You don't need matter to have a temperature. Even in a "perfect" vacuum (i.e. nothing but quantum fluctuation transient particle-antiparticle pairs) there is still radiant energy in the form of photons - and their wavelength distribution corresponds to a temperature.
It's the temperature at which a black-body test object, bathed continuously in photons of that frequency distribution, would neither warm up nor cool down further.
The radiant temperature of the sky far from the influence of nearby galaxies is known as the "cosmic background temperature". It's about 4 degrees absolute - corresponding to the light from the big bang red-shifted down a LOT by cosmic expansion.
The Internet balloting is primarily servicemen. If there is a way for them to legitimately vote for Ron Paul (either he's on the ballot or there is a way to write him in) they MIGHT get some large number of LEGITIMATE votes for him.
The better metric would be how many Libraries of Congress the kernal is.
Perhaps better would be number of times the size of the Unix System 6 kernel.
That's the one that the University of Waterloo printed as a textbook, half of a two book set. (The other book was the OS course text using it as the example.) They printed it at 50 lines per page column and added (lots of) whitespace and adjusted comments so routines fell on nice page boundaries. Even padded this way it came out to a total of ten thousand lines (of which I think 2 thousand were still in assembly code). Just right for one person to maintain full-time by the then-current rule-of-thumb.
So the linux kernel is a thousand times the size of that (whitespace-padded) version of the Unix kernel.
"... Ethernet, which drops packets when traffic congestion occurs, needs to evolve into a low latency, "lossless" transport technology with congestion management and flow control features,..."
If I understand right, they're trying to change Ethernet because of TCP/IP?
Nope.
They're trying to build a mechanism for bandwidth and latency guarantees into the protocols. That's what you need for reliable streams, efficient delivery of networked storage data, etc. Ethernet doesn't provide such a mechanism: It's first-come-first-served at switches, though routers (and some smart switches) can pick and chose (and both can backpressure with PAUSE frames.)
You could build the mechanism on top of ethernet transport using IP's Quality of Service mechanisms - and that would be the preferred way to do it. But doing so requires treating some packets better than others. And the "network neutrality" push is throwing that baby out with the bathwater.
So it looks like the vendors are trying to build those mechanisms into the underlying protocols - sidestepping the issue (and redefining things so it could also be used to implement backbone packet preferences later without making a non-"neutral" network a violation of the definition of the network protocols).
= = = =
Another change coming down the pike, by the way: One thing Ethernet DOESN'T do now, but COULD, is distribute network timing by synchronizing the carrier to a network clock at a transmitter and recovering it at the receiver. This is the last missing piece for converging the old TDM networks (T1/E1/SONET/SDH/POTS/ADM/...) onto IP-over-Ethernet.
The new thing is called "Synchronous Ethernet" and telecom equipment suppliers (notably Ericsson) are pushing its standardization. (IEEE 1588 tries to do this with messages but is a couple orders of magnitude less accurate and a lot more expensive. For some equipment vendors doing Synchronous Ethernet is a minor tweak to line cards plus a tiny bit of software, and it's as accurate as the decades-proven TDM stuff it replaces.)
Nope, both of which have higher overhead than full-duplex ethernet. They have better throughput than half-duplex ethernet, which is about as useful as being better than avian carriers. Half-duplex ethernet should just be banned entirely. Maybe that would make Linksys wake up.
Half-duplex ethernet corresponds to the way things work on a shared peer-to-peer radio channel. Like WiFi. (Which uses the Ethernet MAC and collision/backoff algorithms - though I think the collision detection is inferred rather than explicit.) (WiMAX, however, is a full-duplex protocol with central stations monopolizing an outbound channel and assigning timeslots for replies from remote stations on an inbound channel.)
Of course that DOES qualify as an "avian carrier", doesn't it?
If they're going to be killing their own people in the first place, why in the world would you think "kill everyone" wouldn't be their first objective?
Because the whole POINT of using the military on the population is to have somebody left, and sufficiently docile, to work for the ruling class when it's over.
Cracking WEP/WPA will hardly be the end of business WiFi.
