I'm not claiming that ITER will ever be of any use as commercial energy source. Obviously it isn't anywhere close. Both may provide benefit for fundamental plasma research though.
It works fine when you can store the energy until next summer. Power-to-gas is already available as pilot projects in Germany, and while expensive, it costs less than full cost of nuclear reactors. It doesn't look likely that fusion can ever be made cheaper than current nuclear reactors - we have the same heat that needs to be converted to electricity somehow and about the same capital costs for it.
It is about the cost of regular nuclear reactor that is by order of magnitude more powerful and is most expensive source of electricity now, that can't compete with natural gas or wind or PV. Maybe it is time to forget it, we already have big source of fusion up in the sky that works just fine.
It doesn't matter what you want, you still need to carry it all the way. Seriously, the whole idea sounds like an April's Fool joke. Since when airlines do plane engineering? Boeing is working on LNG for airliners, but results are expected many decades in the future. Looking at the original source now, it was some student thesis with some EasyJet funding, not real project.
It depends, but electrolysis efficiency may be at least 0.70% without heat capture or 0.86% with. Fuel cell efficiency may be around 60%. Which leaves as with 0.42%. It is not perfect, but much better than just discarding all this energy as it is done now.
Only some delusional Musk cult member may suggest to use lithium batteries for any significant energy storage on an airliner. You would waste much more energy to carry them than they can store - airliners are not golf carts. To get 777 over Atlantic you need to burn something like 50 ton jet fuel.
It isn't a problem to hire "financial engineer" and bring the cash where you need it, even if you loose some on taxes. It is not like they badly need that cash in the US. Their debt is still much smaller than cash, and borrowing in the US was very cheap in recent years, maybe this is the reason they are doing it in the first place.
These are just some Musk dreams about the future, not current reality. They buy batteries from Panasonic, only small fraction of Nevada factory is in production now. Who knows what are their sources. Anyway it tells something about "clean & green" lithium battery cars. Lithium battery production was never clean or green. You may put "powered by child labor" sticker on your car, as it still propels market price for cobalt encouraging these kind of abuses.
What does it mean "solved"? That you technically can build molten salt thermal solar plant? Sure, they are even built in practice. Subsidized Crescent Dunes plant $US135/MWh. South African Redstone plant - $US124/MWh without subsidies. It is MORE than average RETAIL price in the US. It makes no sense. Photovoltaic may be getting cost competitive, but you have no storage and it is kind of worthless to grid after you reach certain percent of it. And you don't need to build it thousands kilometers away from consumers, you may do the same somewhere in Spain, it doesn't take that much land.
Overall it sounds like complete lunacy, solar plant in politically unstable countries in desert where you need constantly clean up surfaces from sand, and sand storm can destroy things.
They do it all the time, who cares. Sure, it pisses these people, but every country has its own sovereignty and allows what they want only. I do not admit every stranger to my house either, whatever "rights" he imagines to have.
Another reason to do so is to evade on US taxes on US income. At some time authorities notices they were written a check and didn't pay taxes, and entered on tourist visa. So next time they are turned away.
"The record company also said there might have been an issue with the type of visa the band members presented" - and this is very typical with all such local wannabe pop "stars". They or their managers want to save money and hassle and they LIE and PRETEND to be tourists, while they know very well that they are going to work in the US and they need performer's visa. At some time they are caught for visa fraud and then cry rivers how unfairly they were treated.
Justification is very simple - Mister X is foreign citizen, he has no right to enter the country. No further justification makes sense as it would be formal and would not explain anything anyway.
Doesn't matter, he still needs to submit flight plan in advance. Sure, it would be more fun to let him flight across Atlantic and only then to turn back:/
It means you buy their silly story that their cult is somehow related to the historic one. Which means there is small or big chance you may be pledging allegiance. And that is exactly enough to prevent travel. Frankly, I wouldn't want such people close to me either. Even if 1 out of 10,000 such people blows up, it is already too much.
No airline or travel agency takes responsibility for government actions. It is government that refuses to allow travel, airline just follows directions as it is required by law. Seat reservation is done, airline most likely has no other use for it hours before the flight.
Airline not just get stuck. It gets huge fine of many thousands of dollars for every passenger that it delivered to US airport without proper documentation, that has very specific criteria. They won't let you to board unless they are really sure your papers are correct. Even if you may eventually be admitted to the US at border, airline still will face the fine if CBP will find that it allowed to board you without proper papers.
They are not supposed to look for explanations. They are supposed to look for suspicious things, even if probability that person X will blow up plane is 0.001%. Such probability is enough just to play safe and let person X stay home in his own country. Idiots joke about bombs on planes all the time, and they get kicked out of the plane every time and fined, even if everybody understands that most likely it is just yet another boring idiot's joke.
It is about foreign persons trying to enter not their own country. They don't have any right to do so, whatever are their countries. They may be granted such privilege, but that is all. No-fly list is different issue.
Visa waiver still requires you to submit all your information in advance online. But the checking is somewhat loose and permission may be revoked at random just before the trip. I guess being Pakistani origin after recent events doesn't help much.
Likely reason for not being allowed through checkpoint is some ties with guys who blow up themselves and cut heads. This reason means they should not be allowed to board a plane full of passengers as well, as they may choose not to reach the second checkpoint.
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I'm not claiming that ITER will ever be of any use as commercial energy source. Obviously it isn't anywhere close. Both may provide benefit for fundamental plasma research though.
