I pay a flat rate every month... it doesn't cost me a dime extra to receive spam.
Just one of my domains receives more than 400000 (as in 4E5) emails a day - all but a few dozen complete junk. If left unfiltered, this completely swamps the 5Mbit broadband connection, leaving it useless for anything but delivering viagra ads. With a complex system of auto-whitelist, auto-blacklist, bayesian filtering, SPF, domain reputation, and temporary IP banning, I get this down to a steady trickle of 56Kbit (day) to 400Kbit(4am) email traffic. This makes the internet usable, but then there are occasional false positives resulting in important mail being lost. On the other hand, delivering all the spam would result in essentially *all* the important mail being lost among all the spam. No, this is not an ISP, but just one guy with one mailbox selling stuff from a website. Every false positive means a lost sale. Furthermore, maintaining the filter to keep up with the constant arms race with spammer technology is a huge waste of developer time (even more so than reading slashdot).
So yes, receiving spam is incredibly expensive, and the perpetrators are just as much thieves as the guy robbing a bank. After all, one bank robbery doesn't cost any one person all that much...
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as many as 50 percent of sexually active men and women become infected with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) at some point in their lives.
Yes, it's an epidemic among the "sexually active". Staying a virgin until marriage, and remaining faithful after marriage is not just an old fashioned moral standard, it's healthy.
The link you provide says that "Both the Family Research Council and the group Focus on the Family support widespread (universal) availability of HPV vaccines but oppose mandatory HPV vaccinations for entry to public school." HPV, like AIDS, is mostly associated with certain behaviors (sex outside of marriage between one man and one woman and illegal intravenous drug use). Yes, you could get raped, or get in a car wreck and exchange blood or whatever, but these risks are small enough that someone might not want to take on the risk of the vaccine. On the other hand, a health care worker with the risk of accidental needle sticks might consider such vaccines a good bet, even if they never engage in the risky behaviours. More importantly, the less likely disease vectors (accidents, rape) are not enough to cause an epidemic. So such vaccines should be available (maybe even subsidized), but not mandatory.
And *all* vaccines have a risk. The Polio vaccine carried a risk, but diseases like polio, smallpox, or flu are easily spread just by day to day contact, so it made sense to make it mandatory. That is why polio vaccine is no longer given in many places - because the risk of contracting polio from the vaccine (very low but non zero) has begun to exceed the risk of contracting polio in the wild.
There is lots historical precedent for your depressing prognosis. But there is usually the "next" civilization waiting to take the place of the one going down in flames. That was the case with Babylon -> Medo-Persia -> Greece -> Rome. In the aftermath of Rome, we have had Germany, Italy, Spain, France, Britain take center stage (not in that order) for their 100 years of world dominion - the offspring of Rome. Then came the US - the offspring of Britain, with its rival USSR (like Carthage against Rome), but now both on their way out. Who's next? China? India? Africa? China looks like the obvious candidate, but I think Africa will surprise us one day. And India (also offspring of Britain in many ways) has the population, technology base, and less of an oppressive government than China.
If I'm still around, I hope it's India and not China coming up next. One thing I'll say for Britain, their colonies, however peaceful or violent their bids for independence, have retained a great deal of freedom for individuals.
Other things that you write should not be patentable. I can just see the patent trolls waiting for a blockbuster like Harry Potter to come along so they can claim their cut for having patented "protagonists with a hidden relationship to the villain - but in a novel about modern day alchemists".
Putting compressed/liquified hydrogen in tanks is the stupidest possible way to have a hydrogen powered car. Even with future carbon nanotube tanks (like the space elevator), the energy density is still less than current batteries. Steel tanks are a joke. The energy lost in compressing/liquifying the H2 is ridiculous.
To make hydrogen practical requires a carrier. There has been some experimentation with metal carriers, but by far the most efficient hydrogen carrier, packing in far more hydrogen per unit volume than even liquid H2, is carbon. Amazingly, someone/something long ago put huge deposits of carbon-encapsulated hydrogen in giant underground reservoirs for us to use.
The only problem is, the carbon carrier is *supposed* to be recycled, and we haven't bothered doing that, and instead have just dumped all the hydrogen stripped carbon into the atmosphere as CO2, in quantities large enough to alter the atmospheric CO2 levels to a worrisome extent. As soon as we start recycling the carbon like we're supposed to, hydrogen cars will take off. In fact, the infrastructure is already built!
