I think AMD will do OK. Once Dell and the like get used to using CPUs from multiple sources they will probably survive. And a small company like AMD probably has an edge in terms of shorter design cycles and the ability to pick niches. AMD64 was a brilliant hack in retrospect that gave people most of the features of Itanium they wanted (64 bit, more registers) and none that they didn't (and expensive single source CPU with crap integer performance). Meanwhile Intel got hopeless bogged down trying to sell people Itaniums that they didn't want.
AMD and they have other clever stuff in the pipeline. E.g.
Vista 32 has a ceiling of 4GB. On most PC's the IO space is around 512MB - for the graphics card and so on. PCI and PCI express memory needs to be naturally aligned too, so a 256MB graphics card needs to be on a 256MB boundary. Since the Rom uses the very top of the address space you could well end up with a 512MB IO hole.
Most motherboards can remap the memory hidden by the IO space above 4GB, and Windows does support PAE which allows DMA to and from there. But there are lots of broken chipsets, devices and drivers and Microsoft decided not to use memory above 4GB on 32 bit OSs. That applies to Vista32 and XP SP2 in 32 bit mode. 64 bit drivers always use PAE of course. Basically if you want support for addresses above 4GB on Windows, you need a 64 bit OS.
I was considering making a Ramdisk driver actually, and using a AWE like scheme to map memory above 4GB into some pages below 4GB. Then I could memcpy to and from them. Problem is, what can you do with a 512MB Ram disk? Maybe it could be used for ReadyBoost and so on, but I'm not sure how to do TLB shootdown on a multiprocessor system which would be needed to make it reliable.
They weren't even used in the Arab world until modern times -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Hindu-Arabic_numeral_system
In the Arab world - until modern times - the Arabic numeral system was used only by mathematicians. Muslim scientists used the Babylonian numeral system, and merchants used the Abjad numerals. It was not until Fibonacci that the Arabic numeral system was used by a large population.
bin Laden: Achmed, is it hot in here? Achmed: No hotter than usual, my Sheikh. bin Laden: Pass me water! Achmed: [passes glass] bin Laden: No! Bring me the bucket! [Grabs it an empties if over himself, runs outside and explodes]
A surprising percentage of people that post stuff like this are American often born in Democrat stronghold like California. I would say a "blue state", but the phrase annoys me. I wish Americans would use standard terminology. Here is a quick primer
Rest of the world.
"Red" - Socialist or at least left of centre, after the colours of the Communist party. The UK Labour party often uses red themed logos, as do most left wing parties in Europe, Canada and Asia. The opposite of the "Blue block" "Blue" - Liberal. "Liberal" - a believer in free markets, free elections and minimal government. Margaret Thatcher called herself a liberal.
Americans have a tiresome habit of using all of these not just incorrectly but meaning the exact opposite what they mean in the rest of the world.
America
"Red" - The Republicans. Originally economic liberals, they now believe that the US governments' remit extends to bringing democracy to the middle east. It's hard to see that Milton Friedman would have supported this. Fiscally grossly irresponsible and with a annoying tendency to preach on social issues, like the Labour party in the 1970's. "Blue" - The Democrats. Heavy support from the unions. Activists often rant on the Internet about how the Republicans are worse than Hitler which is just plain silly, but quite competent the last time they were in government. "Liberal" - quasi socialist policies allegedly favoured by the Democrats.
Mao worship has many of the characteristics of an intolerant monotheistic religion. Many more ironically enough than some varieties of Buddhism which have the koan "The higher Buddha is not Buddha".
If you believe Dawkins then the most common religions have rules that help them propagate. Essentially they are diseases of the mind.
Though most of the rules are about allowing people inside the religion off common sense morality. E.g. as an atheist I'd would consider raiding a peaceful nextdoor tribe for slaves and gold to be morally wrong. But the Quran and the Old Testament are full of the 'good guys' doing just that. What's really is sad is that when people question the morality of it, the religious leaders explain that God wills it. In Latin 'Deus vult' is how the Pope launched the crusades, which were theoretically about liberating lands invaded by the Muslims. In practice the crusaders at least once attacked lightly defended Christian cities when the Muslim ones proved too tough a target. None of this really bothered them of course, since the Pope had given them a pardon for any sins they committed. Some believed they would go to paradise if they died fighting.
