Unfortunately, it is not true that diesel engines are odorless, neither modern ones nor old ones, in particular concerning NO2 smell. Thus, judging from you statement, I suppose that you do not know what NO2 smells like (I do, we synthesized it as part of a laboratory course I oversaw; sometimes a student's burner-sealed glass tube containing liquid NO2 would explode, so we got our share of NO2 smell).
Certainly not. Have you ever stood behind a running diesel passenger car, e.g. a cab? You do smell the obNOxious smell of NO2. Granted, NO is odourless, but what is called NOx emissions is usually a mixture of those.
This means the exhaust temperature goes between 900 deg C and 0 deg C and back in seconds.
These figures are definitely wrong. Exhaust temperature is never as cool as 0 degC, and almost certainly never rises 900 degC (exception might be a particulate filter regeneration event, still 900 degC is a high estimate). More realistic figures would be ~400-450 degC for 'normal' usage.
The amount of N2 in the exhaust depends on temperature in the combustion chamber, not the amount of Diesel burned - the N2 comes from the air, not the Diesel. How is the microprocessor going to know how much Urea to inject when it cannot know how much N2 has been dissociated? It can't.
Yes, it can. That's why there are sensors in the exhaust aftertreatment system. E.g. sense NOx values upstream, inject AdBlue downstream. Furthermore, the NH3 generated upon urea decomposition is partially stored on the SCR brick's (selective catalytic reduction) surface, so there's a bit of a buffer.
Yet, I agree with you that the AdBlue solution for reducing NOx has its drawbacks (e.g. deposit formation), so researching alternative catalytic systems is highly desirable
Yet, it doesn't have to be deadly (in the sense of causing cancer, for which the potential is certainly there, judging from the substances contained in second-hand smoke) in order to be detrimental to health.
To cite Nicko McBrain: "Now, stuff that in your bleedin' pipe and smoke it".
Regarding eye strain: have you considered inverting your desktop's colors, e.g. with xcalib -i -a (the internal invert effect doesn't play nicely with transparency), probably configured to a shortcut like Meta+Q? This is what I do. In fact: I have to do it to be able to use the computer for a prolonged time. Reading bright text on dark backgrounds significantly reduces eye strain, compared to the opposite (dark text on bright background), which is the default for most desktop environments, applications, web sites etc. Granted it takes some getting used to (e.g. a text mentions the red line and you have to look for the cyan one), but after you've managed that, your eyes really benefit from it.
Back on topic, I really love KDE for its configurability. E.g. I can actually assign my own (keyboard) shortcuts to whatever I desire to do with them. Every time I have to use Windows, I have to enable the desktop zoom (which then lingers around somewhere in the form of a magnifying glass icon) and have to use the predefined shortcut for color inversion, Ctrl+Alt+I, which is incredibly inconvenient as I have to use both of my hands to trigger it (speak of accessibility). Same for zooming in/out.
To be fair, they (scientific publishers) are doing the correspondence with authors and peer reviewers, and the layout to produce something that's analogous to a printed journal, i.e. with contiguous volume and page numbers people can cite etc.
Which does not mean I agree that it's OK to for them to treat the (mostly tax-payer funded) research as if they did it (e.g. restricting access, paywalling it so tax-payers actually have to pay twice for it because also universities have to buy subscriptions).
There is ample evidence from several tests in multiple countries to suggest that very few current diesel cars meet NOx emission limits even if they perform the exact same test run on the street in non-laboratory conditions. Even fewer come close to emission limits when driven in more realistic patterns.
Exactly.
It's interesting that NOx is so apparent to you. I don't think I've ever knowingly smelt it.
I'm not sure whether I've been sensitized for the smell of NO2 because we had to synthesize it during a lab course (we condensed it into a glass tube and sealed that by melting). Later I would also supervise those lab courses several times. Every once in a while, the sealed tubes of some students would not withstand the pressure upon dewing and explode, after which the awful smell of NO2 was quite pronounced.
