Ethernet defines layer 1 and 2 of the OSI stack - eg the physical/electrical specification, and a protocol (802.3 variants for example).
So, If you're plugging into cat5 with an ethernet NIC and an Ethernet switch, then you could argue that you have an ethernet interface, regardless of what protocol you're running.
For instance, both IPX and IP will run over ethernet, but they wont necesarily use the same 802.3 protocol.
As I said in this post, it doesnt have to be like that. You're still thinking two dimensional.
eg * red, green, blue * apples, lemons and bananas.
All perfectly unique, all one move away, no intermediate transitions. The trick is finding an electrical equivalent.
Another analogy is to imagine points in space - eg trinary could be a set of points in two dimensional space, quaternary logic a set of points in three dimensional space etc.
That's fine for gate signal, but what about the source/drain current? As the transition occurs, junction resistance travels from high to low. During this, I^2R losses occur.
PS - I dont think I ever said there was significant power loss during the ON or OFF phases - just the transition. Whether that be gate voltage in MOS technology, or gate current in bipolar, the transition still has an impact as it puts the junction through an intermediate (linear) state.
once you throw those bit's away, there gone forever.... Analog and digital will always be just that
Without getting too much into this offtopic debate, this is not completely accurate.
Yes, bit resolution does limit accuracy - but what is the accuracy of your source? If you record with enough bits/speed to reach your noise limit and equipment response, then I'd argue that you've got enough information for an accurate reproduction. Dont knock digital - it's more than capable of exceding the capabilities of vinyl records.
That said, the bit resolution on a CD isnt particularly impressive. I'd agree that vinyl could certainly sound better.
Deep pockets might be one thing, but head smashing ability is another. Would you expect a fabrication plant to play dirty? I doubt it. Would you expect a diamond cartel with alot to lose to use threats and violence? I'll leave that answer for the readers.
Ive seen variable speed drives for industrial motors in the order of megawatts that used solid state devices (triacs?). Frequency was relatively low though.
The latest one I saw was a big sucker - the transistor itself was a couple of litres in terms of volume. Aparantly they make a nice *pop* too.
Who says the signal has to reach it's destination by the end of the clock signal. You could end up with several bits of information travelling in a train.
Sure, it's difficult to deal with, but not a limiting factor. Current optical fibre networking systems operate at bit rates in excess of 1GHz over distances of kilometers. Even if there were several channels involved, we're still talking distances far greater than 1 cycle worth of propagation.
In fact - I recall that some old computing/memory devices used to use effects like this (trains of sound pulses in a tank) for storage.
I explained it exactly above. If you underclock, rate of switching goes down, but the response time is the same. This means that in every unit of time, there will be less of the tranistions that cause heat dissipation.
Response time provides a maximum limit to switching speed. A device that is capable of switching fast, but is operated at a lower speed (underclocking), will produce less heat.
Faster switching speed does have benefits in power reduction.
One on the main causes of heating in semiconductors is the switching performance. Whilst a transistor is "on", voltage accross it is zero (or near to), current high, power dissipation (equals voltage * current) is low. Whilst a transistor is "off", voltage accross it is high, current is zero, power dissipation low. However, during the transition from on/off, voltage and current levels are both intermediate, hence power dissipation occurs. Faster switching response times means less dissipation during switching.
Ive just realised - the flaw with this is that diamonds may become worthless - like junk jewelery. Then women will want us to spend 6 weeks salaray on some unobtainium.
I dont think memory speed is necesarily the issue - we allready have some technology for that.
AFAIK, the real issue is bus bandwidth. This tech might help with fast serial busses - maybe using optics? Plain parallel wires get a bit tricky aroung that frequency region.
Because you have to run those signals over wires, which do a really crappy job of conducting a high speed signal. On chip cache is certainly fast - just expensive (real estate and fabrication errors)
At the sort of frequencies we're currently using, circuit tracks look more like inductors and capacitors than bits of wires. They essentially act as antennas, and there is a massive amount of effort spent in trying to avoid those effects.
81GHz is the switching speed of the transistor, not the processing speed of a resulting PC. Some of the reasons are:
* CPU's perform a large number of transistor switches in a single clock cycle. * The rise/fall response time must be much smaller than the switching time.
Peristaltic pumps still require a motor and maybe gearbox, and these both produce noise. Their flow rate is also quite limited, but they can produce some reasonable pressures. Unfortunately, the tube is subject to stress/fatigue and can burst.