For instance: The company where I'm working has operated for years on the assumption that WiFi's own encryption is just a warning sign and trivially broken.
They have the WiFi on its own subnet with its own firewall. Get on (with the WEP key) and you can only reach the nameserver, VPN server, and SSH server. Use an encrypted tunnel or you might as well be standalone.
Or at least that's the way that the people in government see it.
It's a lot easier to manipulate a population that can't do the math that would let them see through a lot of the propaganda, or handle their own finances.
(Note that some "experts" are now recommending that algebra no longer be taught in K-12, claiming that "nobody uses it" anymore...)
Are they really saying this newly-uncovered, ultra-hyped, horrible, end-of-the-internet, cross-browser, gotta-fix-the-world-but-it's-SO-hard, threat...... was INVISIBLE BUTTONS?
Wikipedia says the satellite also produces 1.65 meter multispectral imagery. I wonder if that is available publicly (without space-high fees) and how to go about getting hold of it?
(Back in the late '60s and early '70s I was working on multispectral recognition and mapping programs to process aircraft, Skylab, and ERTS/Landsat data. Missed renewing my ham license due to a rush project hacking up a "clustering" algorithm to come up with a recognition map for a hunk of Italy for which we had data but no "ground truth" for calibrating the recognition algorithm. I always wanted to be able to play with that stuff personally, outside a sponsored research context. Now the computing power and storage is trivially cheap, so all that's needed is access to the data.)
As I understand it, Google used what was available (and cheap) when they were starting up the service. If something had been of interest to someone ELSE there'd be higher resolution imagery available.
For quite a while my rural retirement house in Nevada had a very low resolution picture of the construction site from years before. Then Steve Fossett disappeared after taking off from a place a half-hour's drive away and google upgraded the imagery of the area to help with the search. The new pics are not as sharp as this latest imagery. But you can see the house, garage, and propane tank just fine.
Very early on in computing there was Datapoint's Arcnet. It was a token ring network that tied their early desktop machines (the SSL IC machines whose instruction set spawned the 8008) and their associated fileservers.
Options for interconnection included:
- copper cabling
- "Arclight" building-to-building infrared links. (They had separate transmitting and receiving lenses maybe a foot across each and were good for miles if it wasn't foggy or raining. If it was foggy or raining the net partitioned and rejoined automagically as the blockage moved around.)
- room-filling infrared (with repeaters about the size of smoke detectors or smaller for penetrating walls).
Nothing new here - unless you count that somebody's going to do it yet again.
Again, what indication do you have that any of their messages would have resonated with a largely apathetic, willfully ignorant american public?
I contest your characterization of the American public.
Ron Paul effectively got exposure ONLY on the internet - which the Old Media were unable to gatekeep - and by word of mouth. His message had VERY broad appeal - among Republicans, Democrats, Independents, new voters, old voters who had given up and dropped out,... (If he'd gotten started 9 months earlier and the rate had kept up he'd have taken the nomination handily - and the presidency as well.) He broke the all-time one-day fundraising record, pulling in millions of dollars from hundreds of thousands of contributors averaging about $100 each, while his support in polls was still single-digit.
His message is an old one: Freedom, limited government. And it is the SAME message that has a track record of doing this same sort of mass-movement-inspiration in the past, resulting in the American Revolution and the creation of the current government (among its other success stories).
Given the message's historic track record (especially among downtrodden elite-ridden "huddled masses") and Ron's personal record using it, I have little doubt that it was only the lack of exposure in, and distortion by, the old media that is responsible for his continued marginalization.
I think their messages have merit, but they didn't get any traction because most people weren't already convinced, not because they were ignored by the media.
And how does one convince them if they don't hear the arguments? Since the message is very convincing WHEN IT'S DELIVERED, it's specifically "being ignored (or distorted and libeled) by the media" that is the missing link.
I am getting really sick of hearing how big corps "picked" Obama and McCain,... we picked them not Exxon or McDonalds
Or Newscorp?