Actually, the more you read about the crusades, the more they remind you of the more noxious versions of Islam, where pretty much any atrocity is allowed in Jihad and you go to paradise when you die.
Why is this evil? You want to put a video on the web. Doing that costs money. You may or may not need to pay for content, but bandwidth is never free.
So you have three options if you're doing it as a business
1) Charge for the users to watch it. 2) Charge the advertisers. 3) Cross subsidise the bandwidth from something else.
If the adverts were done well I'd have no problem with 2). In practice there's no way I'm going to pay upfront to watch a video on the web, and no way for anyone to bill me afterwards. 3) is presumably the YouTube model, but it's hard to see how they can make a profit when the thing they are famous for gobbles up money. It seems like finding a way to do 2) without annoying the users opens up something akin to free to air broadcast TV that is still profitable. If it were really profitable you could imagine buying up the back catalogues of documentaries and showing them free on demand. Which would be an enormously good, a legal Stage6. Incidentally Stage6 was shutdown because it failed at 3).
But if you don't like it, don't watch. It's a free market after all. If they annoy too many people by doing it, the business model will become less common.
At an attorney employed by the RIAA I prefer the term Piracy since draconian punishments are still on the books for Piracy in some juridstrictions. Roman law specified crucifixion. Modern European state claims to be a lawful successors and the law has never been explicitly repealed. Similarly the British Empire specified hanging before a jeering mob. Since neither America nor some other successor states ever explicitly repealed the law we regard it as still in force.
God save the Queen or SPQR as appropriate depending on your locale.
You can see the XOR sprites he mentions too. XOR sprites are drawn or erased by the same operation, which makes them faster than masking and repainting. So long as you draw and erase in the opposite order it all works out. The downside is a nasty glitch when two sprites clash or they cross something on the background. Which you can actually see in the video.
All of which reminds me of a demo I once saw. There was an Atari with a Prestel cartridge. Prestel used the Teletext graphics standard, 40*24 text in 8 colors - all the combinations of R G B, freely choosable for background and foreground. The Atari was displaying what looked like Mode 0 text, 40x24. But that was normally only two color. Here they had 8 colors but it was a bit flickery, though better than you would get by interlacing mode 0 text with a graphics mode. Never did figure out how they did it. The lead to the TV came out of the back of the Atari, so they didn't have extra hardware. Clearly they were doing something very clever on the fly to get the colorization though, like abusing the hardware sprites. But there were only 5 hardware sprites in one colour each. I never did figure out how it could have worked.
Every group has a set of opinions. People who agree with those opinions outside the group will try to join it, and people that disagree with them inside will tend to leave. It's more blatant in some places than others, but the effect is always present.
Because we all know that the most effective way to be informed is by only talking with and listening to people you already agree with. Mod parent down - "-1, Inconvenient Truth";-)
If all you care about is stability, just use a generic driver that uses the VESA Bios to set up a linear frame buffer and then does nothing. Both Windows and Linux allow this.
TATP is super delicate but PETN can be made into plastic explosives. From what I read he or other amateur made the TATP at home and bought the plasticised PETN probably somewhere in Eastern Europe. But TATP would be either too unstable to survive being stomped on, or inactive because he got the chemistry wrong. I read some other site that explained exactly what he might have done wrong, but I'm not going to link to it.
In terms of countermeasures against this thing, these days it's trivial to get Eastern European explosives manufacturers to add markers to their explosives to make them easy to detect as they pass through airports and tip off intelligence agencies when people buy them. The Czech manufacturers of Semtex apparently offered to do this back in the 1990's. And you could make some of the compounds that are needed to make TATP notifiable in the UK so that shops will tip off the police when people buy them. If I were the UK government, I'd do both.
