Sample _length_, not sample rate. The longer you sample a sine wave, the closer to perfect you will be able to reproduce it, provided the sample rate is over twice as high as the frequency.
While I'm no expert on audio, only having studied undergrad signal theory for an electrical engineering degree, seems like the question here is: can the human ear discern between hearing a square or sawtooth wave, compared to hearing their sinusoidal waveforms bandwidth limited to the audible frequency range. If the answer is no, then distorting a square or sawtooth wave into sinusoidal components is not a problem. Hence there is no need to perfectly reproduce a square or sawtooth wave, because our ears would not be able to tell the difference.
Read the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. It's perfect reproduction. Mind you, there are caveats. Sample length has to be infinite. So, it's not practical, but what I said was actually perfectly accurate.
In any case, what I was trying to get at, is that sampling a sinusoidal waveform, even a 15kHz wave at a 44kHz sampling rate, reproduction is going to be very accurate. The mathematics show it. Certainly orders of magnitude more accurate than capturing a square or sawtooth.
If a soft flute has a range up to 500, that's still quite an accurate capture of amplitude. It's greater than 10, and even 11, so Nigel would approve. Besides, the practicality of listening to a cannon and soft flute, at their natural volume level, in the same piece, is rather bewildering.
You have a few inaccuracies in your post. No sampling rate will ever perfectly capture a square wave or sawtooth wave, unless you use the exact frequency of that wave (or multiples of that frequency), and happen to match the phase of the wave with the sampling point. So given your example of a 44k sample rate capturing a 15kHz square or sawtooth wave, you are correct that you can't reproduce the waveform from these samples. You can't perfectly reproduce those waveforms even if you used a 196kHz, or 196000kHz, sampling rate.
According to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, you can perfectly reproduce a sinusoidal waveform (phase and amplitude included), if the frequency components of that waveform are less than half the sampling rate. Therefore when we talk about sampling signals, we are always talking about sampling sinusoidal waveforms. Square or sawtooth waves cannot be sampled, because their sinusoidal frequency components extend to the infinite.
Hope that makes sense to you.
I can't comment too much on the sufficiency of 16-bit levels to a sample, but the article does say that the noise introduced at this level is below human hearing, so if correct, seems to me it'll do the job. That's 65536 different levels of amplitude. Should be enough to capture the quietest oboe and loudest trumpet, at the same time. If pop music recording studios are compressing the dynamics to the upper range of the bit level, that doesn't stop a classical recording studio from using the whole 16-bit range.
The instructions only describe how to do the "Fresh" upgrade method. It does not cover the "Package" upgrade method in detail, although it does mention the method, as well as pros and cons.
Sorry, you've yet to convince me that Mint can't do an in-place upgrade. I am convinced, though, that the instructions encourage a fresh install.
Indeed! The very fact that they're blatantly broadcasting a copyrighted song in public, means they deserve some time in the "cage". I suggest you write into your local representative and complain about this abuse of copyright.
Yep, it's an ingenious scam, and it worked perfectly. Sucked me in, that's for sure. For all his affability and good nature, Tim Schafer is one hell of an evil genius. You have to give him cred for that.
I can only hope he tops it off by making the game about an evil genius who swindles millions from unsuspecting netizens. Using the SCUMM game engine. Now that would be inspired evil!
Wii games can be patched. Look up Zelda Skyward Sword. You can download a patch for it. It may be an exception to the rule, though. I'm not experienced enough with the Wii.
Yep, the PS3 has removed features with their patches, which I think is a horrible precedent for device updates. I definitely got burnt when they removed Linux support. I can't believe our legal systems allowed them to do it. The amusing thing is, it accelerated the attempts by hackers to crack the console. Hence, it achieved exactly the opposite of what Sony wanted. A stupid decision on Sony's part.
You have to admit though, the PS3 has also added a good number of new features with updates. Support for new bluray features, improved video file playback, 3D support, online TV channels, better browser abilities, motion control support, video editor, in-game custom music, added visuals while playing music. Just some that I can remember off the top of my head. New features, basically for free. It does make the console much more interesting.
OK, that is a much more reasonable argument than your first post. You've adopted a similar argument to Steve Keen.
I believe your argument is flawed though, because I don't think house mortgages necessarily increase retail consumer spending. In fact, I believe it may actually depress consumer spending, as mortgagees will pare back regular spending to concentrate on loan repayments. Also, a fall in house prices won't necessarily translate to an oversupply on the market. People are loathe to sell their property at a lower price than they bought it. If they can, the majority will hold onto their houses and wait for the market to increase.