You are correct in that there are passels of modern Christian advice telling people to judge by the heart, not by outward appearance, for instance here. However, these people have missed the point of the passage - that only God is capable of judging the heart. We people can only see the outward appearance, and make inferences about the heart - but we are never entirely accurate. In the passage in question, Samuel only knew about David's heart because God was supernaturally telling him.
Judgements of intent - imperfect as they are - are an integral part of justice. It is the difference between degrees of murder. But these are not the same as judging the heart. Determining whether a crime was intended or accidental is a question of intelligent design (of humans, not some higher power). The new hate-crime laws in America are examples of human justice trying to judge the heart - with breathtaking injustice as the result, along with pervasive invasion of privacy to gather "evidence" for judging the heart (be careful what books you buy).
Islam has an answer to the question of how to stop evil, war, and bloodshed. Their answer is that people need to be forced to be good. An Islamic state with the power to enforce sharia law is essential to the muslim concept of how to overcome evil. When the entire world is under sharia, and everyone is forced to be good, then there will be peace - islam.
Now there can be liberal interpretations of Islam - where each individual needs to wage "jihad" against their own evil. But this is not the traditional stance, or even an obvious one just from reading Quran. It is an assimilation of the Christian idea that "the line between good and evil runs not between us and them, but through each of our hearts".
My problem with Islam is that when a person is externally forced to behave well, that might make the streets safer if done effectively, but that person is still not a good person. The evil within them is just biding its time, waiting for an opportunity. And no external enforcement by human beings is perfect. There will always be loopholes and opportunities to do evil.
just install a Linux distro. (Or even a retail XP if you *really* need Windows.) It isn't hard if you don't have to worry about dual boot and shrinking partitions and stuff. Just stick in a Fedora or Ubuntu LiveCD, and if GUI runs, click the install to disk icon. Onboard wireless will most likely be broadcom and require you to download an XP driver and install ndiswrapper from the livna.org (Fedora) or Ubuntu unfree repository. In many cases, I don't bother, and buy a $40 USB wireless dongle with a supported chipset.
If you don't have time to mess with the above, sell the Vista laptop and buy a Mac (or buy a quality preinstalled Linux - but they cost as much as Mac).
If a someone is seen entering a house, the victim is heard screaming "oh my God, he's killing me!!!!" and that someone then is seen fleeing the house with a bloody knife, then there is only circumstantial evidence that he committed the crime.
And if you read this in a good detective story, you would immediately know that the man fleeing the house with a bloody knife is almost certainly *not* the killer. Near the end of the book, you will be gratified to learn that indeed, it was not the poor bloke fleeing the house, (who was fleeing for his own life after unsuccessfully battling the killer), but neither was it the sinister filthy rich jerk you've suspected all along. In fact, you would have never suspected who it turns out to be.
While these stories are fiction, and idealize the principle, circumstantial evidence in real life can be like a magicians sleight of hand, making you believe you saw what wasn't there. The classic ballad Go Down you Murderer speaks to the sometimes tragic results.
The color is based on the energy of the electrons, just like photon "color" is based on the energy of individual photons. The microscope is "color" because it can record the energy of the electrons as well as their density. Thus it is "color" just as much as your eyes - which measure photon energy (cone cells of 2 to 3 or in some cases 4 types) as well as photon density (rod cells). Note that your cone cells require more light to get a color signal. In dim light, you see black and white via your rod cells only - the situation with earlier electron microscopes. By increasing the electron capture 10 fold, true electron color vision is enabled.
Are photons ever at rest? If so, can their rest mass be measured? Is there an indirect way to confirm that photon rest mass is zero? Or is this an untested (and largely theoretical) prediction of relativity?
Or put in a less inflammatory way, how preventing or slowing some P2P operations or otherwise using some QoS methods is going to cause any disastrous effect. Part of the problem I have in seeing it is I don't see the importance of the people having very high speed broadband.
That is how most people get opensource distros, from Solaris to Fedora to Ubuntu. If ISPs take away the ability to efficiently distribute large ISOs, we are back to ordering DVDs through the mail.
After terrorists assault the government offices, killing some ministers but missing the president, the police "torture" one of the terrorists captured during the escape. In a technique reminiscent of waterboarding, they put him blindfolded into a helicopter, and after several minutes of questions in the hovering helicopter, which he refuses to answer, they push him out the door. He screams, but lands on the grass unhurt - the helicopter is hovering only a few feet above the ground. They threaten to keep taking it higher before pushing him out unless he tells where the hideout it.
