In the real world we also run into:
encoding overhead, protocol overhead, errors, bus resets, cache misses, interference and many other factors which impact actual throughput.
FYI: Studies I have observed myself during a research project indicated that the maximum total throughput under GigE is approx. 80MiB/sec under ideal conditions, even though 1,062*1000^3 = 126,600MiB/sec
Of course it all varies depending on the network adapter used, packet size, processor "speed", RAM, Operating System [!!!], 64bit x 66MHz PCI vs. 64bit x 33MHz PCI vs. 32bit x 33MHz PCI, copper vs. MMF or SMF, HD vs FD, and about a bazillion other factors.
Believe it or not, at an undisclosed, fully accredited, state-owned University somewhere in the US they taught us in a senior level networking class of all places that due to those factors it is wiser to divide by 10 when converting bits to bytes.
The ABL / AL-1 is intended to be a "boost phase intercept" (BPI) weapon. It is designed to orbit a potential adversary for several hours at a time with aircraft constantly rotating in and out of theater. With air refueling the AL-1 could stay airborne almost indefinitely only limited by the endurance of the crew. The whole idea is to be able to intercept ballistic missiles while they are still in boost phase shortly after they have been launched causing the debris to fall on the people that launched the missiles in the first place.
BPI is much less risky than terminal phase intercept (i.e. attempting to shoot the missiles down on reentry). If you fail to shoot the target down in boost phase you will at least get a second chance to shoot it down on reentry provided you have missile interceptors in theater (which we do in the case of Iraq).
The AL-1 uses a very powerful chemical Laser which has a range of several hundred miles (between 200-800 miles) and if I recall correctly has enough chemical fuel for about 26 shots. The laser itself occupies virtually the entire length of the airframe with the fuel storage tanks being in the aft section to the best of my recollection.
Hopefully we will have a few AL-1s available in theater for the impending war with Iraq.
Even if we only have a couple of prototypes that is still better than nothing.
Despite the fact that we have numerous missile interceptors in the form of the MIM-104 PAC2 Patriot all over the world we do not have the ability to intercept ballistic missiles worldwide with a high degree of success. The AL-1 would vastly increase our ability to perform a successful intercept. We could probably keep the continental US safe with about 10 AL-1s rotating in and out. Naturally it would be nice to have a backup in the form on NMD (National Missile Defense) with other systems supplementing our defenses. Ideally, if we could park a small constellation of satellites with HELs (High Energy Lasers) in orbit around the planet we could provide global coverage against ALL ballistic missiles (short range, intermediate range and intercontinental) launched from anywhere on earth thus ensuring global peace and stability.
The comments below are offered in the hope that they will be of some use to the original poster and are not intended to offend anyone.
The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not reflect the opinions of the author's employer or any organization(s) the author may be affiliated with.
The TCO of replacing Windows with Linux will depend on the following factors:
1. size of your organization 2. complexity of your organization 3. your budget 4. your hardware (including your network hardware) 5. your software 6. your human resources (minus your IT people) 7. your IT people
If you have a small or medium sized organization with a good IT dept., Linux compatible hardware, flexible management, employees willing to accept something that looks and works a little differently and you are not running any strange / proprietary software which does not have an open source or Linux equivalent then you could migrate your whole organization with the assistance of 1 Linux/Hardware geek.
If that is the case you could migrate everything for the cost of 1 full time geek (30-120K/yr).
If you have a very large+complex organization, in order to achieve the best possible TCO you would need:
1. at least 1 Linux Guru/Master Geek (60-200K) 2. at least 1 Hardware Master Geek (60-200K) 3. at least 1 Linux Slave / Hardcore Geek (30-80K) 4. at least 1 Hardware Slave / hardcore geek (30-80K) 5. a budget sufficiently large enough to pay for the migration costs (an incremental rollout would cost more) 6. a small development team to code new apps and or drivers if you cannot find suitable replacements for what you currently have (1 to 5 people at 30-80K a piece)
If you migrate everything overnight that will have the lowest possible TCO.
If you migrate gradually you will end up paying more over time but that would allow your people more time to adjust thus reducing the human resources problems/issues.
If you have a small budget and you are not authorized to kill the patient in order to save it then your only option might be to migrate a small number of machines at a time and retrain your people as you go whenever necessary.
The best time to upgrade your OS would be if you are about to purchase new machines anyway you could then replace the old machine with the new machines incrementally fixing problems as you go.
In general Linux is awesome when used as a:
1. file and print server 2. public web server 3. intranet/private web server 3. firewall 4. router 5. mail server 6. database server 7. DNS server 8. network management workstation / server 9. authentication server
This is by no means an exhaustive list.
I can say no more without knowing more about your organization.
If you can provide more details about your organization without divulging the identity of that organization please do so. I am sure there are many slashdot.org members out there that could provide you with a lot more information if they knew more about your systems and your internal structures.
You might want to consider contracting an independent third party with good Linux and Windows knowledge to come in and inspect your organization and give you a guesstimate of what it will take to migrate.
Slashdot Mirror
Perhaps... or perhaps one of my former classmates
Incidentally, what is the distance to your local POP?
PS What kind of wiring is present in your residence or place of bussiness and who is your provider? Just trying to see if I can help.
Indeed, my math was wrong and for that I apologize!
However I did say:
3gbps ~= 300MB/sec which was meant to indicate it was "[very] approximately" 300MB/sec
300*1024^3=322,122,547,200 bytes per second and 3gbps = 3,000,000,000 (3 billion bits per second).