Anyway, we'll see what happens by 2017. I'm certainly holding onto my house.
Australia has not got the recipe for a major real estate drop. Unemployment is not high, the economy is good, there is no oversupply of housing on the market due to forced sales. Housing has dropped in price, sure, but it has been in the order of 3 - 5%. I'm guessing that it's because of a self-fulfilling prophecy: people are expecting house prices to drop, so therefore they don't buy at higher prices.
You forgot to mention that Sydney prices have generally risen, not declined. You also forgot to mention that the housing declines have been skewed to the high end market, and the mid to low end has stagnated or increased in price.
I'm always amused when people try to conclude what will happen in Australia, based on what is happening in another part of the world. Get your fundamentals right, and then I'll consider the argument.
When something is wrong in Windows, often the fix is a tweak of registry entries and values. The regedit command may be a GUI program, and thus satisfy your assertion that you can fix things in the GUI, but I'd much rather use the Linux command line and associated man pages. At least commands and config files have a man page, unlike the items in the windows registry. I don't know what distribution you've used, but I rarely encounter an empty man page.
I understand what you're trying to say. You can certainly fix more problems via the Windows GUI, than you can via the Linux GUI (Ubuntu being my reference). The problem is, a GUI system is quite complex, and more can go wrong with it. When the system craps itself, you'd better hope you can get low level interface access. That's what Linux allows, and what Windows generally does not. Windows 8 is learning from this, by requiring that all server apps must run without a GUI, and making the GUI modular, installable only if needed. I've sorely wished for this in the past, trying to fix Windows issues, frustrated when the GUI is misbehaving.
I've rarely had driver issues with Linux, but certainly have with Windows. Let me tell you of the pain I went through trying to get wireless and usb3 running on Windows 7 on my laptop. The Intel Advanced-N 6200 wireless chipset would not work with drivers manually downloaded and installed directly from the Intel website. In contrast, both wireless and usb3 worked without hassle in Linux. In fact, I had to boot into Linux to download different drivers to try and fix the Windows system.
I'm not sure what distribution you've used, but I've seen plenty of boring work done on the Debian system. And that's a completely open, volunteer based distribution. The busted toilet has been cleaned by volunteers. It may not be a pretty toilet, but it's clean, and it gets the job done.
In summary, no one system is perfect. Anyone who says different is trying to sell you something.
I'll concede your point. As far as platforming skills is concerned, the Meat Circus had a jump in difficulty, 'scuse the pun. I took more time to solve levels like Black Velvetopia or Gloria's Theater, but that difficulty was from a puzzle solving perspective.
Nightmare Fuel? Oh, all the meat everywhere! Hmmm, you know, it didn't bother me. As you know, there was a storyline based reason for all the meat appearing everywhere, as well as the bunnies.
If the Psychonauts 2 deal goes through, I may even buy a copy of Minecraft for myself. Not that I need to add any more to the pile of shame.
"Fairly easily"? Means that, while I had many attempts, I made definite progress with most attempts. From memory, it took me a little over an hour to finish. Maybe I just discovered the tricks of the level a little quicker than most. It felt challenging, but manageable, to me.
I remember getting stuck a little at the point where the figment dad is throwing flameballs at you while you're walking a tightrope. But that was very soon after a soft save point, so it was easy to repeat and get the timing right.
Well, to be fair, the grammar was much better than what a regular 16 year old is capable of.
I do disagree about the rant on Brutal Legend, though. It wasn't perfect, but it was quite fun, interesting characters and story, and I thought it was a very good game. Not excellent, but definitely very good. The combination of melee and real time strategy needed a bit more work, but was certainly inventive.
Meat Circus was tricky, but it wasn't THAT bad. I cleared it fairly easily, and enjoyed it to boot. People always dredge up that level when they want to complain about Psychonauts.
Having said that, if your timing and pattern recognition is not good, I can certainly see you'll have problems with it. The level is not forgiving.
Now if you want a truly difficult game, I recommend playing Demon's Souls or the Dark World/Glitch levels on Super Meat Boy. Compared to these, Meat Circus is a walk in the park.
Thank goodness someone has actually posted something relatively negative about ZFS. The way many people rave about it, you'd think it was God's gift to filesystems.
Ironically, that has made me more interested in using it. My general instinct is to distrust anything that is painted as all good.
The only people in IT that know what they are doing are the "hackers".
Actually, if you think about it, the crackers have a much much easier time of it. They only have to find one security issue. The people in IT have to try and cover ALL security issues. Never mind the fact that it's impossible to cover all security issues, because IT staff don't always have access to source code, are not always expert programmers, and don't necessarily know the best security practices for all programming languages.
