With 1950's tech, the phone need be no larger than a large CB radio - maybe 4 liters for the transceiver, assuming that the hardware to negotiate a channel could be handled cleverly. The tower electrics is something else. Back then, even landlines were bulky; the interface was limited to about 30 lines per rack and then the lines went to another part of the central office to be switched with stepping relays. For a cell tower handing 30 simultaneous conversations: one rack for interface to land lines, one rack for the transmitter, one rack for the frequency-division multiplexer, several racks for a primitive special purpose computer, a big power supply, cooling provisions, a receiver, a rack for a frequency-division demultiplexer, a rack for decoding and storing the called number (DTMF decoding and core memory) and probably more stuff that doesn't occur to me now. Probably something the size of a garden shed, but smaller than a single car garage, to handle 30 simultaneous conversations.
Even that assumes technology not available in the 1950s, DTMF became available to the public in 1963 and needed an affordable transistor.
Cell technology did not become practical until it became practical to intelligently switch calls among a large number of interconnected transceiver stations. Infeasible in the 1940s and 1950s, still too expensive for anything but proof-of-concept experiments in the 1960s.
Potato. Native to Chile, Peru, Bolivia, with a wide genetic variety finely tuned to local conditions.
Wheat. A grass, with wide natural diversity expanded by human efforts.
Rice. A grass seed, substantially improved in diversity and nutritional value by human development.
Maize (corn). There are a large number of varieties of corn organized into at least 6 categories by their economic function. Corn is also increasing its genetic variety due to human research into better strains.
While seed banks are a nice idea, relying on them would result in a great reduction in genetic diversity, because not all varieties withstand the conditions of seed banks equally well.
I find the phrase "But if this ever changin' world In which we live in..." from "Live and Let Die" too flagrant an abuse of the English language to tolerate.
Drug companies routinely get extorted when they try to set prices outside the US. The country says to the drug company "Sell it for 50 cents a dose or we'll develop a generic and you won't get a cent." The drug companies almost always give in.
I'd like AMD to do well, but very few tests show any AMD advantage over similarly priced Intel products. The Intel superiority only gets larger when overclocking is considered.
Government shutdowns are an unfunny joke. Employees get a paid vacation, and only a select few government services are actually cut - those services chosen to make the most people angry. It's a farce designed to apply political pressure; noisy fools scaring cowardly politicians.
Not that it's really relevant, but the Obama administration flouted the law on a continuing basis, and ignored court decisions that insisted that the law be obeyed.
This is more a matter of whether the companies making the buying decisions are exercising good judgement. Some brands (like Trane) typically last a lot longer than others, and cost more. Many companies also offer a variety of different efficiencies on similar models, and the more efficient ones cost more. You don't see Trane going out of business because they offer a superior but more expensive product.
Government forcing the purchase of a particular type of product is just usurpation, and the moral philosophy of those promoting such laws is no better than that of the leaders of North Korea.
I could easily be wrong, but my recollection is that FETs require a degree of purity of ingredients and process that were not practically achievable back then. In addition, early transistors were pretty feeble, and it's easier to make a high current bipolar transistor than a high current FET.
Most early FETs were junction FETs, a different technology from the MOSFETS that dominate digital circuits.
I read an interview with Shockley in which he answered that question. It's called return to the median. The average intelligence of the children of very intelligent people is less than their parents.
Increasing instructions per clock is already extremely difficult and hardware intensive. I doubt that we'll see a doubling of IPC in a decade, and it may require compilers to optimize code for high IPC.
Branches are a major consideration in increasing IPC. In order to prevent stalls caused by erroneous branch decisions, both paths may be speculatively executed as a new thread, and each branch may in turn hit another branch and in turn require a new speculative thread, all of which must be executed simultaneously to increase IPC. The hardware has to know when to abort a speculative thread, has to have the resources to execute it, and has to have very high cache bandwidth to fetch instructions and data for each speculative thread (or main memory if not in cache.) In short, increased IPC makes literally exponential demands on hardware.
I think that the difficulties involved in increasing IPC beyond the current state of the art are already into the range where the tradeoffs involved in better IPC mean that other aspects of hardware may have a better return on effort.
Harvard has just provided a more valuable bit of education to those ten applicants than 4 years at Harvard provides those accepted.The savings for those ten is $252,000.
As a parent of a minor, you have not only the right but the responsibility to look into it. That you think the "proper authorities" have either the motive or the motivation to do a proper job is a sad, unfunny joke.
I understand the point of the ruling, and that the court decided (it seems, on the basis of its opinion rather than strict law) that the privacy of a minor exists even against her parents. That ruling and that opinion is wrong. If the law does agree with the court, the law be damned.