Compared to a magnetic driven impellor, they just dont cut it. Not particularly efficient (especially at high pressures), but a well designed impellor can give excellent performance with low noise.
uh let's go over your concept. Sure bandwidth costs money but is your ISP charging you more to receive spam? I highly doubt this, and if they are, and you are paying more than you're the fool.
You dont understand economics, do you? The ISP pays for bandwidth, pays for server to filter the mail, and pays for people to adminsitrate those servers.
At the end of the day, the costs are transferred to the end users. Sure, there's competition, but businesses are there to make money. If all ISP's all spending a fortune on spam, everybody losses.
Not just that, but there was no threat specifically to his kids.
Quote:....He had received more than 20 phone calls, five of them obscene...."I have already banned my 5-year-old from answering the phone," he said.
Whilst it is unfortunate that his children were exposed to abuse, it is nothing compared to the millions of penis emails delivered to other kids inboxes. Why were his kids answering the phone anyway?
I really don't think that you could eat meat and not consider yourself a killer.
What about all of those innocent plant, being killed for vegan satisfaction? Plants have feelings too - at least that's what some hippies say. They are certainly alive - but people have no issue ripping their their heads off and maiming them.
I dont see how people can draw a line between plants and animals. Food is food, our body required a balanced diet. We dont eat cats and dogs because they are pets, we dont eat dolphins and monkeys because they have been shown to be intelligent. On the other hand, no-one has shown cows to have any greater consciousness than grass.
PS - I grew up on a farm where we ate our own livestock, and have no issue with where my meat comes from.
Slashdot Mirror
will they drop their prices too?
Yep, just like CD's did to the price of games when they first came out, hey!
Ethernet defines layer 1 and 2 of the OSI stack - eg the physical/electrical specification, and a protocol (802.3 variants for example).
So, If you're plugging into cat5 with an ethernet NIC and an Ethernet switch, then you could argue that you have an ethernet interface, regardless of what protocol you're running.
For instance, both IPX and IP will run over ethernet, but they wont necesarily use the same 802.3 protocol.
As I said in this post, it doesnt have to be like that. You're still thinking two dimensional.
eg
* red, green, blue
* apples, lemons and bananas.
All perfectly unique, all one move away, no intermediate transitions. The trick is finding an electrical equivalent.
Another analogy is to imagine points in space - eg trinary could be a set of points in two dimensional space, quaternary logic a set of points in three dimensional space etc.
You're still thinking binary. What about
* Red, Green and Blue
* Apples, lemons and bananas
All unique, easily identifiable, only one step between them. No intermediate transition required. Now, we just have use an electronic equivalent.
That's fine for gate signal, but what about the source/drain current? As the transition occurs, junction resistance travels from high to low. During this, I^2R losses occur.
PS - I dont think I ever said there was significant power loss during the ON or OFF phases - just the transition. Whether that be gate voltage in MOS technology, or gate current in bipolar, the transition still has an impact as it puts the junction through an intermediate (linear) state.
after we reach that 300 GHz barrier, and it is not possible to have CPUs faster than that
Why?
once you throw those bit's away, there gone forever. ...
Analog and digital will always be just that
Without getting too much into this offtopic debate, this is not completely accurate.
Yes, bit resolution does limit accuracy - but what is the accuracy of your source? If you record with enough bits/speed to reach your noise limit and equipment response, then I'd argue that you've got enough information for an accurate reproduction. Dont knock digital - it's more than capable of exceding the capabilities of vinyl records.
That said, the bit resolution on a CD isnt particularly impressive. I'd agree that vinyl could certainly sound better.
Deep pockets might be one thing, but head smashing ability is another. Would you expect a fabrication plant to play dirty? I doubt it. Would you expect a diamond cartel with alot to lose to use threats and violence? I'll leave that answer for the readers.
Ive seen variable speed drives for industrial motors in the order of megawatts that used solid state devices (triacs?). Frequency was relatively low though.
The latest one I saw was a big sucker - the transistor itself was a couple of litres in terms of volume. Aparantly they make a nice *pop* too.
Who says the signal has to reach it's destination by the end of the clock signal. You could end up with several bits of information travelling in a train.
Sure, it's difficult to deal with, but not a limiting factor. Current optical fibre networking systems operate at bit rates in excess of 1GHz over distances of kilometers. Even if there were several channels involved, we're still talking distances far greater than 1 cycle worth of propagation.
