None of the spellings -- encyclopedia, encyclopaedia, or encyclopædia -- are formally misspellings. Historically, however, the latter two represent a very old spelling mistake. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the spelling with the ae or æ is "pseudo-Greek" and "an erroneous form (said to be a false reading) occurring in MSS. of Quintilian, Pliny, and Galen". The Oxford English Dictionary notes that the æ is not found in the original Greek enkyklios paideia for "encyclical education", described as "the circle of arts and sciences considered by the Greeks as essential to a liberal education".
Except that's not exactly what the OED says. The OED says:
a. late L. encyclopædia, a. pseudo-Gr. [egkyklopaideia], an erroneous form (said to be a false reading) occurring in MSS. of Quintilian, Pliny, and Galen, for [egkyklios paideia] 'encyclical education', the circle of arts and sciences considered by the Greeks as essential to a liberal education (cf. ENCYCLICAL A. 1).
The spelling with æ has been preserved from becoming obs. by the fact that many of the works so called have Latin titles, as Encyclopædia Britannica, Londinensis, etc.
The æ is the normal Latin rendering of the Greek diphthong ai (alpha-iota) in many, many loan-words. OED is not saying that the æ comes from the misreading; it is saying that the word itself is a misreading or corruption of the original Greek phrase, the last word of which would be Latinized as pædia. The only thing anomalous about the æ is that it has not given way to a simple e in British orthography like the æ has in so many other words (ether, for example). American is more consistent in replacing the æ with an e in assimilated words, and Wikipedia, as a project with American origins, unsurprisingly used the American spelling (which is also more similar to the French, Spanish, and Italian spellings, incidentally).
FWIW, OED (emphatically not an American source) gives both encyclopædia and encyclopedia but not encyclopaedia as correct for contemporary usage.
However, it doesn't work when say...you want to get a wireless card working with Linux.
Hmm. My experience with wireless cards is that they either don't work at all (i.e., there's no driver) or you just plug it in and it works automagically (my Orinoco, for example, and a couple I've borrowed here and there). I've never had to do any installation or config of anything...
My point is, despite apt-get, it is still not as easy as dragging a file to a folder. How many non-geeks will know to use apt-get?
For me, apt-getis easier than dragging stuff around with a mouse -- but I almost always prefer CLI to GUI. YMMV.
But for the GUI-era types, there are GUI frontends to apt-get that make installation as easy as clicking on an icon. It's true that installing something that's not in Debian's repository is more difficult, but it's rare to find any FOSS that's not in Debian already. If you need something that's not there, you're almost definitely geek enough to be able to handle./config && make && make install.
None of this, of course, applies to proprietary software... but again, if you're installing Oracle you better be able to handle a bash prompt!;)
As the county is one of the best-run in the nation,...
As a resident of Maricopa County for almost twenty years -- and one who has been waiting about that long for a proper public transit system -- I cry Bullshit.
Phoenix has a wide variety of things going for it... but good government is not one of them...
But since most customers aren't so philantropic, this is unlikely to happen. I doubt most people would pay $500 for something they need and then turn around and give it away to strangers for free.
Perhaps not, but it only takes one customer willing to redistribute for free (or very cheaply) to put pretty significant downward pressure on the price the developer can charge...
You buy my $500.00 piece of software, you get the source. You don't buy, no source for you.
But if I do pay you $500 I can give it to anyone I want, provided I am also willing to provide source. So you can charge whatever you want, but the first time you sell a copy the customer can redistribute for free -- driving the cost the market will bear close to zero...
They just did not know that Earth was not the center of the universe.
That was a debated point, actually. Ptolemy, whose model came to be dominant until the Copernican revolution, had a geocentric model. Pythagoras, however, had a heliocentric model, IIRC; there were probably others, too.
The U.S. F-14 and F-111, European Tornado, and a bunch of Russian Tupolev and Sukhoi models have had variable-geometry wings for decades. This is hardly a new concept -- just snazzier ways of doing it.
I'm not sure exactly how you'd define "young people," but it's been my experience that the fallability of internet resources has been one of the most common topics drilled into the heads of middle- and high-school students, at least in the past decade or so.
My familiarity is only with undergrads, as I don't really have any contact with younger students. I find that too many of our students seem to think that research begins and ends with an AOL or MSN search. There's very little use even of something like JSTOR, much less actual paper (gasp!) journals...
...but that doesn't mean that they can spell, construct a grammatical sentence, or logically and coherently advance an argument. My experience was teaching undergraduate level in Ireland. I wasn't teaching English, but found that most of my efforts in correcting papers had to be directed towards fixing these elements.
Y'know, that saddens me. I do grading for upper-division history courses at an American university, and I something similar. All too often, I can't even get to grading the content of the papers, because the writing is so bad. It isn't just mechanical flaws (misspellings, run-on sentences, etc.), but often near-total incoherence.
I would have hoped, honestly, that the situation in Ireland was better. You're supposed to have a pretty good education system over there...
Part of the problem is that here (in my experience- in the humanities), any half-serious research methodology classes only appear at the postgraduate level. It might be touched on slightly earlier in certain subjects such as history, if you chose a manuscripts option.
