Which part of 'clouds' did you not get? Daylight? Water vapour? Distribution?
There is no way that all of the US or all of Africa is covered in clouds And I for my part don't care what the clouds do over my solar plant at night... just in case you want to nitpick about nights. If you have trouble with the concept of nights, I gladly explain it to you: dark sun on the other side of the panet no solar power
You got that do far... so why bringing up nights in discussions about clouds?
Yes, you build two plants. And 90% of the time you have the power of: two plants. If that is to much, you sell it to 'elswhere'.
And your example is in no way different with a single solar plant and stupid fossile 'back up plant', energy grids don't work that way.
Real estate in the US costs neear to nothing... no idea what you want to say. I guess the land I need to build a 1GW solar plant in Arizon costs me $100...
Thermal energy is usually brown movement of molecules or atoms. As in 'Theromodynamics'.
Photons that carry 'thermal energy' are photons in the IR band. That are the photons that give you a warm feeling if you hold your hand in fromt of them, e.g. a char coal fire.
PV panels don't capture photons in the IR band... and they don't capture the movement energy of the molecules in the sun.
PV panels capture photons in the visibke spectrum... nothing thermal about them.
Of course it is the local law, what else would give a manufactor the power to restrict the warranty to the first owner? In europe the warranty is on the item. You have the original bill, you have the warranty, because: the law says so!
I'm looking at the Texas model, where generation, transmission, distribution, and retail can all be separated, and wondering how that's working out? Is that a model for the future? That is how it is done in the EU, and there is another player: reserve power. All is traded via an electronic spot market.
You are a prime example why a capacity factors are a complete pointless metric.
So I will fix a bit for you: 90% for nuclear^H^H^H^H^H^H^H base load plants, regardless if nuclear, coal, lignite, water, gas 60% for coal^H^H^H^H for load following plants, regardless if nuckear, coal, lignite, water, gas 40% for gas^H^H^H and hydro ^H^H^H^H, peaker plants/load balancing plants/reserve energy plants, regardless of... yadda you get it?
Off shore wind plants in germany often have a CF above 100%, because often enough the wind is so high that they produce 4 times the power of their rated capacity... so goes your CF and what you actually can measure with it: out of the window.
Solar plants could be tracking... you know? So: they have a 100% CF from sunrise till sunset, minus the energy cost of the tracking system. Of course they produce no power at night. So... on winter and summer solistice they had an CF of 50% unless: there is no sun (cloudy). In summer the days would be longer, and in winter shorter, that evens each other out. So the only question is: how many sun hours do you have per year?
No one is so idiotic to use a CF to estimate how 'cool' his PV installation is. People use 'insulation' at your 'location', converting that into a CF is completely pointless: unless you want to brag on/. with your inferiour knowledge about power plants.
Hint: there are three kinds of hydro plants: pumped storage, flow water (rivers) and dams. All of them have nealry 100% CF, no idea where you got you stupid number from. A pumped storrage pant will continiously either pump up, or let water downhill to balance the grid. It is basically always on high power tthroughput, either in one direction or the other. A flow water plant in a river, will always constantly run on 100%, untill there is a summer with low water. A dam plant will always be either used as base load plant (and run around 100%) or support the ramp up time of the day, so it is load following plant.
No idea what you wanted to calculate anyway:) The CF of a plant is determined by WHAT you do with the plant, not on what technology it is based.
We have no winters in Germany anymore anyway. If there is frost, it is for a week... another week later. Does it snow? Sometimes. The last 30 years I perhaps had to clean the pavement 10 times. Average winter temperature, even at night, is significantly above freezing point... since decades. As a child we had -30 degrees C... snow up to a meter. The army was sent out to clear streets in the 1970s (with tanks!!). Several years in a row! We had absurd high water marks (floodings) in spring, ships could not travel for months... I had school free for weeks because the ferry to my school did not go/could not go. Actually you could not even reach it as most of the road to the ferry was a dam: closed for cars because of fear of damage to the dam. Now we rarely have a high water, because there is not enough snow in the mountains to cause it in spring. The days with highest *percentage* of solar contribution are actually winter holidays with clear skies, like 1st of January. Of course the reason is: it is a holiday, peak demand is only 60% of a work day. But it looks amazing when you see around 12:00, 50% of your power comes from solar alone.
And thus, installed solar capacity can't be counted on to be there at any particular point in time and requires fossil fuel capacity as a backup. Or you do what others do: you have a back up solar plant. Wow that was so simple again. When was the last time that whole Africa was under clouds? Or whole USA?