The PS3 cell has 24 cores? You'll have to explain that one to me. I thought the PS3 had 1 PPU (with two cores), and 7 SPUs . That should be the equivalent of 9 cores, shouldn't it?
Gaming is another good use for 3D television. Driving with Gran Turismo 5 on a 3D screen is a definite improvement over a regular screen. Although, I played Batman Arkham City on the 3D screen, and while it did give the game depth, I can't say it improved the gameplay.
I bought the bundle as well. You can alter the resolution of Super Meat Boy in the Help and Options section. I've got it running at 1920x1080, fullscreen. Works a charm.
The game starts up with a picture of a game controller, so I assume there's some code in there which allows it to use one. I haven't looked much into it yet.
Funny thing is, the game doesn't save settings, so I have to go in and change the resolution every time I start the game. Oh well, a minor niggle.
Why did I phrase it negatively? The romantic characters were often stereotypical of that genre. You could pick the eventual male partner from a mile off. There was always one. They were strong, confident (except possibly in the precursor to the protagonist's first sexual encounter with them, where they would show a tender coyness), mysterious, honourable (although it may not appear that way at first). The females were amazingly beautiful, desirable, driven, confident in their sexuality and individuality.
Thanks for avoiding the "emotionally stunted geek" comment. It would have been a cheap shot against what I think is a very valid criticism of her novels.
Dragonsong was hardly romantic. I'm not sure where you got that idea. Menolly was holed up in a cliff cave, with dragon lizard eggs and eventual newborns, for half the novel. The rest was spent either striving against prejudice, or trying to act inconspicuous. Hardly romantic stuff. Maybe you were thinking of Dragondrums?
Anyway, I don't want to turn this into a critique of her characterisations. She was a great writer. She wrote fluidly and imaginatively. I enjoy reading her novels. At this moment, that's what I'd like to associate with Anne.
Slashdot Mirror
Sample _length_, not sample rate. The longer you sample a sine wave, the closer to perfect you will be able to reproduce it, provided the sample rate is over twice as high as the frequency.
While I'm no expert on audio, only having studied undergrad signal theory for an electrical engineering degree, seems like the question here is: can the human ear discern between hearing a square or sawtooth wave, compared to hearing their sinusoidal waveforms bandwidth limited to the audible frequency range. If the answer is no, then distorting a square or sawtooth wave into sinusoidal components is not a problem. Hence there is no need to perfectly reproduce a square or sawtooth wave, because our ears would not be able to tell the difference.
Read the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. It's perfect reproduction. Mind you, there are caveats. Sample length has to be infinite. So, it's not practical, but what I said was actually perfectly accurate.
In any case, what I was trying to get at, is that sampling a sinusoidal waveform, even a 15kHz wave at a 44kHz sampling rate, reproduction is going to be very accurate. The mathematics show it. Certainly orders of magnitude more accurate than capturing a square or sawtooth.
If a soft flute has a range up to 500, that's still quite an accurate capture of amplitude. It's greater than 10, and even 11, so Nigel would approve. Besides, the practicality of listening to a cannon and soft flute, at their natural volume level, in the same piece, is rather bewildering.
You have a few inaccuracies in your post. No sampling rate will ever perfectly capture a square wave or sawtooth wave, unless you use the exact frequency of that wave (or multiples of that frequency), and happen to match the phase of the wave with the sampling point. So given your example of a 44k sample rate capturing a 15kHz square or sawtooth wave, you are correct that you can't reproduce the waveform from these samples. You can't perfectly reproduce those waveforms even if you used a 196kHz, or 196000kHz, sampling rate.
According to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, you can perfectly reproduce a sinusoidal waveform (phase and amplitude included), if the frequency components of that waveform are less than half the sampling rate. Therefore when we talk about sampling signals, we are always talking about sampling sinusoidal waveforms. Square or sawtooth waves cannot be sampled, because their sinusoidal frequency components extend to the infinite.
Hope that makes sense to you.
I can't comment too much on the sufficiency of 16-bit levels to a sample, but the article does say that the noise introduced at this level is below human hearing, so if correct, seems to me it'll do the job. That's 65536 different levels of amplitude. Should be enough to capture the quietest oboe and loudest trumpet, at the same time. If pop music recording studios are compressing the dynamics to the upper range of the bit level, that doesn't stop a classical recording studio from using the whole 16-bit range.
The instructions only describe how to do the "Fresh" upgrade method. It does not cover the "Package" upgrade method in detail, although it does mention the method, as well as pros and cons.