Can't you get disposable companies in America? In the UK you can buy a company for a hundred US dollars or so. If someone sues you and wins you can just just bankrupt it. The directors at the time can't serve as directors of another company, but that is not really an issue for most people. They have limited liability against lawsuits though, not more than their initial investment.
In the UK you could easily set up a Xenu, Ltd and make sure that it is the target of any lawsuits. I'm not sure but I think Private Eye magazine may have used this as a way to be able to minimize the damage from being sued for libel.
The other cool thing you can do is to make sure that information that Scientology doesn't want into the public domain is read into legal documents which are publically accessible. The AACS scored a spectacular own goal by including a URL that contained the 09 F9 key in a DMCA takedown notice that was supposed to stop people spreading that key
If you got all this stuff absolutely right, they'd know that sueing you would be counterproductive and not do it, just like the AACS eventually stopped going after people who spread the 09 F9 key.
BTW, ever notice that we never hear one word about how effective Reid's shoe bomb would have been had he successfully lit the fuse?... I think its because Reid's shoes would not have done more than give him blisters even if he had been able to light them up. From what I've read he had quite powerful explosives - enough to blow a hole in the plane - but he didn't properly research how to detonate them. I.e. he was an idiot. But an idiot with powerful explosives who is prepared to die is still not the sort of person you want next to you on the plane. Sooner or later one of them will learn to use Google or just plain get lucky and then they will kill a plane full of people.
Now I'm the sort of person that gets highly annoyed when my flight is delayed, so being sucked out of disintegrating plane at twenty thousand feet and getting freeze dried, lacerated, bruised, suffocated and final smashed to jelly on impact with the hard ground is not something I'm willing to put up with when I fly. I dare say I'm willing to go through security checks and get my laptop battered if that is the price for stopping nutters on board with plastic explosives.
But I dunno, maybe there is a gap in the market for a Libertarian airline for people who feel differently about this. That way people who don't mind the small risk of dying spectacularly could spend less time going through security. They could fly to special airports too, constructed out of tough and easy to clean stressed concrete with narrow, zig zag blast deflecting corridors modelled on World War 1 trenches. That way if some idiot fails to read the handling instructions for home made explosives and detonates before they managed to sprint to the aircraft and their one way trip to virginville they don't slow boarding by much. On board the passengers could sit in silence, watching out for signs of suspicious activity in their neighbours and plan ways to incapacitate them with whatever anti terrorist material they brought on board should fiddle suspiciously with anything that could conceivably contain explosives.
Incidentally, looking at this article, his prison cell is actually slightly bigger than many of the hotels I've spent several months in. Life is seriously unfair.
Or we could just focus on improving the efficiency of solar and wind power generation. And lowering the power consumption of the everyday devices we use. Oh but I forgot, reducing the amount of power we use doesn't make anyone money. Reducing power consumption does save people money though. As fossil fuels run out the average price should rise and people will spend more time on minimizing their power usage. Also alternative fuels will become more competitive and thus attract investment. All that comes free with capitalism. If you have a democracy too, people will vote for governments that make laws to reduce polution when it becomes a problem - look at the improvement in UK air quality since the Clean Air Act. So don't worry too much - the system is intelligent enough be sustainable or better.
At least the Germans apologize repeatedly at every opportunity <Unreal Tournament announcer's voice> G-G-G-GODWIN!!!! YOU HAVE WON THE GAME! </Unreal Tournament announcer's voice>
Very true. I read that Li Peng, the guy that sent tanks into Tiananmen Square was an engineer. In fact most of his colleagues were too -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Peng#Rise_to_power
Like other Communist Party cadres of the third generation, Li gained a technical background. In 1941 he began studying at the Institute of Natural Science (the former Beijing Institute of Technology) in Yan'an. In 1948, he was sent to study at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, majoring in hydroelectric engineering.
Israel is a democracy and they can decide what annual migration quota they want. If they decide the quota from countries which are still at war with them or which have a state owned media that pumps out antisemitic propaganda is zero, that's fine with me. The Arabs almost unanimously took a foreign policy gamble that they could drive Israel into the sea 1948 and they lost, and now they have to live with the consequences of that.