FWIW, our department requires two historical methods (research and writing) courses for undergraduate majors, one in the third year and one in the fourth.
Why is anybody selling this stuff? Does everything have to be privatized? You'd think something like voting, that is as critical to the health of a so-called democracy as anything else, would be fully open for inspection.
Speaking as an American, I have to say... yes, we are more ignorant than Europeans.
Speaking as, among other groups I claim membership in, an American... I've been witness to this more times than I care to admit. I've seen a German beat all (American) comers at U.S. trivia (from how many states there are [!] to all their capitals). Find me a literate German who doesn't know Colin Powell's name; now, how many Americans know who Joschka Fischer is? Dominique de Villepin? How about Bill Graham? (The last one I had to look up, I admit...) I'll bet I could walk around this coffeehouse and find ten people here who can't tell me what Colin Powell's job is.
Gosh, I'd love to spend some time answering this, but I have Average Joe II on TIVO and I have to finish watching it to make room for American Idol.
Oh! Gotta go get the door. It's Domino's.
... and some dumb bastard modded it Offtopic. If the discussion is about ignorance of politics, how is an ironic comment about citiz^H^H^H^H^Hconsumers' apathy for the topic Offtopic? It strikes right at the central point the grandparent was making...
Unfortunately, I've already wasted my mod points for today...
IANAL, but AFAIK "Innocent until proven guilty" is about criminal justice.
This appears to be one place where US and DE law differ. In the U.S. the there is a presumption of innocence in criminal law, combined with the `beyond reasonable doubt' provision; in civil law, there only a `preponderance of evidence' is needed. That means there is no presumption of innocence in a lawsuit. The German system seems to apply a more similar standard to civil and criminal cases -- for which the Germans should be applauded, IMNSHO.
Lobbying the judicial system with money is, in fact, a felony. You can lobby the legislature all you want, though.
Only if you're crude about it. So long as you do it indirectly, it's perfectly legal. That is, you ``lobby'' the president who is in charge of judicial appointments and the legislature which is in charge of confirmation. The result is the same, only this way it's legal.
For GPL software, you may f.ex. not redistribute binaries without source.
I think you're mistaken on this part.
You most certainly can distribute binaries of GPL'ed software, without including source, as long as you include an offer to provide the source if asked (it says other things, this is the basic gist of it, though.)
s/without source/without making source available/. I think this is what the grandparent is trying to say; of course there are various permitted means of making source available to the recipient of binaries, in addition to putting it on the same media or Internet node.
This is obviously a restriction of your freedom.
No, actually it's not. Copyright law imposes the restriction of copying/distribution, not the GPL.
The GPL grants you freedom, by saying that you are allowed to distribute someone else's copyrighted work, as long as you include with it the promise of source (and other things.)
The grandparent is comparing GPL licensing with BSD-style licensing, not with vanilla copyright provisions. Compared with BSD-style licensing, that the GPL prevents you from redistributing in certain ways (incorporating into proprietary software, for example) can be seen as a restriction. The grandparent is arguing that this is a restriction meant to ensure more freedom in the long term, much like the German or French restrictions on Nazi speech are meant to ensure the survival of freedom in the long term.
Vanilla copyright law, which grants the user almost no freedom, is not even part of the discussion, except insofar as it creates the mechanisms through which -- or against which -- all FOSS licenses act.
Slashdot Mirror
scripsit AviLazar:
Good Lord, what happened to refereed journals? Scholarly monographs?
*sigh*
scripsit selfdiscipline:
At least as accurate as the systems themselves...
scripsit lukewarmfusion:
Except that's not exactly what the OED says. The OED says:The æ is the normal Latin rendering of the Greek diphthong ai (alpha-iota) in many, many loan-words. OED is not saying that the æ comes from the misreading; it is saying that the word itself is a misreading or corruption of the original Greek phrase, the last word of which would be Latinized as pædia. The only thing anomalous about the æ is that it has not given way to a simple e in British orthography like the æ has in so many other words (ether, for example). American is more consistent in replacing the æ with an e in assimilated words, and Wikipedia, as a project with American origins, unsurprisingly used the American spelling (which is also more similar to the French, Spanish, and Italian spellings, incidentally).
FWIW, OED (emphatically not an American source) gives both encyclopædia and encyclopedia but not encyclopaedia as correct for contemporary usage.
Johari window? Sounds more like a bog-standard Venn diagram...
scripsit IrresponsibleUseOfFr:
I think the key may be the art part... In my mind, a hacker views his work as an art form...
scripsit dfj225:
Hmm. My experience with wireless cards is that they either don't work at all (i.e., there's no driver) or you just plug it in and it works automagically (my Orinoco, for example, and a couple I've borrowed here and there). I've never had to do any installation or config of anything...
For me, apt-get is easier than dragging stuff around with a mouse -- but I almost always prefer CLI to GUI. YMMV.
But for the GUI-era types, there are GUI frontends to apt-get that make installation as easy as clicking on an icon. It's true that installing something that's not in Debian's repository is more difficult, but it's rare to find any FOSS that's not in Debian already. If you need something that's not there, you're almost definitely geek enough to be able to handle ./config && make && make install.