Depends where you life. In europe household battery storages are more and more connected into so called 'virtual power plants'. They are used for balancing power snd reserve power. That earns the owners money. Going disconnected would make them lose that money. In other words in the center of a city it makes no sense to go disconnected. In a hut in a forrest up the mountains, perhaps it does.
The largely overpopulated areas will be the same like today: Beijing, Mexico City, Tokyo, Sao Paulo, Los Angeles, New Dheli... feel free to add your selection. Population growth on the planet will probbaly stop in 30 - 50 years, so no worries there.
Energy will never be free. The production might be close to free, perhaps you pay 1cent per kWh, however transport, gridstability, balancing power, reserve power, and simple things as metering snd billing: will always have significant costs.
So when we are close to free energy, the prices will drop by half, but not go doown to 1cent or less.
The parent was talking about HEAT. Birds don't get fried because overland lines are not hot! That the difference in voltage on 1million volts line is not enough over 3cm or 5 cm to cause pain to the birds is a no brainer.
I got mod bombed 3 times (I believe, probably only 2 times) and it took those guys half a year to drag me down that I lost my +1 bonus while posting. No idea about the implementation details.
I filed a report, of course, and my Karma got restored and the culprits perma lost mod rights.
Slashdot Mirror
I live in the country where the Porsche911 is build :)
Do you even have taxes on vehicles in the US?
Night != clouds. ... google your local load curve.
At night people sleep.
At night factories are offline.
At mit the power consumption is
We talked about clouds for a reason, idiot.
We know it is dark at night, idiot.
Which part of 'clouds' did you not get?
Daylight?
Water vapour?
Distribution?
There is no way that all of the US or all of Africa is covered in clouds ... just in case you want to nitpick about nights.
And I for my part don't care what the clouds do over my solar plant at night
If you have trouble with the concept of nights, I gladly explain it to you:
dark
sun on the other side of the panet
no solar power
You got that do far ... so why bringing up nights in discussions about clouds?
Yes, you build two plants.
And 90% of the time you have the power of: two plants.
If that is to much, you sell it to 'elswhere'.
And your example is in no way different with a single solar plant and stupid fossile 'back up plant', energy grids don't work that way.
Real estate in the US costs neear to nothing ... no idea what you want to say. ...
I guess the land I need to build a 1GW solar plant in Arizon costs me $100
Thermal energy is usually brown movement of molecules or atoms. As in 'Theromodynamics'.
Photons that carry 'thermal energy' are photons in the IR band. That are the photons that give you a warm feeling if you hold your hand in fromt of them, e.g. a char coal fire.
PV panels don't capture photons in the IR band ... and they don't capture the movement energy of the molecules in the sun.
PV panels capture photons in the visibke spectrum ... nothing thermal about them.
Of course it is the local law, what else would give a manufactor the power to restrict the warranty to the first owner?
In europe the warranty is on the item. You have the original bill, you have the warranty, because: the law says so!
https://www.washingtonpost.com...
I'm looking at the Texas model, where generation, transmission, distribution, and retail can all be separated, and wondering how that's working out? Is that a model for the future?
That is how it is done in the EU, and there is another player: reserve power.
All is traded via an electronic spot market.
Cars as a whole are massively subsidized, via the public paying for roads ... at least in my country.
Public payed roads are payed by taxes on cars
That is why they have no 'bearings' but are floating in a magnetic field.
You are a prime example why a capacity factors are a complete pointless metric.
So I will fix a bit for you: ... yadda you get it?
90% for nuclear^H^H^H^H^H^H^H base load plants, regardless if nuclear, coal, lignite, water, gas
60% for coal^H^H^H^H for load following plants, regardless if nuckear, coal, lignite, water, gas
40% for gas^H^H^H and hydro ^H^H^H^H, peaker plants/load balancing plants/reserve energy plants, regardless of
Off shore wind plants in germany often have a CF above 100%, because often enough the wind is so high that they produce 4 times the power of their rated capacity ... so goes your CF and what you actually can measure with it: out of the window.
Solar plants could be tracking ... you know? So: they have a 100% CF from sunrise till sunset, minus the energy cost of the tracking system. Of course they produce no power at night. So ... on winter and summer solistice they had an CF of 50% unless: there is no sun (cloudy). In summer the days would be longer, and in winter shorter, that evens each other out. So the only question is: how many sun hours do you have per year?