Not to say Israel is perfect by any means. I don't really agree with Zionism as an ideology or any of the Abrahamic religions as a basis for morality. But all that's in the past. If I were in charge of Israeli foreign policy now given my opponents I'd be a lot more ruthless than they actually are - look what the UK did to Nazi Germany as an example. So it's annoying that so called progressives seem to think that Israel is the villain and a bunch of Arab national socialist dictatorships are in the victims.
The psychology is wrong though. If a country is under attack I suspect people are much less likely to leave. Certainly it has worked that way in England in the past. I think humans are a deeply tribal species but in peacetime we can ignore this. Once your tribe is under attack though you become stubborn and bloody minded because you want the people attacking you to fail.
Slashdot Mirror
AMD and they have other clever stuff in the pipeline. E.g.
http://www.tech.co.uk/computing/upgrades-and-peripherals/motherboards-and-processors/news/amd-plots-16-core-super-cpu-for-2009?articleid=1754617439 What's more, with that longer instruction pipeline in mind, it will be interesting to see how Bulldozer pulls off improved single-threaded performance. Rumours are currently circulating that Bulldozer may be capable of thread-fusing or using multiple cores to compute a single thread. Thread fusing is one of the holy grails of PC processing. If Bulldozer is indeed capable of such a feat, the future could be very bright indeed for AMD.
Try going to Bangalore some time, and see how confident that will be true in 5 years time.
Vista 32 has a ceiling of 4GB. On most PC's the IO space is around 512MB - for the graphics card and so on. PCI and PCI express memory needs to be naturally aligned too, so a 256MB graphics card needs to be on a 256MB boundary. Since the Rom uses the very top of the address space you could well end up with a 512MB IO hole.
Most motherboards can remap the memory hidden by the IO space above 4GB, and Windows does support PAE which allows DMA to and from there. But there are lots of broken chipsets, devices and drivers and Microsoft decided not to use memory above 4GB on 32 bit OSs. That applies to Vista32 and XP SP2 in 32 bit mode. 64 bit drivers always use PAE of course. Basically if you want support for addresses above 4GB on Windows, you need a 64 bit OS.
I was considering making a Ramdisk driver actually, and using a AWE like scheme to map memory above 4GB into some pages below 4GB. Then I could memcpy to and from them. Problem is, what can you do with a 512MB Ram disk? Maybe it could be used for ReadyBoost and so on, but I'm not sure how to do TLB shootdown on a multiprocessor system which would be needed to make it reliable.
They weren't even used in the Arab world until modern times -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Hindu-Arabic_numeral_system In the Arab world - until modern times - the Arabic numeral system was used only by mathematicians. Muslim scientists used the Babylonian numeral system, and merchants used the Abjad numerals. It was not until Fibonacci that the Arabic numeral system was used by a large population.
bin Laden: Achmed, is it hot in here?
Achmed: No hotter than usual, my Sheikh.
bin Laden: Pass me water!
Achmed: [passes glass]
bin Laden: No! Bring me the bucket! [Grabs it an empties if over himself, runs outside and explodes]
A surprising percentage of people that post stuff like this are American often born in Democrat stronghold like California. I would say a "blue state", but the phrase annoys me. I wish Americans would use standard terminology. Here is a quick primer
Rest of the world.
"Red" - Socialist or at least left of centre, after the colours of the Communist party. The UK Labour party often uses red themed logos, as do most left wing parties in Europe, Canada and Asia. The opposite of the "Blue block"
"Blue" - Liberal.
"Liberal" - a believer in free markets, free elections and minimal government. Margaret Thatcher called herself a liberal.
Americans have a tiresome habit of using all of these not just incorrectly but meaning the exact opposite what they mean in the rest of the world.
America
"Red" - The Republicans. Originally economic liberals, they now believe that the US governments' remit extends to bringing democracy to the middle east. It's hard to see that Milton Friedman would have supported this. Fiscally grossly irresponsible and with a annoying tendency to preach on social issues, like the Labour party in the 1970's.