To be clear, I don't like the smell of other engine emissions either (and of course, unburnt fuel stemming from mopeds is among them). The runner-up to NO2, for me, would be the 'sooty' kind of smell.
It's the scent of NO2 that bothers me more than any of the other emissions (yes, I can smell that!). It is a special issue with lean burn engines such as diesels. The problem is that the load levels car manufacturers currently use for passing emissions testing (contrived driving cycles) do not cover some real-world driving scenarios (especially during acceleration), worsened by the fact that some are cheating (we heard about VW). I'm pretty sure many (diesel) vehicles would not manage to stay below the limits set by legislation if tests were performed on average "real" courses using portable measurement equipment (PEMS) instead of doing them on the test bed with synthetic acceleration profiles etc..
I've listened to a few interviews e.g. this one https://www.youtube.com/watch?..., and it's hard to bear his hostility and his insisting on not being interrupted while interrupting the interviewers constantly.
As much as I value many of his arguments for Free Software â" his behavior is not suitable for promoting his cause, or make it easy for people not already convinced to endorse Free Software.
Back in school one of our tasks in our informatics course was to analyze and explain an algorithm which hides arbitrary data in the lowest value bits of 24 bit bitmap files. We did that in Turbo Pascal (o; It was very interesting to see this is possible. Of course, it were only text messages we hid there, as storage space was rather limited, to put it mildly.
Ever thought about running W7 in a Virtual Box on a Linux host (https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads)? I would consider that if I were you, especially if your "hardware is somewhat powerful" (works great for me, though my hardware is not that powerful). Not sure it would solve your update problems, though.
What about the urea condensation deposits (biuret/ammeline/ammelide/cyanuric acid) deposits? Is the inherent problem of the catalyst monolith clogging up fixed?
Yes, it is: AdBlue is an aqueous urea solution (32.5 wt-%).
The ammonia released from it upon thermal decomposition is used for selective catalytic reduction of NOx.
Same here. I have also been frustrated often because I/my university dit not have access to an article cited in another paper.
As for Wikipedia: maybe it would be a good thing to mark the non-free citations somehow to make that fact immediately visible.
Similar here, though for me, it's probably 80% or more. I listen to that bi-weekly show playing progressive rock (http://canvasproductions.net/the-prog-hour) for music discovery. Its host explicitly says something like "We'll play enough tracks from that album [in focus album] and a whole bunch of others in the hopes of getting you to go out and buy what you hear on the show.". Well, he needn't say it, but that's what I do. For me, the good music is worth buying, no matter whether it's from a big label or directly from the artists.
In principle they can be. My father had one which had the capability to act as a defibrilator, more or less autonomously. Apart from that function, it could be programmed to kick in below a certain heart rate.
The sad thing is: at some examination, the doctors re-programmed it so it would only stimulate the heart at a rate of 40 bpm (or was it that it would only kick in below 40 bpm), but didn't tell my father about it. Though very fine before this secret intervention, since they had changed these settings, his condition and his heart performance deteriorated over the course of ~2 years, after which he eventually died. My mother had this case investigated, and they had to admit this secret change/experiment (the internal protocols of the device cleary showed the date of this change), arguing they had done it in order to stimulate/train his heart's capabilities to work without the pacemaker. As you can imagine, this explanation has kind of a bitter aftertaste.
Bottom line is: though I appreciate technical advancements of smart/programmable devices in the medical sector, these bear the danger of doctors experimenting with them secretly on patients, i.e., without their consent.
Finally I will be able to play flacs at my friends without having them install separate codecs or players. Now if this was only possible for ogg/vorbis too!
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Unfortunately, it is not true that diesel engines are odorless, neither modern ones nor old ones, in particular concerning NO2 smell. Thus, judging from you statement, I suppose that you do not know what NO2 smells like (I do, we synthesized it as part of a laboratory course I oversaw; sometimes a student's burner-sealed glass tube containing liquid NO2 would explode, so we got our share of NO2 smell).
