Actually, I HAVE worked with PDP 11 Assembly!!!! The person that wrote that article OBVIOUSLY doesn't know C, Assembly, PDP 11, computers, etc.....
C is NOT EVEN CLOSE to PDP 11 assembly!
BASIC STUFF:
C has concepts like a stack, heap, etc... Many of those have to be managed in assembly!
C has sub routines! I forget if PDP 11 had macros, but even VAX 11 Macros don't come close to C!
C has an INFINITE number of variables of ANY type! Assembly uses limited registers, and usually lacks types common in C. IN FACT, the microvax STILL lacked them! It used a library to EMULATE various types of real math operations. GRANTED, many processors today have FPUs, but even THEY must be programmed for.
C IS a high level language. It has all the constructs and abilities of ANY language! With C++s extensions, it even has every facility JAVA does!
K&R May be using things like the lack of low level language support for a string to argue it is low level. Then again, are you SURE that is what they meant? I still remember that the IBM PC had instructions for a setup dip that were WRONG FOR YEARS! Did they EVER correct it? But to call C a low level language, and eqate it to ASSEMBLY is JUST PLAIN WRONG!
As for your comparison, most modula is COMPILED! ALSO, you YOURSELF admitted the program was CHANGED! HECK, for all we know you used matrices for some complex calculation, and blew C away by thus using optimized C low level routines to do what modula is so good at.
COMPILE TIME
Actually, C STILL compiles QUITE FAST! That really IS amazing when you consider that many now link BEHIND the scenes. So a 20 second compile may REALLY only be 5 seconds, with the rest of the time linking! Don't start comparing it with JAVA, VB, etc.... They do NOT TRULY compile! It is merely TOKENIZED!
EXECUTION SPEED
Java can NEVER be as fast as C over all! WHY?
1. Tokenized, so a parser WASTES TIME
2. Dynamic allocation, so the JVM wastes time
3. Garbage collection, so the CPU WASTES TIME!
4. Written mainly in C, and how can a handicapped C program be faster than a NON handicapped one?
For simple data entry, or programs changing parameters to LOW LEVEL methods, Java runs FINE! You will see little difference. For more complicated things, FORGET IT! THAT is why so much java runs SLOW, and so many companies have decided to KEEP things in C, etc...
PORTABILITY?
One word can shut THESE people up!
UNIX!
CPU SPEED?
FORGET IT! A faster cpu will speed up C also
JVM CPU?
FORGET IT! This WILL slow down C, and speed up Java, but the speed would be SLOWER than an IDENTICAL machine code processor.
How such articles can be written is ASTOUNDING! Just the fact that the language, JVM, and many low level routines are written in C should put it to rest!
Steve
YES, you CAN!
LASS, BASS, CRASS,GRASS, ASSUME, etc... sound the SAME!
LASER,CAPE,CRAPE,GRAPE,APE sound the SAME!
You are WRONG about spanish!
generalmente/jimenez
calle(Spanish "purists" claim ll as a special letter!)
And what of the N with a tilde?
All contrivances to claim spelling is phonetic and only ONE way. Yet you must know RULES!
Steve
1. Since a LOT of foreigners in the US are lazy, etc.... It is CLEAR that Americans are FAR from the worst. After all, there are OBVIOUSLY a lot of FOREIGNERS here advocating changes to make things easier for THEM!
2. English is NOT the only language lacking phonic only spelling. FAR from it! In fact, I will show you a popular word that seems to be closer to phonic in english!
THEATER!
In German, and some other languages, it is pronounced Tayahter(SAME SPELLING OF THEATER!) In English it is pronounced THeeahter. Yet many of you would just IGNORE the TH. And w and v ARE different! It is not our fault if, for some unknown reason, people seem to want to get rid of the W and replace it with V. I was just starting to get "used" to FIE! FIE is the new foreign bastardization of FIVE. They just throw the V out!
HEY, GREAT IDEA!!!!
Some people HATE non latin characters! SO, we must get rid of EVERYTHING but the English alphabet!(Look at foreign languages using the "latin" alphabet if you don't believe me!)
Some people HATE vowels, so we can get rid of AEIOUY!
Some people hate possible confusion, so lets get rid of the second closest sounding letter! So more K,S, w,x,z!
Some people are confused by certain sounds! So we can get rid of H,J,c,t,u,r!
Of course, our combinations will be limited, as consonents together may be hard to pronounce. Maybe someone can figure out how to have TRADITIONAL english with these requirements! I DOUBT IT! GOOD LUCK!
BTW While you are at it! Look at those foreign alphabets! Danish has like 6 new letters! German has a few new ones! French and Italian do ALSO! So does portuguese! EVEN SPANISH! Why don't we simplify THOSE ALSO! After all, they ADDED to the complexity! Apparantly English only added the idea of the TH sound.
What do you know about that!? They AREN'T more phonetic AFTER ALL! They just added more rules, and letters! German has rules about dipthongs ie,ei,eu,ue, and special characters such as umlauted, and the etset(sp?) which may or may NOT be equivalent to a double s!
