I attended a talk by Georges Gonthier (mentioned in TFA) this morning where he explained about his formalization of the four color theorem.
He actually used '2+2=4' as an example to explain the principle of reflection, one of the key mechanisms he uses to replace deduction by computation. He used type theory rather than set theory, though.
How about community driven efforts such as cacert.org? Requires the receiver to import their root certificate, though.
Well, depending on the passport type, at least your picture, and sometimes your fingerprints too. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometric_passport
US Passport card != ICAO passport
He actually used '2+2=4' as an example to explain the principle of reflection, one of the key mechanisms he uses to replace deduction by computation. He used type theory rather than set theory, though.
The key derived from the MRZ is used in a standard challenge-response protocol, preventing replay attacks.