And, the point of my comment, he gives in and tells them. So they go to attack the hideout. But, the terrorist mastermind was waiting for them (and it isn't their permanent hideout) and takes out the helicopter with a SAM. So even when "torture" works, you still don't know if it is deliberate misinformation. The person under torture doesn't necessarily know whether the information he is trying not to reveal is real or misinformation.
I've installed Fedora 8 and Centos-5 for neighbors and family. Yes, it is a painful process discovering all the hardware issues and resolving them, and takes me about a week. In some cases, I had to report bugs (e.g. headphone jack not working for intel_hda driver) and wait some months for the driver gurus to fix it. (For what it's worth, it took me even longer to install Windows on some recycled PCs - and glitches are never fixed.) But after that, it just works. This is not the case with the Dell Ubuntu offerings. Ubuntu boots (which is helpful), but they don't bother getting *everything* to work. You still have to do that yourself.
The most confusing thing that happened recently to my "users" is that they started getting XPS documents (unfree spec) as email attachments - courtesy of MS. Fortunately, half of the Windows using recipients hadn't upgraded to the latest MS, and couldn't read it either, so I had some credibility explaining the problem.
In case you were wondering, no I can't easily recycle the ridiculous amount of effort needed to create "personal OEM" versions of Linux. This is because you can't get identical hardware unless you buy it all at once and keep it in a warehouse. Manufacturers keep changing chipsets on a whim. Even the same model on the same shelf has often had different chipsets. They *never* print the chipset on the retail box. (Grrrrrr.) There are companies that offer properly configured pre-installed Linux. But it ends up costing as much as a Mac. And at that price point, a Mac looks a lot sexier to an end user.
We did buy a bunch of identical DTR Status systems a while back where I work. That was an excellent investment, even though they are rather dated now (600Mhz Celeron). Everything was figured out in one go, and they were and still are drop in servers for email/firewall/etc.
I hate it when the the same model of a component on the same shelf with identical packaging has a different chipset. There should be a law requiring manufacturers to list software facing chipsets on their packaging - just like being required to list ingredients on packaged food.
The Intel hda sound chipset is supported in alsa 1.0.14. 1.0.12 supported it, but had some issues. In Redhat land, that would be CentOS-5 and Fedora-8. While browsing for the "issues", I saw lots of Ubuntu traffic with solutions.
Good history correction. Let me explain what each of the anti-forgery methods offers:
SPF - validates rfc2821 MAIL FROM using using connect ip. Optionally validates HELO using connect ip. Provides for sender requested policy for dealing with suspect messages. Very useful to email admins, allows rejecting forged emails rather than causing a bogus DSN to an innocent bystander. Forgeries are rejected before SMTP DATA, for high efficiency. Also enables reputation tracking (karma kounting) by domain. End user typically isn't aware of Return-Path or HELO, so SPF is of minimal value against phishing.
SenderID/PRA (M$) - validates one rfc2822 header field chosen by the sender using connect ip. Effectively validates Resent-Sender as that is the header field typically chosen by spammers. Requires email client to display which header field was validated to be effective, and requires minimal intelligence on the part of user to draw appropriate conclusions from that information (thereby dooming it to failure). Same policy mechanism as SPF, allowing senders to effectively protect the Resent-Sender header field.
DKIM - cryptographically validates multiple rfc2822 header fields (e.g. "From"). Still working on sender policy framework. Validates normal header fields that user sees, so can be helpful now against phishing if the email client displays validation status. When the sender policy portion is finished, DKIM will allow senders to request that recipient MTAs, for example, reject emails from example.com that lack a valid From header field signature. This will prevent end users from ever seeing a forged From (or other fields protected via the sender policy), provided the recipient MTA follows the recommended policy, thus not relying on end user intelligence.
US soldiers undergo waterboarding as a standard part of training. The effectiveness of waterboarding depends on *not* knowing what it is before hand. Now that it has been beaten to death on the news, the terrorists practice undergoing waterboarding as part of their training also. So the effectiveness is now essentially zero. Which is why I heard some high mucky muck say "we don't use it anymore" in the last few months.