"Blue" - The Democrats. Heavy support from the unions. Activists often rant on the Internet about how the Republicans are worse than Hitler which is just plain silly, but quite competent the last time they were in government.
"Liberal" - quasi socialist policies allegedly favoured by the Democrats.
Yeah, that's why they like receiving all the p3n1s enh@nc3m3nt emails.
Mao worship has many of the characteristics of an intolerant monotheistic religion. Many more ironically enough than some varieties of Buddhism which have the koan "The higher Buddha is not Buddha".
If you believe Dawkins then the most common religions have rules that help them propagate. Essentially they are diseases of the mind.
Though most of the rules are about allowing people inside the religion off common sense morality. E.g. as an atheist I'd would consider raiding a peaceful nextdoor tribe for slaves and gold to be morally wrong. But the Quran and the Old Testament are full of the 'good guys' doing just that. What's really is sad is that when people question the morality of it, the religious leaders explain that God wills it. In Latin 'Deus vult' is how the Pope launched the crusades, which were theoretically about liberating lands invaded by the Muslims. In practice the crusaders at least once attacked lightly defended Christian cities when the Muslim ones proved too tough a target. None of this really bothered them of course, since the Pope had given them a pardon for any sins they committed. Some believed they would go to paradise if they died fighting.
Actually, the more you read about the crusades, the more they remind you of the more noxious versions of Islam, where pretty much any atrocity is allowed in Jihad and you go to paradise when you die.
Why is this evil? You want to put a video on the web. Doing that costs money. You may or may not need to pay for content, but bandwidth is never free.
So you have three options if you're doing it as a business
1) Charge for the users to watch it.
2) Charge the advertisers.
3) Cross subsidise the bandwidth from something else.
If the adverts were done well I'd have no problem with 2). In practice there's no way I'm going to pay upfront to watch a video on the web, and no way for anyone to bill me afterwards. 3) is presumably the YouTube model, but it's hard to see how they can make a profit when the thing they are famous for gobbles up money. It seems like finding a way to do 2) without annoying the users opens up something akin to free to air broadcast TV that is still profitable. If it were really profitable you could imagine buying up the back catalogues of documentaries and showing them free on demand. Which would be an enormously good, a legal Stage6. Incidentally Stage6 was shutdown because it failed at 3).
But if you don't like it, don't watch. It's a free market after all. If they annoy too many people by doing it, the business model will become less common.
At an attorney employed by the RIAA I prefer the term Piracy since draconian punishments are still on the books for Piracy in some juridstrictions. Roman law specified crucifixion. Modern European state claims to be a lawful successors and the law has never been explicitly repealed. Similarly the British Empire specified hanging before a jeering mob. Since neither America nor some other successor states ever explicitly repealed the law we regard it as still in force.
God save the Queen or SPQR as appropriate depending on your locale.
Actually Donkey Kong is quite an impressive piece of code
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWYikZAnuYE
You can see the XOR sprites he mentions too. XOR sprites are drawn or erased by the same operation, which makes them faster than masking and repainting. So long as you draw and erase in the opposite order it all works out. The downside is a nasty glitch when two sprites clash or they cross something on the background. Which you can actually see in the video.
All of which reminds me of a demo I once saw. There was an Atari with a Prestel cartridge. Prestel used the Teletext graphics standard, 40*24 text in 8 colors - all the combinations of R G B, freely choosable for background and foreground. The Atari was displaying what looked like Mode 0 text, 40x24. But that was normally only two color. Here they had 8 colors but it was a bit flickery, though better than you would get by interlacing mode 0 text with a graphics mode. Never did figure out how they did it. The lead to the TV came out of the back of the Atari, so they didn't have extra hardware. Clearly they were doing something very clever on the fly to get the colorization though, like abusing the hardware sprites. But there were only 5 hardware sprites in one colour each. I never did figure out how it could have worked.
Every group has a set of opinions. People who agree with those opinions outside the group will try to join it, and people that disagree with them inside will tend to leave. It's more blatant in some places than others, but the effect is always present.
Ooh, let me guess! Did you work for Intel back when AMD64 came out?