No one is so idiotic to use a CF to estimate how 'cool' his PV installation is. People use 'insulation' at your 'location', converting that into a CF is completely pointless: unless you want to brag on /. with your inferiour knowledge about power plants.
Hint: there are three kinds of hydro plants: pumped storage, flow water (rivers) and dams. All of them have nealry 100% CF, no idea where you got you stupid number from.
A pumped storrage pant will continiously either pump up, or let water downhill to balance the grid. It is basically always on high power tthroughput, either in one direction or the other.
A flow water plant in a river, will always constantly run on 100%, untill there is a summer with low water.
A dam plant will always be either used as base load plant (and run around 100%) or support the ramp up time of the day, so it is load following plant.
No idea what you wanted to calculate anyway :)
The CF of a plant is determined by WHAT you do with the plant, not on what technology it is based.
PV cells do not capture thermal energy. ...
So I have a hard problem understanding your random percentages you throw at us
Actually I would not know how to increase my power usage.
Except for getting lazy and not switching off the lights in rooms I leave.
We have no winters in Germany anymore anyway. ... another week later. Does it snow? Sometimes. The last 30 years I perhaps had to clean the pavement 10 times. ... since decades. ... snow up to a meter. The army was sent out to clear streets in the 1970s (with tanks!!). Several years in a row! ... I had school free for weeks because the ferry to my school did not go/could not go.
If there is frost, it is for a week
Average winter temperature, even at night, is significantly above freezing point
As a child we had -30 degrees C
We had absurd high water marks (floodings) in spring, ships could not travel for months
Actually you could not even reach it as most of the road to the ferry was a dam: closed for cars because of fear of damage to the dam.
Now we rarely have a high water, because there is not enough snow in the mountains to cause it in spring.
The days with highest *percentage* of solar contribution are actually winter holidays with clear skies, like 1st of January. Of course the reason is: it is a holiday, peak demand is only 60% of a work day. But it looks amazing when you see around 12:00, 50% of your power comes from solar alone.
And thus, installed solar capacity can't be counted on to be there at any particular point in time and requires fossil fuel capacity as a backup.
Or you do what others do: you have a back up solar plant. Wow that was so simple again.
When was the last time that whole Africa was under clouds? Or whole USA?
Depends where you life.
In europe household battery storages are more and more connected into so called 'virtual power plants'.
They are used for balancing power snd reserve power.
That earns the owners money.
Going disconnected would make them lose that money.
In other words in the center of a city it makes no sense to go disconnected.
In a hut in a forrest up the mountains, perhaps it does.
The warranty is to the item, regardless who owns it.
If that is differnet in you country, you have a fucked up law system.
Western population growth already has stopped long long ago.
Nothing to fix if you have no clue at all.
We already have that.
It is called 'flow batteries'.
Most solar panels have a WARRANTY of 30 years or more.
No idea why people here on /. are so eager to spread that 20 or 25 year myth.
The largely overpopulated areas will be the same like today: ... feel free to add your selection.
Beijing, Mexico City, Tokyo, Sao Paulo, Los Angeles, New Dheli
Population growth on the planet will probbaly stop in 30 - 50 years, so no worries there.
Energy will never be free. The production might be close to free, perhaps you pay 1cent per kWh, however transport, gridstability, balancing power, reserve power, and simple things as metering snd billing: will always have significant costs.
So when we are close to free energy, the prices will drop by half, but not go doown to 1cent or less.
After Skype it is probably the second worst chat client.
To join a second chat group, you need new credentials, a new account.
However the credentials (user name + password) can be the same, wow, that makes so much sense.
The parent was talking about HEAT.
Birds don't get fried because overland lines are not hot!
That the difference in voltage on 1million volts line is not enough over 3cm or 5 cm to cause pain to the birds is a no brainer.
There are no technical or electrical or external reasons a underground cable can fail.
Geological, yes. An earthquake ripping the cable apart.
Sorry: a cable is a cable is a cable. As long as it is there, it conducts current. How exactly do you want to prevent it from doing that?
All failable infrastructure is above the surface, regardless if the cable is below ground or hanging on poles.
My Karma is beyond maximum since decades.
I got mod bombed 3 times (I believe, probably only 2 times) and it took those guys half a year to drag me down that I lost my +1 bonus while posting. No idea about the implementation details.
I filed a report, of course, and my Karma got restored and the culprits perma lost mod rights.