Since the Romans invaded Britain, English speakers have used latinate phrasing to appear scholarly. Anglo Saxon words were short and pithy, like "home", "pig", "horse", "cat". But scholars learn latin, so it's "domicile", "porcine", "equine", "feline". In modern English, the choice gives you a palette of moods - like colors on a web page.
Leakage current is already accounted for, because power measurement takes place between the device and the wall socket, not between the appliance and the device. However, I realize that measuring AC power is complex, and comparing the RMS of two different waveforms might be misleading. But as long as the power meter uses the same method, it still saves money.:-) Also the noise reduction is *very* noticeable, and easy to compare by moving the appliance between the Green Plug and bare outlet.
Yes, the point of the story was that his mocking attitude, and insistence on the term "zero bandwidth" (showing a lack of deep understanding of what he had invented), is what caused his rejection. And the inventor in TFA is wise to be humble and avoid any association with "perpetual motion".
I have devices branded "Green Plug" for our refrigerator and washing machine. These devices modulate the AC waveform fed to the motor. The result is quieter operation, and measurably less power used. It works because the magnetic fields in the motor store energy, causing the power draw to vary over each cycle. The device feeds only the power needed. Without the device, the excess power is dissipated as noise and heat. These devices are no longer sold, because large motors now typically incorporate the technology internally.
I knew about a guy who had invented a "zero bandwidth transmitter" 40 years ago. When I saw it 20 years ago, he was very bitter that no one would even look at his invention. He could demonstrate voice communication over miles, with official FCC interference monitoring equipment showing "zero bandwidth". A friend of his showed me the basics of how it worked. It was actually a "spread spectrum" transmitter. He actually had a useful invention (same principle invented since by others). But he insisted on calling it "zero bandwidth", and mocked the experts who explained the mathematical impossibility of such a thing - because he had working prototypes, the experts were clearly deluded in his mind.
you buy a preinstalled system like Mac and Windows people do. Yes, apart from the WalMart and Dell experiments, preinstalled Linux costs about as much as a Mac. Yes, the cheap preinstalls have some hardware not working out of the box (as is the case with some $400 Vista laptops I've bought). When you install it yourself on a random hardware configuration, you just gave yourself the job of "OEM". That is what OEMs do (with varying quality). They install and configure the software for a particular hardware configuration. No, retail Windows doesn't run everything "out of the box" on random hardware either. I know, I've tried it. It takes weeks to track down all the necessary drivers.
So if you don't have the time, pay someone else to do it - buy preinstalled. Google for "preinstalled linux".
Slashdot Mirror
Just one of my domains receives more than 400000 (as in 4E5) emails a day - all but a few dozen complete junk. If left unfiltered, this completely swamps the 5Mbit broadband connection, leaving it useless for anything but delivering viagra ads. With a complex system of auto-whitelist, auto-blacklist, bayesian filtering, SPF, domain reputation, and temporary IP banning, I get this down to a steady trickle of 56Kbit (day) to 400Kbit(4am) email traffic. This makes the internet usable, but then there are occasional false positives resulting in important mail being lost. On the other hand, delivering all the spam would result in essentially *all* the important mail being lost among all the spam. No, this is not an ISP, but just one guy with one mailbox selling stuff from a website. Every false positive means a lost sale. Furthermore, maintaining the filter to keep up with the constant arms race with spammer technology is a huge waste of developer time (even more so than reading slashdot).
So yes, receiving spam is incredibly expensive, and the perpetrators are just as much thieves as the guy robbing a bank. After all, one bank robbery doesn't cost any one person all that much ...
Yes, it's an epidemic among the "sexually active". Staying a virgin until marriage, and remaining faithful after marriage is not just an old fashioned moral standard, it's healthy.
And *all* vaccines have a risk. The Polio vaccine carried a risk, but diseases like polio, smallpox, or flu are easily spread just by day to day contact, so it made sense to make it mandatory. That is why polio vaccine is no longer given in many places - because the risk of contracting polio from the vaccine (very low but non zero) has begun to exceed the risk of contracting polio in the wild.
If I'm still around, I hope it's India and not China coming up next. One thing I'll say for Britain, their colonies, however peaceful or violent their bids for independence, have retained a great deal of freedom for individuals.
Other things that you write should not be patentable. I can just see the patent trolls waiting for a blockbuster like Harry Potter to come along so they can claim their cut for having patented "protagonists with a hidden relationship to the villain - but in a novel about modern day alchemists".