Sorry, you've yet to convince me that Mint can't do an in-place upgrade. I am convinced, though, that the instructions encourage a fresh install.
The link you posted shows that Mint can be upgraded by two methods: Fresh and Package.
The Fresh method is a backup-reinstall-restore process. The Package method is a package upgrade process.
So, it seems you can "upgrade" with Mint. Not surprising, really, considering it's a Ubuntu/Debian based distribution.
Won't stick to human flesh? What a shame. I was just considering the possibilities for this April Fools Day.
Fibre based phones requires power to devices on both ends. Copper based phones can (and are) powered by the telco on their end.
So those massive diesel generators aren't going to be much use in an emergency, for a fibre network.
Indeed! The very fact that they're blatantly broadcasting a copyrighted song in public, means they deserve some time in the "cage". I suggest you write into your local representative and complain about this abuse of copyright.
Jammed? Raspberry! There's only one man who would dare give me Raspberry. CowboyNeal !
Ahhh, the art of subtle sarcasm has drowned in a sea of surly moderators.
As much as I hate to spell it out, please read the above with a sense of humour.
Yep, it's an ingenious scam, and it worked perfectly. Sucked me in, that's for sure. For all his affability and good nature, Tim Schafer is one hell of an evil genius. You have to give him cred for that.
I can only hope he tops it off by making the game about an evil genius who swindles millions from unsuspecting netizens. Using the SCUMM game engine. Now that would be inspired evil!
Wii games can be patched. Look up Zelda Skyward Sword. You can download a patch for it. It may be an exception to the rule, though. I'm not experienced enough with the Wii.
Yep, the PS3 has removed features with their patches, which I think is a horrible precedent for device updates. I definitely got burnt when they removed Linux support. I can't believe our legal systems allowed them to do it. The amusing thing is, it accelerated the attempts by hackers to crack the console. Hence, it achieved exactly the opposite of what Sony wanted. A stupid decision on Sony's part.
You have to admit though, the PS3 has also added a good number of new features with updates. Support for new bluray features, improved video file playback, 3D support, online TV channels, better browser abilities, motion control support, video editor, in-game custom music, added visuals while playing music. Just some that I can remember off the top of my head. New features, basically for free. It does make the console much more interesting.
OK, that is a much more reasonable argument than your first post. You've adopted a similar argument to Steve Keen.
I believe your argument is flawed though, because I don't think house mortgages necessarily increase retail consumer spending. In fact, I believe it may actually depress consumer spending, as mortgagees will pare back regular spending to concentrate on loan repayments. Also, a fall in house prices won't necessarily translate to an oversupply on the market. People are loathe to sell their property at a lower price than they bought it. If they can, the majority will hold onto their houses and wait for the market to increase.
Anyway, we'll see what happens by 2017. I'm certainly holding onto my house.
Good luck with all that, complete loony.
Australia has not got the recipe for a major real estate drop. Unemployment is not high, the economy is good, there is no oversupply of housing on the market due to forced sales. Housing has dropped in price, sure, but it has been in the order of 3 - 5%. I'm guessing that it's because of a self-fulfilling prophecy: people are expecting house prices to drop, so therefore they don't buy at higher prices.
You forgot to mention that Sydney prices have generally risen, not declined. You also forgot to mention that the housing declines have been skewed to the high end market, and the mid to low end has stagnated or increased in price.
I'm always amused when people try to conclude what will happen in Australia, based on what is happening in another part of the world. Get your fundamentals right, and then I'll consider the argument.
When something is wrong in Windows, often the fix is a tweak of registry entries and values. The regedit command may be a GUI program, and thus satisfy your assertion that you can fix things in the GUI, but I'd much rather use the Linux command line and associated man pages. At least commands and config files have a man page, unlike the items in the windows registry. I don't know what distribution you've used, but I rarely encounter an empty man page.
I understand what you're trying to say. You can certainly fix more problems via the Windows GUI, than you can via the Linux GUI (Ubuntu being my reference). The problem is, a GUI system is quite complex, and more can go wrong with it. When the system craps itself, you'd better hope you can get low level interface access. That's what Linux allows, and what Windows generally does not. Windows 8 is learning from this, by requiring that all server apps must run without a GUI, and making the GUI modular, installable only if needed. I've sorely wished for this in the past, trying to fix Windows issues, frustrated when the GUI is misbehaving.
I've rarely had driver issues with Linux, but certainly have with Windows. Let me tell you of the pain I went through trying to get wireless and usb3 running on Windows 7 on my laptop. The Intel Advanced-N 6200 wireless chipset would not work with drivers manually downloaded and installed directly from the Intel website. In contrast, both wireless and usb3 worked without hassle in Linux. In fact, I had to boot into Linux to download different drivers to try and fix the Windows system.