Steve
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Actually, I HAVE worked with PDP 11 Assembly!!!! The person that wrote that article OBVIOUSLY doesn't know C, Assembly, PDP 11, computers, etc..... C is NOT EVEN CLOSE to PDP 11 assembly! BASIC STUFF: C has concepts like a stack, heap, etc... Many of those have to be managed in assembly! C has sub routines! I forget if PDP 11 had macros, but even VAX 11 Macros don't come close to C! C has an INFINITE number of variables of ANY type! Assembly uses limited registers, and usually lacks types common in C. IN FACT, the microvax STILL lacked them! It used a library to EMULATE various types of real math operations. GRANTED, many processors today have FPUs, but even THEY must be programmed for. C IS a high level language. It has all the constructs and abilities of ANY language! With C++s extensions, it even has every facility JAVA does! K&R May be using things like the lack of low level language support for a string to argue it is low level. Then again, are you SURE that is what they meant? I still remember that the IBM PC had instructions for a setup dip that were WRONG FOR YEARS! Did they EVER correct it? But to call C a low level language, and eqate it to ASSEMBLY is JUST PLAIN WRONG! As for your comparison, most modula is COMPILED! ALSO, you YOURSELF admitted the program was CHANGED! HECK, for all we know you used matrices for some complex calculation, and blew C away by thus using optimized C low level routines to do what modula is so good at. COMPILE TIME Actually, C STILL compiles QUITE FAST! That really IS amazing when you consider that many now link BEHIND the scenes. So a 20 second compile may REALLY only be 5 seconds, with the rest of the time linking! Don't start comparing it with JAVA, VB, etc.... They do NOT TRULY compile! It is merely TOKENIZED! EXECUTION SPEED Java can NEVER be as fast as C over all! WHY? 1. Tokenized, so a parser WASTES TIME 2. Dynamic allocation, so the JVM wastes time 3. Garbage collection, so the CPU WASTES TIME! 4. Written mainly in C, and how can a handicapped C program be faster than a NON handicapped one? For simple data entry, or programs changing parameters to LOW LEVEL methods, Java runs FINE! You will see little difference. For more complicated things, FORGET IT! THAT is why so much java runs SLOW, and so many companies have decided to KEEP things in C, etc... PORTABILITY? One word can shut THESE people up! UNIX! CPU SPEED? FORGET IT! A faster cpu will speed up C also JVM CPU? FORGET IT! This WILL slow down C, and speed up Java, but the speed would be SLOWER than an IDENTICAL machine code processor. How such articles can be written is ASTOUNDING! Just the fact that the language, JVM, and many low level routines are written in C should put it to rest! Steve
YES, you CAN! LASS, BASS, CRASS,GRASS, ASSUME, etc... sound the SAME! LASER,CAPE,CRAPE,GRAPE,APE sound the SAME! You are WRONG about spanish! generalmente/jimenez calle(Spanish "purists" claim ll as a special letter!) And what of the N with a tilde? All contrivances to claim spelling is phonetic and only ONE way. Yet you must know RULES! Steve
1. Since a LOT of foreigners in the US are lazy, etc.... It is CLEAR that Americans are FAR from the worst. After all, there are OBVIOUSLY a lot of FOREIGNERS here advocating changes to make things easier for THEM! 2. English is NOT the only language lacking phonic only spelling. FAR from it! In fact, I will show you a popular word that seems to be closer to phonic in english! THEATER! In German, and some other languages, it is pronounced Tayahter(SAME SPELLING OF THEATER!) In English it is pronounced THeeahter. Yet many of you would just IGNORE the TH. And w and v ARE different! It is not our fault if, for some unknown reason, people seem to want to get rid of the W and replace it with V. I was just starting to get "used" to FIE! FIE is the new foreign bastardization of FIVE. They just throw the V out! HEY, GREAT IDEA!!!! Some people HATE non latin characters! SO, we must get rid of EVERYTHING but the English alphabet!(Look at foreign languages using the "latin" alphabet if you don't believe me!) Some people HATE vowels, so we can get rid of AEIOUY! Some people hate possible confusion, so lets get rid of the second closest sounding letter! So more K,S, w,x,z! Some people are confused by certain sounds! So we can get rid of H,J,c,t,u,r! Of course, our combinations will be limited, as consonents together may be hard to pronounce. Maybe someone can figure out how to have TRADITIONAL english with these requirements! I DOUBT IT! GOOD LUCK! BTW While you are at it! Look at those foreign alphabets! Danish has like 6 new letters! German has a few new ones! French and Italian do ALSO! So does portuguese! EVEN SPANISH! Why don't we simplify THOSE ALSO! After all, they ADDED to the complexity! Apparantly English only added the idea of the TH sound. What do you know about that!? They AREN'T more phonetic AFTER ALL! They just added more rules, and letters! German has rules about dipthongs ie,ei,eu,ue, and special characters such as umlauted, and the etset(sp?) which may or may NOT be equivalent to a double s! Steve