In fact - I recall that some old computing/memory devices used to use effects like this (trains of sound pulses in a tank) for storage.
The impressive part is that they can manipulate and measure the gate at these speeds. Im guessing that task falls to analog circuits.
I explained it exactly above. If you underclock, rate of switching goes down, but the response time is the same. This means that in every unit of time, there will be less of the tranistions that cause heat dissipation.
Response time provides a maximum limit to switching speed. A device that is capable of switching fast, but is operated at a lower speed (underclocking), will produce less heat.
*easily* is a relative term. Fast memory is still expensive, but yes, it is achievable. Just look at Xeon processors with 4MB cache.
Whilst price is one consideration, I'd agree that the bottleneck really is the memory bus.
Faster switching speed does have benefits in power reduction.
One on the main causes of heating in semiconductors is the switching performance. Whilst a transistor is "on", voltage accross it is zero (or near to), current high, power dissipation (equals voltage * current) is low. Whilst a transistor is "off", voltage accross it is high, current is zero, power dissipation low. However, during the transition from on/off, voltage and current levels are both intermediate, hence power dissipation occurs. Faster switching response times means less dissipation during switching.
Ive just realised - the flaw with this is that diamonds may become worthless - like junk jewelery. Then women will want us to spend 6 weeks salaray on some unobtainium.
I dont think memory speed is necesarily the issue - we allready have some technology for that.
AFAIK, the real issue is bus bandwidth. This tech might help with fast serial busses - maybe using optics? Plain parallel wires get a bit tricky aroung that frequency region.
Personally, I wouldnt care about authenticity, and neither would my wife if I gave her a rock twice the size for the same money.
Because you have to run those signals over wires, which do a really crappy job of conducting a high speed signal. On chip cache is certainly fast - just expensive (real estate and fabrication errors)
At the sort of frequencies we're currently using, circuit tracks look more like inductors and capacitors than bits of wires. They essentially act as antennas, and there is a massive amount of effort spent in trying to avoid those effects.
81GHz is the switching speed of the transistor, not the processing speed of a resulting PC. Some of the reasons are:
* CPU's perform a large number of transistor switches in a single clock cycle.
* The rise/fall response time must be much smaller than the switching time.
They're also excellent for vehicle indicators - ive seen a few truck around with them lately. Good contrast, low glare.
I certainly dont think they're the holy grail of lighting yet - especially compared to CF - but they do have a place in rugged, mobile applications.
Peristaltic pumps still require a motor and maybe gearbox, and these both produce noise. Their flow rate is also quite limited, but they can produce some reasonable pressures. Unfortunately, the tube is subject to stress/fatigue and can burst.
Compared to a magnetic driven impellor, they just dont cut it. Not particularly efficient (especially at high pressures), but a well designed impellor can give excellent performance with low noise.
uh let's go over your concept. Sure bandwidth costs money but is your ISP charging you more to receive spam? I highly doubt this, and if they are, and you are paying more than you're the fool.
You dont understand economics, do you? The ISP pays for bandwidth, pays for server to filter the mail, and pays for people to adminsitrate those servers.
At the end of the day, the costs are transferred to the end users. Sure, there's competition, but businesses are there to make money. If all ISP's all spending a fortune on spam, everybody losses.
Does it really need wings?
I assume it gets into space by brute force, not aerodynamic lift. Re-entry isnt any more challenging - it's basically a steep glide.
Not just that, but there was no threat specifically to his kids.
....He had received more than 20 phone calls, five of them obscene. ..."I have already banned my 5-year-old from answering the phone," he said.
Quote:
Whilst it is unfortunate that his children were exposed to abuse, it is nothing compared to the millions of penis emails delivered to other kids inboxes. Why were his kids answering the phone anyway?
No sympathy here.
I really don't think that you could eat meat and not consider yourself a killer.
What about all of those innocent plant, being killed for vegan satisfaction? Plants have feelings too - at least that's what some hippies say. They are certainly alive - but people have no issue ripping their their heads off and maiming them.
I dont see how people can draw a line between plants and animals. Food is food, our body required a balanced diet. We dont eat cats and dogs because they are pets, we dont eat dolphins and monkeys because they have been shown to be intelligent. On the other hand, no-one has shown cows to have any greater consciousness than grass.
PS - I grew up on a farm where we ate our own livestock, and have no issue with where my meat comes from.