It works fine when you can store the energy until next summer. Power-to-gas is already available as pilot projects in Germany, and while expensive, it costs less than full cost of nuclear reactors. It doesn't look likely that fusion can ever be made cheaper than current nuclear reactors - we have the same heat that needs to be converted to electricity somehow and about the same capital costs for it.
It is about the cost of regular nuclear reactor that is by order of magnitude more powerful and is most expensive source of electricity now, that can't compete with natural gas or wind or PV. Maybe it is time to forget it, we already have big source of fusion up in the sky that works just fine.
It doesn't matter what you want, you still need to carry it all the way.
Seriously, the whole idea sounds like an April's Fool joke. Since when airlines do plane engineering? Boeing is working on LNG for airliners, but results are expected many decades in the future.
Looking at the original source now, it was some student thesis with some EasyJet funding, not real project.
It depends, but electrolysis efficiency may be at least 0.70% without heat capture or 0.86% with. Fuel cell efficiency may be around 60%. Which leaves as with 0.42%. It is not perfect, but much better than just discarding all this energy as it is done now.
Only some delusional Musk cult member may suggest to use lithium batteries for any significant energy storage on an airliner. You would waste much more energy to carry them than they can store - airliners are not golf carts. To get 777 over Atlantic you need to burn something like 50 ton jet fuel.
It isn't a problem to hire "financial engineer" and bring the cash where you need it, even if you loose some on taxes. It is not like they badly need that cash in the US. Their debt is still much smaller than cash, and borrowing in the US was very cheap in recent years, maybe this is the reason they are doing it in the first place.
Power-to-gas can do it without fossil fuels and without unreliable fantasy mega-grids. Some demo projects are already done in Germany.
These are just some Musk dreams about the future, not current reality. They buy batteries from Panasonic, only small fraction of Nevada factory is in production now. Who knows what are their sources. Anyway it tells something about "clean & green" lithium battery cars. Lithium battery production was never clean or green. You may put "powered by child labor" sticker on your car, as it still propels market price for cobalt encouraging these kind of abuses.
What does it mean "solved"? That you technically can build molten salt thermal solar plant? Sure, they are even built in practice. Subsidized Crescent Dunes plant $US135/MWh. South African Redstone plant - $US124/MWh without subsidies. It is MORE than average RETAIL price in the US. It makes no sense. Photovoltaic may be getting cost competitive, but you have no storage and it is kind of worthless to grid after you reach certain percent of it. And you don't need to build it thousands kilometers away from consumers, you may do the same somewhere in Spain, it doesn't take that much land.
Overall it sounds like complete lunacy, solar plant in politically unstable countries in desert where you need constantly clean up surfaces from sand, and sand storm can destroy things.
They do it all the time, who cares. Sure, it pisses these people, but every country has its own sovereignty and allows what they want only. I do not admit every stranger to my house either, whatever "rights" he imagines to have.
You can find tickets for $500 but in general not to the West Coast and not in summer.
Another reason to do so is to evade on US taxes on US income. At some time authorities notices they were written a check and didn't pay taxes, and entered on tourist visa. So next time they are turned away.
"The record company also said there might have been an issue with the type of visa the band members presented" - and this is very typical with all such local wannabe pop "stars". They or their managers want to save money and hassle and they LIE and PRETEND to be tourists, while they know very well that they are going to work in the US and they need performer's visa. At some time they are caught for visa fraud and then cry rivers how unfairly they were treated.
Justification is very simple - Mister X is foreign citizen, he has no right to enter the country. No further justification makes sense as it would be formal and would not explain anything anyway.
Doesn't matter, he still needs to submit flight plan in advance. Sure, it would be more fun to let him flight across Atlantic and only then to turn back :/
It means you buy their silly story that their cult is somehow related to the historic one. Which means there is small or big chance you may be pledging allegiance. And that is exactly enough to prevent travel.
Frankly, I wouldn't want such people close to me either. Even if 1 out of 10,000 such people blows up, it is already too much.
Yes, exactly like any other government. So don't make any foreign travel plans :/
No airline or travel agency takes responsibility for government actions. It is government that refuses to allow travel, airline just follows directions as it is required by law. Seat reservation is done, airline most likely has no other use for it hours before the flight.
Airline not just get stuck. It gets huge fine of many thousands of dollars for every passenger that it delivered to US airport without proper documentation, that has very specific criteria. They won't let you to board unless they are really sure your papers are correct. Even if you may eventually be admitted to the US at border, airline still will face the fine if CBP will find that it allowed to board you without proper papers.
It is difference in practice too. Paper visa applicants are more thoroughly checked and have less chance to be rejected at border.
They are not supposed to look for explanations. They are supposed to look for suspicious things, even if probability that person X will blow up plane is 0.001%. Such probability is enough just to play safe and let person X stay home in his own country. Idiots joke about bombs on planes all the time, and they get kicked out of the plane every time and fined, even if everybody understands that most likely it is just yet another boring idiot's joke.
It is about foreign persons trying to enter not their own country. They don't have any right to do so, whatever are their countries. They may be granted such privilege, but that is all. No-fly list is different issue.
Visa waiver still requires you to submit all your information in advance online. But the checking is somewhat loose and permission may be revoked at random just before the trip. I guess being Pakistani origin after recent events doesn't help much.
You would need to apply for paper visa, not electronic "visa waiver", if you would still want to visit after that.
Likely reason for not being allowed through checkpoint is some ties with guys who blow up themselves and cut heads. This reason means they should not be allowed to board a plane full of passengers as well, as they may choose not to reach the second checkpoint.