None of this, of course, applies to proprietary software... but again, if you're installing Oracle you better be able to handle a bash prompt! ;)
scripsit dfj225:
Obligatory Debian plug:
sudo apt-get install package
It doesn't get much easier...
scripsit r00t:
I suspect that is a reference to the Debian port, which is in fact GNU/FreeBSD -- that is, an implementation of GNU using the FreeBSD kernel...
scripsit nadaou:
Um, some of us residents can use an apostrophe correctly... we're just not in county government...
As the county is one of the best-run in the nation,...
As a resident of Maricopa County for almost twenty years -- and one who has been waiting about that long for a proper public transit system -- I cry Bullshit. Phoenix has a wide variety of things going for it... but good government is not one of them...scripsit HeyLaughingBoy:
Perhaps not, but it only takes one customer willing to redistribute for free (or very cheaply) to put pretty significant downward pressure on the price the developer can charge...
scripsit Quarters:
But if I do pay you $500 I can give it to anyone I want, provided I am also willing to provide source. So you can charge whatever you want, but the first time you sell a copy the customer can redistribute for free -- driving the cost the market will bear close to zero...
scripsit master_p:
That was a debated point, actually. Ptolemy, whose model came to be dominant until the Copernican revolution, had a geocentric model. Pythagoras, however, had a heliocentric model, IIRC; there were probably others, too.
The U.S. F-14 and F-111, European Tornado, and a bunch of Russian Tupolev and Sukhoi models have had variable-geometry wings for decades. This is hardly a new concept -- just snazzier ways of doing it.
scripsit killjoe:
The ancient greeks not only knew the earth was a sphere they also pretty accurately calculated the size. Way before the bible.Um, the referenences were to the Jewish Bible (i.e., Old Testament) -- and parts of that are quite a bit older than classical Greece.
scripsit Mose250:
My familiarity is only with undergrads, as I don't really have any contact with younger students. I find that too many of our students seem to think that research begins and ends with an AOL or MSN search. There's very little use even of something like JSTOR, much less actual paper (gasp!) journals...
scripsit blorg:
Y'know, that saddens me. I do grading for upper-division history courses at an American university, and I something similar. All too often, I can't even get to grading the content of the papers, because the writing is so bad. It isn't just mechanical flaws (misspellings, run-on sentences, etc.), but often near-total incoherence.
I would have hoped, honestly, that the situation in Ireland was better. You're supposed to have a pretty good education system over there...
FWIW, our department requires two historical methods (research and writing) courses for undergraduate majors, one in the third year and one in the fourth.
scripsit LearnToSpell:
<kneejerk>That's Commie talk!</kneejerk>
scripsit handy_vandal:
Speaking as, among other groups I claim membership in, an American... I've been witness to this more times than I care to admit. I've seen a German beat all (American) comers at U.S. trivia (from how many states there are [!] to all their capitals). Find me a literate German who doesn't know Colin Powell's name; now, how many Americans know who Joschka Fischer is? Dominique de Villepin? How about Bill Graham? (The last one I had to look up, I admit...) I'll bet I could walk around this coffeehouse and find ten people here who can't tell me what Colin Powell's job is.
scripsit CleverNickName:
... and some dumb bastard modded it Offtopic. If the discussion is about ignorance of politics, how is an ironic comment about citiz^H^H^H^H^Hconsumers' apathy for the topic Offtopic? It strikes right at the central point the grandparent was making...
Unfortunately, I've already wasted my mod points for today...
scripsit Spoing:
Hmm... What kernel version is that? And what's your IP?
This appears to be one place where US and DE law differ. In the U.S. the there is a presumption of innocence in criminal law, combined with the `beyond reasonable doubt' provision; in civil law, there only a `preponderance of evidence' is needed. That means there is no presumption of innocence in a lawsuit. The German system seems to apply a more similar standard to civil and criminal cases -- for which the Germans should be applauded, IMNSHO.
(IANAL, YMMV, etc., etc.)
scripsit geoffspear:
Only if you're crude about it. So long as you do it indirectly, it's perfectly legal. That is, you ``lobby'' the president who is in charge of judicial appointments and the legislature which is in charge of confirmation. The result is the same, only this way it's legal.
scripsit schon:
s/without source/without making source available/. I think this is what the grandparent is trying to say; of course there are various permitted means of making source available to the recipient of binaries, in addition to putting it on the same media or Internet node.
The grandparent is comparing GPL licensing with BSD-style licensing, not with vanilla copyright provisions. Compared with BSD-style licensing, that the GPL prevents you from redistributing in certain ways (incorporating into proprietary software, for example) can be seen as a restriction. The grandparent is arguing that this is a restriction meant to ensure more freedom in the long term, much like the German or French restrictions on Nazi speech are meant to ensure the survival of freedom in the long term.
Vanilla copyright law, which grants the user almost no freedom, is not even part of the discussion, except insofar as it creates the mechanisms through which -- or against which -- all FOSS licenses act.
scripsit roman_mir:
Electronic cup holders are already old tech. My old Pentium had one a decade ago -- and it was even retractable!