To make hydrogen practical requires a carrier. There has been some experimentation with metal carriers, but by far the most efficient hydrogen carrier, packing in far more hydrogen per unit volume than even liquid H2, is carbon. Amazingly, someone/something long ago put huge deposits of carbon-encapsulated hydrogen in giant underground reservoirs for us to use.
The only problem is, the carbon carrier is *supposed* to be recycled, and we haven't bothered doing that, and instead have just dumped all the hydrogen stripped carbon into the atmosphere as CO2, in quantities large enough to alter the atmospheric CO2 levels to a worrisome extent. As soon as we start recycling the carbon like we're supposed to, hydrogen cars will take off. In fact, the infrastructure is already built!
Judgements of intent - imperfect as they are - are an integral part of justice. It is the difference between degrees of murder. But these are not the same as judging the heart. Determining whether a crime was intended or accidental is a question of intelligent design (of humans, not some higher power). The new hate-crime laws in America are examples of human justice trying to judge the heart - with breathtaking injustice as the result, along with pervasive invasion of privacy to gather "evidence" for judging the heart (be careful what books you buy).
Now there can be liberal interpretations of Islam - where each individual needs to wage "jihad" against their own evil. But this is not the traditional stance, or even an obvious one just from reading Quran. It is an assimilation of the Christian idea that "the line between good and evil runs not between us and them, but through each of our hearts".
My problem with Islam is that when a person is externally forced to behave well, that might make the streets safer if done effectively, but that person is still not a good person. The evil within them is just biding its time, waiting for an opportunity. And no external enforcement by human beings is perfect. There will always be loopholes and opportunities to do evil.
If you don't have time to mess with the above, sell the Vista laptop and buy a Mac (or buy a quality preinstalled Linux - but they cost as much as Mac).
And if you read this in a good detective story, you would immediately know that the man fleeing the house with a bloody knife is almost certainly *not* the killer. Near the end of the book, you will be gratified to learn that indeed, it was not the poor bloke fleeing the house, (who was fleeing for his own life after unsuccessfully battling the killer), but neither was it the sinister filthy rich jerk you've suspected all along. In fact, you would have never suspected who it turns out to be.
For a good example, try The Clue of the Twisted Candle.
While these stories are fiction, and idealize the principle, circumstantial evidence in real life can be like a magicians sleight of hand, making you believe you saw what wasn't there. The classic ballad Go Down you Murderer speaks to the sometimes tragic results.
Yes, energy loss spectra - as in electron energy. As in "color". Electron energy is "color". Just like photon energy.
The color is based on the energy of the electrons, just like photon "color" is based on the energy of individual photons. The microscope is "color" because it can record the energy of the electrons as well as their density. Thus it is "color" just as much as your eyes - which measure photon energy (cone cells of 2 to 3 or in some cases 4 types) as well as photon density (rod cells). Note that your cone cells require more light to get a color signal. In dim light, you see black and white via your rod cells only - the situation with earlier electron microscopes. By increasing the electron capture 10 fold, true electron color vision is enabled.
Are photons ever at rest? If so, can their rest mass be measured? Is there an indirect way to confirm that photon rest mass is zero? Or is this an untested (and largely theoretical) prediction of relativity?
That is how most people get opensource distros, from Solaris to Fedora to Ubuntu. If ISPs take away the ability to efficiently distribute large ISOs, we are back to ordering DVDs through the mail.
And, the point of my comment, he gives in and tells them. So they go to attack the hideout. But, the terrorist mastermind was waiting for them (and it isn't their permanent hideout) and takes out the helicopter with a SAM. So even when "torture" works, you still don't know if it is deliberate misinformation. The person under torture doesn't necessarily know whether the information he is trying not to reveal is real or misinformation.
The most confusing thing that happened recently to my "users" is that they started getting XPS documents (unfree spec) as email attachments - courtesy of MS. Fortunately, half of the Windows using recipients hadn't upgraded to the latest MS, and couldn't read it either, so I had some credibility explaining the problem.
In case you were wondering, no I can't easily recycle the ridiculous amount of effort needed to create "personal OEM" versions of Linux. This is because you can't get identical hardware unless you buy it all at once and keep it in a warehouse. Manufacturers keep changing chipsets on a whim. Even the same model on the same shelf has often had different chipsets. They *never* print the chipset on the retail box. (Grrrrrr.) There are companies that offer properly configured pre-installed Linux. But it ends up costing as much as a Mac. And at that price point, a Mac looks a lot sexier to an end user.