I'm not sure what distribution you've used, but I've seen plenty of boring work done on the Debian system. And that's a completely open, volunteer based distribution. The busted toilet has been cleaned by volunteers. It may not be a pretty toilet, but it's clean, and it gets the job done.
In summary, no one system is perfect. Anyone who says different is trying to sell you something.
I'll concede your point. As far as platforming skills is concerned, the Meat Circus had a jump in difficulty, 'scuse the pun. I took more time to solve levels like Black Velvetopia or Gloria's Theater, but that difficulty was from a puzzle solving perspective.
Nightmare Fuel? Oh, all the meat everywhere! Hmmm, you know, it didn't bother me. As you know, there was a storyline based reason for all the meat appearing everywhere, as well as the bunnies.
If the Psychonauts 2 deal goes through, I may even buy a copy of Minecraft for myself. Not that I need to add any more to the pile of shame.
"Fairly easily"? Means that, while I had many attempts, I made definite progress with most attempts. From memory, it took me a little over an hour to finish. Maybe I just discovered the tricks of the level a little quicker than most. It felt challenging, but manageable, to me.
I remember getting stuck a little at the point where the figment dad is throwing flameballs at you while you're walking a tightrope. But that was very soon after a soft save point, so it was easy to repeat and get the timing right.
Well, to be fair, the grammar was much better than what a regular 16 year old is capable of.
I do disagree about the rant on Brutal Legend, though. It wasn't perfect, but it was quite fun, interesting characters and story, and I thought it was a very good game. Not excellent, but definitely very good. The combination of melee and real time strategy needed a bit more work, but was certainly inventive.
Meat Circus was tricky, but it wasn't THAT bad. I cleared it fairly easily, and enjoyed it to boot. People always dredge up that level when they want to complain about Psychonauts.
Having said that, if your timing and pattern recognition is not good, I can certainly see you'll have problems with it. The level is not forgiving.
Now if you want a truly difficult game, I recommend playing Demon's Souls or the Dark World/Glitch levels on Super Meat Boy. Compared to these, Meat Circus is a walk in the park.
Thank goodness someone has actually posted something relatively negative about ZFS. The way many people rave about it, you'd think it was God's gift to filesystems.
Ironically, that has made me more interested in using it. My general instinct is to distrust anything that is painted as all good.
Actually, if you think about it, the crackers have a much much easier time of it. They only have to find one security issue. The people in IT have to try and cover ALL security issues. Never mind the fact that it's impossible to cover all security issues, because IT staff don't always have access to source code, are not always expert programmers, and don't necessarily know the best security practices for all programming languages.
The PS3 cell has 24 cores? You'll have to explain that one to me. I thought the PS3 had 1 PPU (with two cores), and 7 SPUs . That should be the equivalent of 9 cores, shouldn't it?
Gaming is another good use for 3D television. Driving with Gran Turismo 5 on a 3D screen is a definite improvement over a regular screen. Although, I played Batman Arkham City on the 3D screen, and while it did give the game depth, I can't say it improved the gameplay.
I bought the bundle as well. You can alter the resolution of Super Meat Boy in the Help and Options section. I've got it running at 1920x1080, fullscreen. Works a charm.
The game starts up with a picture of a game controller, so I assume there's some code in there which allows it to use one. I haven't looked much into it yet.
Funny thing is, the game doesn't save settings, so I have to go in and change the resolution every time I start the game. Oh well, a minor niggle.
Why did I phrase it negatively? The romantic characters were often stereotypical of that genre. You could pick the eventual male partner from a mile off. There was always one. They were strong, confident (except possibly in the precursor to the protagonist's first sexual encounter with them, where they would show a tender coyness), mysterious, honourable (although it may not appear that way at first). The females were amazingly beautiful, desirable, driven, confident in their sexuality and individuality.
Thanks for avoiding the "emotionally stunted geek" comment. It would have been a cheap shot against what I think is a very valid criticism of her novels.
Dragonsong was hardly romantic. I'm not sure where you got that idea. Menolly was holed up in a cliff cave, with dragon lizard eggs and eventual newborns, for half the novel. The rest was spent either striving against prejudice, or trying to act inconspicuous. Hardly romantic stuff. Maybe you were thinking of Dragondrums?
Anyway, I don't want to turn this into a critique of her characterisations. She was a great writer. She wrote fluidly and imaginatively. I enjoy reading her novels. At this moment, that's what I'd like to associate with Anne.