... but what happens when they are the only game in town and, say, you need an XBox to communicate with your bank or for online shopping or similar. That's where the "fear" comes from - when you no longer have a choice in how you live your (online) life...
Okay, how about $0.50 cents per track. How about $1 per track? What are you willing to pay for _legal_ copies of stuff? Where is your threshold - where is the record companies threshold? Can they be made to match...?
Also try the ROOT package. It's also developed at CERN (by the PAW people) but is in C++ (with a built in C++ interpreter) and has much more to it than PAW.
It's aimed at the Particle Physics community but is currently in use in a wide range of fields from Astronomy to banking!
I would have to agree. For specialist apps, you tend to get Windows only. For example, I have a Win2000 machine on my desktop but log on to a Linux machine to work but if there was a Linux version of eXceed...
This does come back to the question of what is free... Here in the UK, dialup access generally involves a charge for the phone call (this isn't universally true but the alternatives cost something somewhere else down the line instead).
Downloading 1 GB of stuff at 6 kB(ytes) / s would take about 3000 minutes. UK local calls are 1p / min at weekends - that's £30 ($50). Without an alternative, buying the boxed set is faster and not much more expensive...
Okay - depends on your useage of "mass". I use mass to mean rest mass. The idea of "mass increasing with energy" isn't necessarily that useful as you then have to state the energy (or speed or whatever) of the particle at the same time so all you gain is extra ambiguity. The real connection is between energy mass and momentum:
E^2 = p^2 + m^2
I probably should have been more careful and said rest mass in the first place but I'm used to dropping the "rest" bit...
I think the best bound on the mass of the electron neutrino comes from measuring the energies of the electron produced during the decay of tritium. (The decay produces an electron and a neutrino which share the known total energy of the decay between them. Whatever the electron doesn't take can go to make up the neutrino's rest mass. However, some electrons take nearly all of the available energy so the rest mass must be small (<3 eV for those in the know)).
For the SN 1987A neutrinos:
SN 1987A was in the Large Magellanic Cloud, about 170000 light years away
About 20 neutrinos were detected in total (in 2 different experiments).
Neutrinos interact so rarely, this corresponds to about 10^14 passing through every person on earth (hands up all that noticed).
To produce this many at the earth, about 10^57 neutrinos must have left the exploding star in all directions.
The energy available to produce neutrinos in the supernova can be estimated and I think that lets you say something about the neutrino mass...
They only travel at the speed of light if they are massless - In the absence of better information (like the SuperK and SNO results), this was the assumption. Now, we have evidence that this isn't quite true. In this case, the connection between energy, mass and momentum is:
E^2 = p^2c^2 + m^2c^4 but, for these neutrinos, the mass is very small compared to their energy so the speed, p/E is very close to the speed of light but can't be equal to it.
They mean the rest mass. The total energy (rest mass + kinetic energy) is over 1000000 times larger than any rest mass electron neutrinos coming from the sun could have...
A few quick physics for the non-physicists points:
The Dark Matter problem gets far more fun than this: This result shows that between 0.1 and 18% of the critical density of the universe (i.e. what is needed so the universe just expands for ever - more than this and it will collapse...) can be neutrinos. What we can see (stars mainly), makes up 10% of this. The big question still is, what is the rest... (see here and references contained within for further information.)
This result means neutrinos do have masses but we don't know what they are. We only know what the mass differences are (which determines the probability that they will have oscillated by the time they reach the detector) and that they must be small. What causes these masses to be small (new particles, extra dimensions...) is the next big question...
If neutrinos have mass, then, according to special relativity, they can't travel at the speed of light. However, if they are very light (which they are) and have a much higher energy than their mass (which they do), they will travel very close to the speed of light.
Oh yes, maybe Canadians' don't make decent beer but at least they don't try to pass "lager" (weak fizzy pale stuff) off as beer. Give me an Old Peculier any day...;)
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Several people have commented on European schemes which run without too many difficulties or objection.
Maybe the point here is that Europeans trust their governments more than Americans do...
... but what happens when they are the only game in town and, say, you need an XBox to communicate with your bank or for online shopping or similar. That's where the "fear" comes from - when you no longer have a choice in how you live your (online) life...
Okay, how about $0.50 cents per track. How about $1 per track? What are you willing to pay for _legal_ copies of stuff? Where is your threshold - where is the record companies threshold? Can they be made to match...?
Also try the ROOT package. It's also developed at CERN (by the PAW people) but is in C++ (with a built in C++ interpreter) and has much more to it than PAW.
It's aimed at the Particle Physics community but is currently in use in a wide range of fields from Astronomy to banking!
Oh yes, runs on Linux and Windows...
I would have to agree. For specialist apps, you tend to get Windows only. For example, I have a Win2000 machine on my desktop but log on to a Linux machine to work but if there was a Linux version of eXceed...
This does come back to the question of what is free... Here in the UK, dialup access generally involves a charge for the phone call (this isn't universally true but the alternatives cost something somewhere else down the line instead). Downloading 1 GB of stuff at 6 kB(ytes) / s would take about 3000 minutes. UK local calls are 1p / min at weekends - that's £30 ($50). Without an alternative, buying the boxed set is faster and not much more expensive...
E^2 = p^2 + m^2
I probably should have been more careful and said rest mass in the first place but I'm used to dropping the "rest" bit...
- SN 1987A was in the Large Magellanic Cloud, about 170000 light years away
- About 20 neutrinos were detected in total (in 2 different experiments).
- Neutrinos interact so rarely, this corresponds to about 10^14 passing through every person on earth (hands up all that noticed).
- To produce this many at the earth, about 10^57 neutrinos must have left the exploding star in all directions.
The energy available to produce neutrinos in the supernova can be estimated and I think that lets you say something about the neutrino mass...They only travel at the speed of light if they are massless - In the absence of better information (like the SuperK and SNO results), this was the assumption. Now, we have evidence that this isn't quite true. In this case, the connection between energy, mass and momentum is: E^2 = p^2c^2 + m^2c^4 but, for these neutrinos, the mass is very small compared to their energy so the speed, p/E is very close to the speed of light but can't be equal to it.
They mean the rest mass. The total energy (rest mass + kinetic energy) is over 1000000 times larger than any rest mass electron neutrinos coming from the sun could have...
- The Dark Matter problem gets far more fun than this: This result shows that between 0.1 and 18% of the critical density of the universe (i.e. what is needed so the universe just expands for ever - more than this and it will collapse...) can be neutrinos. What we can see (stars mainly), makes up 10% of this. The big question still is, what is the rest... (see here and references contained within for further information.)
- This result means neutrinos do have masses but we don't know what they are. We only know what the mass differences are (which determines the probability that they will have oscillated by the time they reach the detector) and that they must be small. What causes these masses to be small (new particles, extra dimensions...) is the next big question...
- If neutrinos have mass, then, according to special relativity, they can't travel at the speed of light. However, if they are very light (which they are) and have a much higher energy than their mass (which they do), they will travel very close to the speed of light.
Oh yes, maybe Canadians' don't make decent beer but at least they don't try to pass "lager" (weak fizzy pale stuff) off as beer. Give me an Old Peculier any day...