We did buy a bunch of identical DTR Status systems a while back where I work. That was an excellent investment, even though they are rather dated now (600Mhz Celeron). Everything was figured out in one go, and they were and still are drop in servers for email/firewall/etc.
I hate it when the the same model of a component on the same shelf with identical packaging has a different chipset. There should be a law requiring manufacturers to list software facing chipsets on their packaging - just like being required to list ingredients on packaged food.
The Intel hda sound chipset is supported in alsa 1.0.14. 1.0.12 supported it, but had some issues. In Redhat land, that would be CentOS-5 and Fedora-8. While browsing for the "issues", I saw lots of Ubuntu traffic with solutions.
SPF - validates rfc2821 MAIL FROM using using connect ip. Optionally validates HELO using connect ip. Provides for sender requested policy for dealing with suspect messages. Very useful to email admins, allows rejecting forged emails rather than causing a bogus DSN to an innocent bystander. Forgeries are rejected before SMTP DATA, for high efficiency. Also enables reputation tracking (karma kounting) by domain. End user typically isn't aware of Return-Path or HELO, so SPF is of minimal value against phishing.
SenderID/PRA (M$) - validates one rfc2822 header field chosen by the sender using connect ip. Effectively validates Resent-Sender as that is the header field typically chosen by spammers. Requires email client to display which header field was validated to be effective, and requires minimal intelligence on the part of user to draw appropriate conclusions from that information (thereby dooming it to failure). Same policy mechanism as SPF, allowing senders to effectively protect the Resent-Sender header field.
DKIM - cryptographically validates multiple rfc2822 header fields (e.g. "From"). Still working on sender policy framework. Validates normal header fields that user sees, so can be helpful now against phishing if the email client displays validation status. When the sender policy portion is finished, DKIM will allow senders to request that recipient MTAs, for example, reject emails from example.com that lack a valid From header field signature. This will prevent end users from ever seeing a forged From (or other fields protected via the sender policy), provided the recipient MTA follows the recommended policy, thus not relying on end user intelligence.
US soldiers undergo waterboarding as a standard part of training. The effectiveness of waterboarding depends on *not* knowing what it is before hand. Now that it has been beaten to death on the news, the terrorists practice undergoing waterboarding as part of their training also. So the effectiveness is now essentially zero. Which is why I heard some high mucky muck say "we don't use it anymore" in the last few months.
Since the Romans invaded Britain, English speakers have used latinate phrasing to appear scholarly. Anglo Saxon words were short and pithy, like "home", "pig", "horse", "cat". But scholars learn latin, so it's "domicile", "porcine", "equine", "feline". In modern English, the choice gives you a palette of moods - like colors on a web page.
A quick google search confirms that the Green Plug is no longer made because electrical motors produced in the last five years or so have been redesigned and now incorporate the same features as the plugs. Not because they didn't work on old motors.
Yes, the point of the story was that his mocking attitude, and insistence on the term "zero bandwidth" (showing a lack of deep understanding of what he had invented), is what caused his rejection. And the inventor in TFA is wise to be humble and avoid any association with "perpetual motion".
I have devices branded "Green Plug" for our refrigerator and washing machine. These devices modulate the AC waveform fed to the motor. The result is quieter operation, and measurably less power used. It works because the magnetic fields in the motor store energy, causing the power draw to vary over each cycle. The device feeds only the power needed. Without the device, the excess power is dissipated as noise and heat. These devices are no longer sold, because large motors now typically incorporate the technology internally.
I knew about a guy who had invented a "zero bandwidth transmitter" 40 years ago. When I saw it 20 years ago, he was very bitter that no one would even look at his invention. He could demonstrate voice communication over miles, with official FCC interference monitoring equipment showing "zero bandwidth". A friend of his showed me the basics of how it worked. It was actually a "spread spectrum" transmitter. He actually had a useful invention (same principle invented since by others). But he insisted on calling it "zero bandwidth", and mocked the experts who explained the mathematical impossibility of such a thing - because he had working prototypes, the experts were clearly deluded in his mind.
So if you don't have the time, pay someone else to do it - buy preinstalled. Google for "preinstalled linux".