After watching how Ron Paul and Alan Keys were both marginalized by selective non-reporting (despite Paul's recordbreaking fundraising and massive grassroots support), I have no trouble viewing McCain as a corporate pick (or the people's pick from the corporations' small set of approved options). Ditto Obama (and Clinton) vs. Kucinich.
... I have no idea what a "fractal planetary arrangement" is...
The aspect of "fractal" I had in mind was "equivalently arranged across large variations in scale".
I.e. a gas giant and its moons are just a small version of a star and its planets, etc.
Of course you do get a discontinuity between a star that ignites and a gas giant that does not. For instance: A star's heat drives more volatiles off the orbiting rocky objects than a gas giant's warmth does. Solar wind tends to clear out small debris. (And that's not counting transient stuff around the ignition itself.)
Nevertheless, perhaps there are useful insights to be had from this speculation.
I have used MySQL for nearly 7 years now.... 30 databases... many servers and operating systems from MS to Linux.... as small as 200k to one as large as 900MB.....I have never had a single issue with any of them in all that time, ever.
Sounds like somebody got a program working right and, instead of tweaking it some more and breaking it again, quit.
After decades of information technology it's ABOUT TIME that happened.
Am I the only person who thinks that the movie studios waiting until Real designed, built, and tested this software at enormous expense before suing in order to suppress this product, is incredibly low?
What are they supposed to sue over before that happens? The rumor that Real MIGHT be doing this?
Why spend the money to be laughed out of court? Worse yet: Why risk having a judge decide that such products are OK when none was even in progress - but a hundred would be started the day after the ruling?
Slashdot Mirror
It's about 4 degrees absolute... More accurately: about 2.725 +- .002 degrees Kelvin. Also know as the "cosmic microwave background radiation".
You don't need matter to have a temperature. Even in a "perfect" vacuum (i.e. nothing but quantum fluctuation transient particle-antiparticle pairs) there is still radiant energy in the form of photons - and their wavelength distribution corresponds to a temperature.
It's the temperature at which a black-body test object, bathed continuously in photons of that frequency distribution, would neither warm up nor cool down further.
The radiant temperature of the sky far from the influence of nearby galaxies is known as the "cosmic background temperature". It's about 4 degrees absolute - corresponding to the light from the big bang red-shifted down a LOT by cosmic expansion.
BAD IDEA.
Which? Ron Paul, or Mitnick?
The Internet balloting is primarily servicemen. If there is a way for them to legitimately vote for Ron Paul (either he's on the ballot or there is a way to write him in) they MIGHT get some large number of LEGITIMATE votes for him.
... they'll claim it's a crack even if they were legit. (Does the system accept write-ins?)
Now if they get 500+ votes for Mitnick...
The better metric would be how many Libraries of Congress the kernal is.
Perhaps better would be number of times the size of the Unix System 6 kernel.
That's the one that the University of Waterloo printed as a textbook, half of a two book set. (The other book was the OS course text using it as the example.) They printed it at 50 lines per page column and added (lots of) whitespace and adjusted comments so routines fell on nice page boundaries. Even padded this way it came out to a total of ten thousand lines (of which I think 2 thousand were still in assembly code). Just right for one person to maintain full-time by the then-current rule-of-thumb.
So the linux kernel is a thousand times the size of that (whitespace-padded) version of the Unix kernel.
"... Ethernet, which drops packets when traffic congestion occurs, needs to evolve into a low latency, "lossless" transport technology with congestion management and flow control features, ..."
If I understand right, they're trying to change Ethernet because of TCP/IP?
Nope.
They're trying to build a mechanism for bandwidth and latency guarantees into the protocols. That's what you need for reliable streams, efficient delivery of networked storage data, etc. Ethernet doesn't provide such a mechanism: It's first-come-first-served at switches, though routers (and some smart switches) can pick and chose (and both can backpressure with PAUSE frames.)
You could build the mechanism on top of ethernet transport using IP's Quality of Service mechanisms - and that would be the preferred way to do it. But doing so requires treating some packets better than others. And the "network neutrality" push is throwing that baby out with the bathwater.