... while NOx is an odorless gas.
Certainly not. Have you ever stood behind a running diesel passenger car, e.g. a cab? You do smell the obNOxious smell of NO2. Granted, NO is odourless, but what is called NOx emissions is usually a mixture of those.
This means the exhaust temperature goes between 900 deg C and 0 deg C and back in seconds.
These figures are definitely wrong. Exhaust temperature is never as cool as 0 degC, and almost certainly never rises 900 degC (exception might be a particulate filter regeneration event, still 900 degC is a high estimate). More realistic figures would be ~400-450 degC for 'normal' usage.
The amount of N2 in the exhaust depends on temperature in the combustion chamber, not the amount of Diesel burned - the N2 comes from the air, not the Diesel. How is the microprocessor going to know how much Urea to inject when it cannot know how much N2 has been dissociated? It can't.
Yes, it can. That's why there are sensors in the exhaust aftertreatment system. E.g. sense NOx values upstream, inject AdBlue downstream. Furthermore, the NH3 generated upon urea decomposition is partially stored on the SCR brick's (selective catalytic reduction) surface, so there's a bit of a buffer.
Yet, I agree with you that the AdBlue solution for reducing NOx has its drawbacks (e.g. deposit formation), so researching alternative catalytic systems is highly desirable
Yet, it doesn't have to be deadly (in the sense of causing cancer, for which the potential is certainly there, judging from the substances contained in second-hand smoke) in order to be detrimental to health.
To cite Nicko McBrain: "Now, stuff that in your bleedin' pipe and smoke it".
Regarding eye strain: have you considered inverting your desktop's colors, e.g. with xcalib -i -a (the internal invert effect doesn't play nicely with transparency), probably configured to a shortcut like Meta+Q? This is what I do. In fact: I have to do it to be able to use the computer for a prolonged time. Reading bright text on dark backgrounds significantly reduces eye strain, compared to the opposite (dark text on bright background), which is the default for most desktop environments, applications, web sites etc. Granted it takes some getting used to (e.g. a text mentions the red line and you have to look for the cyan one), but after you've managed that, your eyes really benefit from it.
Back on topic, I really love KDE for its configurability. E.g. I can actually assign my own (keyboard) shortcuts to whatever I desire to do with them. Every time I have to use Windows, I have to enable the desktop zoom (which then lingers around somewhere in the form of a magnifying glass icon) and have to use the predefined shortcut for color inversion, Ctrl+Alt+I, which is incredibly inconvenient as I have to use both of my hands to trigger it (speak of accessibility). Same for zooming in/out.
Authors aren't sending manuscripts, but LaTeX source. The work is already done for Elsevier.
Some might be sending LaTeX source, many others are sending [expletive] Word documents.
To be fair, they (scientific publishers) are doing the correspondence with authors and peer reviewers, and the layout to produce something that's analogous to a printed journal, i.e. with contiguous volume and page numbers people can cite etc.
Which does not mean I agree that it's OK to for them to treat the (mostly tax-payer funded) research as if they did it (e.g. restricting access, paywalling it so tax-payers actually have to pay twice for it because also universities have to buy subscriptions).
There is ample evidence from several tests in multiple countries to suggest that very few current diesel cars meet NOx emission limits even if they perform the exact same test run on the street in non-laboratory conditions. Even fewer come close to emission limits when driven in more realistic patterns.
Exactly.
It's interesting that NOx is so apparent to you. I don't think I've ever knowingly smelt it.
I'm not sure whether I've been sensitized for the smell of NO2 because we had to synthesize it during a lab course (we condensed it into a glass tube and sealed that by melting). Later I would also supervise those lab courses several times. Every once in a while, the sealed tubes of some students would not withstand the pressure upon dewing and explode, after which the awful smell of NO2 was quite pronounced. To be clear, I don't like the smell of other engine emissions either (and of course, unburnt fuel stemming from mopeds is among them). The runner-up to NO2, for me, would be the 'sooty' kind of smell.