3000000000/8 = 375,000,000 bytes = 357 MiB/sec (1KiB = 1024^1 bytes, 1MiB = 1024^2 bytes, 1GiB= 1024^3 bytes)
In the real world we also run into: encoding overhead, protocol overhead, errors, bus resets, cache misses, interference and many other factors which impact actual throughput.
FYI: Studies I have observed myself during a research project indicated that the maximum total throughput under GigE is approx. 80MiB/sec under ideal conditions, even though 1,062*1000^3 = 126,600MiB/sec
Of course it all varies depending on the network adapter used, packet size, processor "speed", RAM, Operating System [!!!], 64bit x 66MHz PCI vs. 64bit x 33MHz PCI vs. 32bit x 33MHz PCI, copper vs. MMF or SMF, HD vs FD, and about a bazillion other factors.
Believe it or not, at an undisclosed, fully accredited, state-owned University somewhere in the US they taught us in a senior level networking class of all places that due to those factors it is wiser to divide by 10 when converting bits to bytes.
Go figure! I am NOT making this up!
Peace and Long Life
Greetings fellow geeks :-)
U320/LVD SCSI is capabable of 320MB / sec not 320mbps.
3gbps ~= 300MB/sec. therefore it would not be be quite as fast as U320 SCSI.
Naturally 320MB/sec is the theoretical max bandwidth for the SCSI bus not the individual drives in the SCSI chain.
Live long and prosper
The ABL / AL-1 is intended to be a "boost phase intercept" (BPI) weapon. It is designed to orbit a potential adversary for several hours at a time with aircraft constantly rotating in and out of theater. With air refueling the AL-1 could stay airborne almost indefinitely only limited by the endurance of the crew. The whole idea is to be able to intercept ballistic missiles while they are still in boost phase shortly after they have been launched causing the debris to fall on the people that launched the missiles in the first place.
BPI is much less risky than terminal phase intercept (i.e. attempting to shoot the missiles down on reentry). If you fail to shoot the target down in boost phase you will at least get a second chance to shoot it down on reentry provided you have missile interceptors in theater (which we do in the case of Iraq).
The AL-1 uses a very powerful chemical Laser which has a range of several hundred miles (between 200-800 miles) and if I recall correctly has enough chemical fuel for about 26 shots. The laser itself occupies virtually the entire length of the airframe with the fuel storage tanks being in the aft section to the best of my recollection.
Hopefully we will have a few AL-1s available in theater for the impending war with Iraq.
Even if we only have a couple of prototypes that is still better than nothing.
Despite the fact that we have numerous missile interceptors in the form of the MIM-104 PAC2 Patriot all over the world we do not have the ability to intercept ballistic missiles worldwide with a high degree of success. The AL-1 would vastly increase our ability to perform a successful intercept. We could probably keep the continental US safe with about 10 AL-1s rotating in and out. Naturally it would be nice to have a backup in the form on NMD (National Missile Defense) with other systems supplementing our defenses. Ideally, if we could park a small constellation of satellites with HELs (High Energy Lasers) in orbit around the planet we could provide global coverage against ALL ballistic missiles (short range, intermediate range and intercontinental) launched from anywhere on earth thus ensuring global peace and stability.
Live long and prosper
Unix_Geek_65535
Standard disclaimers apply
The comments below are offered in the hope that they will be of some use to the original poster and are not intended to offend anyone.
The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not reflect the opinions of the author's employer or any organization(s) the author may be affiliated with.
The TCO of replacing Windows with Linux will depend on the following factors:
1. size of your organization
2. complexity of your organization
3. your budget
4. your hardware (including your network hardware)
5. your software
6. your human resources (minus your IT people)
7. your IT people
If you have a small or medium sized organization with a good IT dept., Linux compatible hardware, flexible management, employees willing to accept something that looks and works a little differently and you are not running any strange / proprietary software which does not have an open source or Linux equivalent then you could migrate your whole organization with the assistance of 1 Linux/Hardware geek.
If that is the case you could migrate everything for the cost of 1 full time geek (30-120K/yr).
If you have a very large+complex organization, in order to achieve the best possible TCO you would need:
1. at least 1 Linux Guru/Master Geek (60-200K)
2. at least 1 Hardware Master Geek (60-200K)
3. at least 1 Linux Slave / Hardcore Geek (30-80K)
4. at least 1 Hardware Slave / hardcore geek (30-80K)
5. a budget sufficiently large enough to pay for the migration costs (an incremental rollout would cost more)
6. a small development team to code new apps and or drivers if you cannot find suitable replacements for what you currently have (1 to 5 people at 30-80K a piece)
If you migrate everything overnight that will have the lowest possible TCO.
If you migrate gradually you will end up paying more over time but that would allow your people more time to adjust thus reducing the human resources problems/issues.
If you have a small budget and you are not authorized to kill the patient in order to save it then your only option might be to migrate a small number of machines at a time and retrain your people as you go whenever necessary.
The best time to upgrade your OS would be if you are about to purchase new machines anyway you could then replace the old machine with the new machines incrementally fixing problems as you go.
In general Linux is awesome when used as a:
1. file and print server
2. public web server
3. intranet/private web server
3. firewall
4. router
5. mail server
6. database server
7. DNS server
8. network management workstation / server
9. authentication server
This is by no means an exhaustive list.
I can say no more without knowing more about your organization.
If you can provide more details about your organization without divulging the identity of that organization please do so. I am sure there are many slashdot.org members out there that could provide you with a lot more information if they knew more about your systems and your internal structures.
You might want to consider contracting an independent third party with good Linux and Windows knowledge to come in and inspect your organization and give you a guesstimate of what it will take to migrate.
Live long and prosper iII II
Unix_Geek_65535