So it looks like the vendors are trying to build those mechanisms into the underlying protocols - sidestepping the issue (and redefining things so it could also be used to implement backbone packet preferences later without making a non-"neutral" network a violation of the definition of the network protocols).
= = = =
Another change coming down the pike, by the way: One thing Ethernet DOESN'T do now, but COULD, is distribute network timing by synchronizing the carrier to a network clock at a transmitter and recovering it at the receiver. This is the last missing piece for converging the old TDM networks (T1/E1/SONET/SDH/POTS/ADM/...) onto IP-over-Ethernet.
The new thing is called "Synchronous Ethernet" and telecom equipment suppliers (notably Ericsson) are pushing its standardization. (IEEE 1588 tries to do this with messages but is a couple orders of magnitude less accurate and a lot more expensive. For some equipment vendors doing Synchronous Ethernet is a minor tweak to line cards plus a tiny bit of software, and it's as accurate as the decades-proven TDM stuff it replaces.)
Nope, both of which have higher overhead than full-duplex ethernet. They have better throughput than half-duplex ethernet, which is about as useful as being better than avian carriers. Half-duplex ethernet should just be banned entirely. Maybe that would make Linksys wake up.
Half-duplex ethernet corresponds to the way things work on a shared peer-to-peer radio channel. Like WiFi. (Which uses the Ethernet MAC and collision/backoff algorithms - though I think the collision detection is inferred rather than explicit.) (WiMAX, however, is a full-duplex protocol with central stations monopolizing an outbound channel and assigning timeslots for replies from remote stations on an inbound channel.)
Of course that DOES qualify as an "avian carrier", doesn't it?
... by Abbie Hoffman.
Calling it a "how to survive by dumpster diving and shoplifting" manual would not cover it.
If they're going to be killing their own people in the first place, why in the world would you think "kill everyone" wouldn't be their first objective?
Because the whole POINT of using the military on the population is to have somebody left, and sufficiently docile, to work for the ruling class when it's over.
Cracking WEP/WPA will hardly be the end of business WiFi.
For instance: The company where I'm working has operated for years on the assumption that WiFi's own encryption is just a warning sign and trivially broken.
They have the WiFi on its own subnet with its own firewall. Get on (with the WEP key) and you can only reach the nameserver, VPN server, and SSH server. Use an encrypted tunnel or you might as well be standalone.
Or at least that's the way that the people in government see it.
It's a lot easier to manipulate a population that can't do the math that would let them see through a lot of the propaganda, or handle their own finances.
(Note that some "experts" are now recommending that algebra no longer be taught in K-12, claiming that "nobody uses it" anymore...)
Are they really saying this newly-uncovered, ultra-hyped, horrible, end-of-the-internet, cross-browser, gotta-fix-the-world-but-it's-SO-hard, threat... ... was INVISIBLE BUTTONS?
... they'll just buy the firmware upgrade.
Wikipedia says the satellite also produces 1.65 meter multispectral imagery. I wonder if that is available publicly (without space-high fees) and how to go about getting hold of it?
(Back in the late '60s and early '70s I was working on multispectral recognition and mapping programs to process aircraft, Skylab, and ERTS/Landsat data. Missed renewing my ham license due to a rush project hacking up a "clustering" algorithm to come up with a recognition map for a hunk of Italy for which we had data but no "ground truth" for calibrating the recognition algorithm. I always wanted to be able to play with that stuff personally, outside a sponsored research context. Now the computing power and storage is trivially cheap, so all that's needed is access to the data.)
As I understand it, Google used what was available (and cheap) when they were starting up the service. If something had been of interest to someone ELSE there'd be higher resolution imagery available.
For quite a while my rural retirement house in Nevada had a very low resolution picture of the construction site from years before. Then Steve Fossett disappeared after taking off from a place a half-hour's drive away and google upgraded the imagery of the area to help with the search. The new pics are not as sharp as this latest imagery. But you can see the house, garage, and propane tank just fine.
Anyone else remember the exciting world of IRDA?
Not only that, I remember Arcnet.