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With 1950's tech, the phone need be no larger than a large CB radio - maybe 4 liters for the transceiver, assuming that the hardware to negotiate a channel could be handled cleverly. The tower electrics is something else. Back then, even landlines were bulky; the interface was limited to about 30 lines per rack and then the lines went to another part of the central office to be switched with stepping relays. For a cell tower handing 30 simultaneous conversations: one rack for interface to land lines, one rack for the transmitter, one rack for the frequency-division multiplexer, several racks for a primitive special purpose computer, a big power supply, cooling provisions, a receiver, a rack for a frequency-division demultiplexer, a rack for decoding and storing the called number (DTMF decoding and core memory) and probably more stuff that doesn't occur to me now. Probably something the size of a garden shed, but smaller than a single car garage, to handle 30 simultaneous conversations.
Even that assumes technology not available in the 1950s, DTMF became available to the public in 1963 and needed an affordable transistor.
This is wrong in so many ways that it's not worth my time to explain.
Motorola was car radios. Car phonographs never became more than a curiosity.
Cell technology did not become practical until it became practical to intelligently switch calls among a large number of interconnected transceiver stations. Infeasible in the 1940s and 1950s, still too expensive for anything but proof-of-concept experiments in the 1960s.
Merritt Parkway, 1938.
Potato. Native to Chile, Peru, Bolivia, with a wide genetic variety finely tuned to local conditions.
Wheat. A grass, with wide natural diversity expanded by human efforts.
Rice. A grass seed, substantially improved in diversity and nutritional value by human development.
Maize (corn). There are a large number of varieties of corn organized into at least 6 categories by their economic function. Corn is also increasing its genetic variety due to human research into better strains.
While seed banks are a nice idea, relying on them would result in a great reduction in genetic diversity, because not all varieties withstand the conditions of seed banks equally well.
I find the phrase "But if this ever changin' world In which we live in..." from "Live and Let Die" too flagrant an abuse of the English language to tolerate.
Drug companies routinely get extorted when they try to set prices outside the US. The country says to the drug company "Sell it for 50 cents a dose or we'll develop a generic and you won't get a cent." The drug companies almost always give in.
I'd like AMD to do well, but very few tests show any AMD advantage over similarly priced Intel products. The Intel superiority only gets larger when overclocking is considered.
Government shutdowns are an unfunny joke. Employees get a paid vacation, and only a select few government services are actually cut - those services chosen to make the most people angry. It's a farce designed to apply political pressure; noisy fools scaring cowardly politicians.
Not that it's really relevant, but the Obama administration flouted the law on a continuing basis, and ignored court decisions that insisted that the law be obeyed.
Are you deliberately being stupid? Just meet the toughest standard and your products are acceptable everywhere.
This is more a matter of whether the companies making the buying decisions are exercising good judgement. Some brands (like Trane) typically last a lot longer than others, and cost more. Many companies also offer a variety of different efficiencies on similar models, and the more efficient ones cost more. You don't see Trane going out of business because they offer a superior but more expensive product.
Government forcing the purchase of a particular type of product is just usurpation, and the moral philosophy of those promoting such laws is no better than that of the leaders of North Korea.
I could easily be wrong, but my recollection is that FETs require a degree of purity of ingredients and process that were not practically achievable back then. In addition, early transistors were pretty feeble, and it's easier to make a high current bipolar transistor than a high current FET.
Most early FETs were junction FETs, a different technology from the MOSFETS that dominate digital circuits.
He invented practical sound recording, practical motion pictures, and the practical incandescent light bulb.
I read an interview with Shockley in which he answered that question. It's called return to the median. The average intelligence of the children of very intelligent people is less than their parents.
"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." - George Santayana
I prefer Angstroms, because that's closer to the dimemsions of atoms.
Increasing instructions per clock is already extremely difficult and hardware intensive. I doubt that we'll see a doubling of IPC in a decade, and it may require compilers to optimize code for high IPC.
Branches are a major consideration in increasing IPC. In order to prevent stalls caused by erroneous branch decisions, both paths may be speculatively executed as a new thread, and each branch may in turn hit another branch and in turn require a new speculative thread, all of which must be executed simultaneously to increase IPC. The hardware has to know when to abort a speculative thread, has to have the resources to execute it, and has to have very high cache bandwidth to fetch instructions and data for each speculative thread (or main memory if not in cache.) In short, increased IPC makes literally exponential demands on hardware.
I think that the difficulties involved in increasing IPC beyond the current state of the art are already into the range where the tradeoffs involved in better IPC mean that other aspects of hardware may have a better return on effort.
Harvard has just provided a more valuable bit of education to those ten applicants than 4 years at Harvard provides those accepted.The savings for those ten is $252,000.
If only Harvard had rejected members of the Kennedy family.
As a parent of a minor, you have not only the right but the responsibility to look into it. That you think the "proper authorities" have either the motive or the motivation to do a proper job is a sad, unfunny joke.
I understand the point of the ruling, and that the court decided (it seems, on the basis of its opinion rather than strict law) that the privacy of a minor exists even against her parents. That ruling and that opinion is wrong. If the law does agree with the court, the law be damned.
One of the goals in fighting air pollution is to keep stinky things out of the air. Stinky things like Musk.
The direct genetic chain was broken at least once; Ramesses I (approx 1292 BC) was of non-royal birth.