. Do a search for Win64.
They did some ugly things to the size of C data types to make it easier to port Win32 software to Win64. Longs are still 32 bits and they added a new type for 64 bit integers. Barf.
Why are we wasting time with the Merced? It is nothing but welfare for Intel. Alpha has been around for years, and it has demonstrated its worth again and again. It is the architecture of the future. Who needs Merced?
Intel has the fabs to crank out millions of Merced chips at affordable prices. How many 21264 chips can Alpha Processor Inc. ship? The last time I checked, 21264 motherboards and systems were very expensive.
In the USA, you can buy a field artillery gun, tank or jet fighter if you have the cash and the right permits and licenses. There are lots of people who collect and restore old military hardware. You might not be able to buy an AV-8B, but there are plenty of military aircraft out there in civilian hands. The main danger is to the pilot, not the public. You can die very quickly in a fighter if something breaks or you make an error.
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ISA slots are still useful for simple I/O cards that don't need the features, expense and complications of PCI.
At some point you have to tell people to fix their broken code because the bugs, compatibility hacks and obsolete features their software depends on have been deprecated and will disappear in the next major release. Otherwise you will never be able to cleanup the OS code.
Many Liberals have this bizarre idea that anyone with military experience must be a baby-killing warmonger.
I was in the Army and my experience was that soldiers, more than anyone else, understand that war is an ugly, deadly business, not some John Wayne movie fantasy.
When numerous civilians were making jingoistic remarks that we ought to go to [insert name of oil producing country] and kick their ass and take their oil, I didn't hear a single soldier say these things. They knew who would end up with a blown off leg or their guts spilled out on the sand, them, not some yuppie shit in his BMW.
When the executive branch has held war games for high ranking officials, the civilians, not the flag officers, were far more likely to escalate the situation into World War III.
The blue light is produced when the radiation interacts with the water in your eyeball. This usually means that you have just been exposed to a massive dose of radiation.
The paper insert that comes with the OpenBSD CD has some documentation and examples. FreeBSD has a much nicer install program. The OpenBSD install program is user hostile.
The data networking companies don't seem to be as concerned about reliability and availability. There are too many single points of failure. I've heard stories about the lack of excess/spare capacity in some big IP networks. The recent MCI Worldcom frame relay network failure was unforgivable. Some people were cut off for a week.
You have to assume that lines will go out, equipment will fail and that software may not work properly.
They are regular ads on local radio stations that tell people to call Miss Utility before doing any digging. The ads say that it is required by law. My understanding is that companies that ignore this and cut a cable or break a pipe are liable for the repair costs, which can be very expensive.
John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz at Dartmouth.
Dr. Strangelove is a satire. The characters are based on real-life people and events, just exaggerated. A number of people have been nominated as the models for Dr. Strangelove. Much of the effectiveness of the movie is that it isn't far removed from the reality of the time.
The USA and Western Europe were in the middle of a cold war with the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. Stalin was dead, but his memory was fresh in many people's minds. The USA was trying to come up with a strategy for fighting a war in the nuclear era. The Strategic Air Command was on nuclear alert 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. In American politics, perceived "bomber gaps" and "missile gaps" were major political issues. The USA was concerned that Communism would spread to South-East Asia and Latin America, just as it had in Eastern Europe.
If you don't have some of the historical context, it is easy to write off the characters in Dr. Strangelove as right-wing lunatics detached from reality.
It is too easy to say that the people in some earlier era were stupid, primitive and irrational, as opposed to the more intelligent, evolved and sophisticated people of today (us, of course).
It only sounds stupid if you are ignorant of history. Try reading the history of the Soviet Union during the Stalin era, the liquidation of the kulaks, the purges, the famine in the Ukraine, the Great Patriotic War, the gulag system.
The Chinese and North Koreans were not noted for their respect for human life, let alone human rights, esp. during the Korean War.
The main mistake that the Soviets made was that duplicate OTP pages were sent out to various organizations when they had a shortage of pads. Encrypting several messages with the same page is a major security lapse. The ASA/NSA would find several messages, say one from AMTORG and one from the KGB, that had been encrypted with the same page. Exclusive-or the two messages to strip the OTP key, resulting in the exclusive-or of the plain text messages. Supposedly the Soviets shot the party responsible for the duplicate pages.
There are better fluorescent phosphors, but most buildings and offices use cool white.
Why encrypt for wireless? Just use spread spectrum equipment. Hell, direct sequence is hard enough
to grab, let alone frequency hopping...
Bad idea. Spread spectrum is not hard to intercept when predictable hopping sequences or pn codes are used. There is off-the-shelf equipment that will do the job. A lot of it is sold to the folks at Fort Meade.
I was interested in wireless LAN equipment until I found out that the available equipment either had no link layer encryption or had 40 bit link layer encryption. The IEEE wireless LAN standard even specified (optional) 40 bit encryption. The vendors seemed to have a cavalier attitude about security.
How are they going to filter out the light produced by bioluminescent marine organisms? I thought they were common in the deep ocean.
Neither, try fluorescent.
It works the other way too. There have been many perfectly good US standards that were ignored in favor of European/International standards that were similar but different enough to be incompatible. I suspect that this was a reaction to a fear of US dominance and a desire to protect European manufacturers. The same thing has happened with Europe and Japan.
Microwave is a subset of radio. They are both electromagnetic radiation (insert scary Greenpeace noise here).
IP masquerading and NAT are kludges. They are not a general solution to the problems with IPV4. While they may solve some current problems, the real solution is replacing IPV4 with IPV6.
I'm not sure that class A blocks were the problem. The shortage seemed to be with the class B blocks. Class As were too big, class Cs were too small for many organizations. The way these blocks were allocated led to routing table bloat in the core IP routers.
There was a nice paper (Mockapetris?) that asserted that "a name is not an address is not a route", they should be three distinct entities. Unfortunately, addresses are becoming blurred with routes.
Antibiotics, vaccines and clean water cause cancer rates to increase. In the "good old days", most people died before they were old enough to develop cancer.
I used to run UNIX System V on an 80286 system. The 80286 has protected mode and can do virtual memory if you don't mind swapping segments instead of pages.
Who says that the gadget has to implement a complete TCP/IP stack? There are all sorts of ways to do this with a minimal subset of TCP/IP and HTTP. I've seen very small TCP/IP stacks used in systems that boot over a network. It wouldn't be difficult to write software for a micro-controller that would receive IP packets over a serial SLIP link, extract the sender's IP address and port number, and send a canned web page back over the SLIP link. I'm sure it could be done in 512 words of memory.
They did some ugly things to the size of C data types to make it easier to port Win32 software to Win64. Longs are still 32 bits and they added a new type for 64 bit integers. Barf.
Intel has the fabs to crank out millions of Merced chips at affordable prices. How many 21264 chips can Alpha Processor Inc. ship? The last time I checked, 21264 motherboards and systems were very expensive.
In the USA, you can buy a field artillery gun, tank or jet fighter if you have the cash and the right permits and licenses. There are lots of people who collect and restore old military hardware. You might not be able to buy an AV-8B, but there are plenty of military aircraft out there in civilian hands. The main danger is to the pilot, not the public. You can die very quickly in a fighter if something breaks or you make an error.