It's the scent of NO2 that bothers me more than any of the other emissions (yes, I can smell that!). It is a special issue with lean burn engines such as diesels. The problem is that the load levels car manufacturers currently use for passing emissions testing (contrived driving cycles) do not cover some real-world driving scenarios (especially during acceleration), worsened by the fact that some are cheating (we heard about VW). I'm pretty sure many (diesel) vehicles would not manage to stay below the limits set by legislation if tests were performed on average "real" courses using portable measurement equipment (PEMS) instead of doing them on the test bed with synthetic acceleration profiles etc..
Particularly if I have to drive my bike behind one. It's the obNOxious smell that bothers me.
I've listened to a few interviews e.g. this one https://www.youtube.com/watch?..., and it's hard to bear his hostility and his insisting on not being interrupted while interrupting the interviewers constantly. As much as I value many of his arguments for Free Software â" his behavior is not suitable for promoting his cause, or make it easy for people not already convinced to endorse Free Software.
Positive side effect: you're getting excercise that way.
Back in school one of our tasks in our informatics course was to analyze and explain an algorithm which hides arbitrary data in the lowest value bits of 24 bit bitmap files. We did that in Turbo Pascal (o; It was very interesting to see this is possible. Of course, it were only text messages we hid there, as storage space was rather limited, to put it mildly.
Ever thought about running W7 in a Virtual Box on a Linux host (https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads)? I would consider that if I were you, especially if your "hardware is somewhat powerful" (works great for me, though my hardware is not that powerful). Not sure it would solve your update problems, though.
Sounds like it will be hard to access by vision-impaired people.
What about the urea condensation deposits (biuret/ammeline/ammelide/cyanuric acid) deposits? Is the inherent problem of the catalyst monolith clogging up fixed?
Yes, it is: AdBlue is an aqueous urea solution (32.5 wt-%). The ammonia released from it upon thermal decomposition is used for selective catalytic reduction of NOx.
Same here. I have also been frustrated often because I/my university dit not have access to an article cited in another paper. As for Wikipedia: maybe it would be a good thing to mark the non-free citations somehow to make that fact immediately visible.
Similar here, though for me, it's probably 80% or more. I listen to that bi-weekly show playing progressive rock (http://canvasproductions.net/the-prog-hour) for music discovery. Its host explicitly says something like "We'll play enough tracks from that album [in focus album] and a whole bunch of others in the hopes of getting you to go out and buy what you hear on the show.". Well, he needn't say it, but that's what I do. For me, the good music is worth buying, no matter whether it's from a big label or directly from the artists.
Not that I know the particular microwave spectrum of ozone, but it does have a dipole moment, thus it should be susceptible to microwave radiation.
The sad thing is: at some examination, the doctors re-programmed it so it would only stimulate the heart at a rate of 40 bpm (or was it that it would only kick in below 40 bpm), but didn't tell my father about it. Though very fine before this secret intervention, since they had changed these settings, his condition and his heart performance deteriorated over the course of ~2 years, after which he eventually died. My mother had this case investigated, and they had to admit this secret change/experiment (the internal protocols of the device cleary showed the date of this change), arguing they had done it in order to stimulate/train his heart's capabilities to work without the pacemaker. As you can imagine, this explanation has kind of a bitter aftertaste.
Bottom line is: though I appreciate technical advancements of smart/programmable devices in the medical sector, these bear the danger of doctors experimenting with them secretly on patients, i.e., without their consent.
You don't own a lot of CDs, do you?
I was thinking just that. Not that I think I will swap linux for it, but it seems it's going to become less annoying having to use it.
No doubt about that.
Finally I will be able to play flacs at my friends without having them install separate codecs or players. Now if this was only possible for ogg/vorbis too!