Very early on in computing there was Datapoint's Arcnet. It was a token ring network that tied their early desktop machines (the SSL IC machines whose instruction set spawned the 8008) and their associated fileservers.
Options for interconnection included:
- copper cabling
- "Arclight" building-to-building infrared links. (They had separate transmitting and receiving lenses maybe a foot across each and were good for miles if it wasn't foggy or raining. If it was foggy or raining the net partitioned and rejoined automagically as the blockage moved around.)
- room-filling infrared (with repeaters about the size of smoke detectors or smaller for penetrating walls).
Nothing new here - unless you count that somebody's going to do it yet again.
with the braille instrument cluster.
Again, what indication do you have that any of their messages would have resonated with a largely apathetic, willfully ignorant american public?
I contest your characterization of the American public.
Ron Paul effectively got exposure ONLY on the internet - which the Old Media were unable to gatekeep - and by word of mouth. His message had VERY broad appeal - among Republicans, Democrats, Independents, new voters, old voters who had given up and dropped out, ... (If he'd gotten started 9 months earlier and the rate had kept up he'd have taken the nomination handily - and the presidency as well.) He broke the all-time one-day fundraising record, pulling in millions of dollars from hundreds of thousands of contributors averaging about $100 each, while his support in polls was still single-digit.
His message is an old one: Freedom, limited government. And it is the SAME message that has a track record of doing this same sort of mass-movement-inspiration in the past, resulting in the American Revolution and the creation of the current government (among its other success stories).
Given the message's historic track record (especially among downtrodden elite-ridden "huddled masses") and Ron's personal record using it, I have little doubt that it was only the lack of exposure in, and distortion by, the old media that is responsible for his continued marginalization.
I think their messages have merit, but they didn't get any traction because most people weren't already convinced, not because they were ignored by the media.
And how does one convince them if they don't hear the arguments? Since the message is very convincing WHEN IT'S DELIVERED, it's specifically "being ignored (or distorted and libeled) by the media" that is the missing link.
Sounds like somebody got a program working right and, instead of tweaking it some more and breaking it again, quit.
Yeah, because requirements never change.
Sometimes they don't. B-)
I am getting really sick of hearing how big corps "picked" Obama and McCain, ... we picked them not Exxon or McDonalds
Or Newscorp?
After watching how Ron Paul and Alan Keys were both marginalized by selective non-reporting (despite Paul's recordbreaking fundraising and massive grassroots support), I have no trouble viewing McCain as a corporate pick (or the people's pick from the corporations' small set of approved options). Ditto Obama (and Clinton) vs. Kucinich.
... I have no idea what a "fractal planetary arrangement" is...
The aspect of "fractal" I had in mind was "equivalently arranged across large variations in scale".
I.e. a gas giant and its moons are just a small version of a star and its planets, etc.
Of course you do get a discontinuity between a star that ignites and a gas giant that does not. For instance: A star's heat drives more volatiles off the orbiting rocky objects than a gas giant's warmth does. Solar wind tends to clear out small debris. (And that's not counting transient stuff around the ignition itself.)
Nevertheless, perhaps there are useful insights to be had from this speculation.
One thing I've wondered about: Does orbital mechanics lead to fractal planetary arrangements?
If so, binary stars and star/gas-giant planetary systems are just points in a continuum.
I have used MySQL for nearly 7 years now. ... 30 databases ... many servers and operating systems from MS to Linux. ... as small as 200k to one as large as 900MB.....I have never had a single issue with any of them in all that time, ever.
Sounds like somebody got a program working right and, instead of tweaking it some more and breaking it again, quit.
After decades of information technology it's ABOUT TIME that happened.
WAYTAGO!
Am I the only person who thinks that the movie studios waiting until Real designed, built, and tested this software at enormous expense before suing in order to suppress this product, is incredibly low?
What are they supposed to sue over before that happens? The rumor that Real MIGHT be doing this?
Why spend the money to be laughed out of court? Worse yet: Why risk having a judge decide that such products are OK when none was even in progress - but a hundred would be started the day after the ruling?
Don't forget "Supercar".