If all you care about is stability, just use a generic driver that uses the VESA Bios to set up a linear frame buffer and then does nothing. Both Windows and Linux allow this.
TATP is super delicate but PETN can be made into plastic explosives. From what I read he or other amateur made the TATP at home and bought the plasticised PETN probably somewhere in Eastern Europe. But TATP would be either too unstable to survive being stomped on, or inactive because he got the chemistry wrong. I read some other site that explained exactly what he might have done wrong, but I'm not going to link to it.
In terms of countermeasures against this thing, these days it's trivial to get Eastern European explosives manufacturers to add markers to their explosives to make them easy to detect as they pass through airports and tip off intelligence agencies when people buy them. The Czech manufacturers of Semtex apparently offered to do this back in the 1990's. And you could make some of the compounds that are needed to make TATP notifiable in the UK so that shops will tip off the police when people buy them. If I were the UK government, I'd do both.
Can't you get disposable companies in America? In the UK you can buy a company for a hundred US dollars or so. If someone sues you and wins you can just just bankrupt it. The directors at the time can't serve as directors of another company, but that is not really an issue for most people. They have limited liability against lawsuits though, not more than their initial investment.
In the UK you could easily set up a Xenu, Ltd and make sure that it is the target of any lawsuits. I'm not sure but I think Private Eye magazine may have used this as a way to be able to minimize the damage from being sued for libel.
The other cool thing you can do is to make sure that information that Scientology doesn't want into the public domain is read into legal documents which are publically accessible. The AACS scored a spectacular own goal by including a URL that contained the 09 F9 key in a DMCA takedown notice that was supposed to stop people spreading that key
http://www.chillingeffects.org/anticircumvention/notice.cgi?NoticeID=7180
If you got all this stuff absolutely right, they'd know that sueing you would be counterproductive and not do it, just like the AACS eventually stopped going after people who spread the 09 F9 key.
The Hon Ed Lollington has ruled masks legal.
Scientology vs various John Does, Jane "Gasmask" Doe, Xenu, LisaMcPhersonWasMurdered, TravoltaIsGay, John Desu, Desu Desu, Desu Desu Desu Desu Desu et al, proceedings of the Internet Court 2008.
I think its because Reid's shoes would not have done more than give him blisters even if he had been able to light them up. From what I've read he had quite powerful explosives - enough to blow a hole in the plane - but he didn't properly research how to detonate them. I.e. he was an idiot. But an idiot with powerful explosives who is prepared to die is still not the sort of person you want next to you on the plane. Sooner or later one of them will learn to use Google or just plain get lucky and then they will kill a plane full of people.
Now I'm the sort of person that gets highly annoyed when my flight is delayed, so being sucked out of disintegrating plane at twenty thousand feet and getting freeze dried, lacerated, bruised, suffocated and final smashed to jelly on impact with the hard ground is not something I'm willing to put up with when I fly. I dare say I'm willing to go through security checks and get my laptop battered if that is the price for stopping nutters on board with plastic explosives.
But I dunno, maybe there is a gap in the market for a Libertarian airline for people who feel differently about this. That way people who don't mind the small risk of dying spectacularly could spend less time going through security. They could fly to special airports too, constructed out of tough and easy to clean stressed concrete with narrow, zig zag blast deflecting corridors modelled on World War 1 trenches. That way if some idiot fails to read the handling instructions for home made explosives and detonates before they managed to sprint to the aircraft and their one way trip to virginville they don't slow boarding by much. On board the passengers could sit in silence, watching out for signs of suspicious activity in their neighbours and plan ways to incapacitate them with whatever anti terrorist material they brought on board should fiddle suspiciously with anything that could conceivably contain explosives.
Incidentally, looking at this article, his prison cell is actually slightly bigger than many of the hotels I've spent several months in. Life is seriously unfair.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/12/03/nreid03.xml
G-G-G-GODWIN!!!! YOU HAVE WON THE GAME!
</Unreal Tournament announcer's voice>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Peng#Rise_to_power Like other Communist Party cadres of the third generation, Li gained a technical background. In 1941 he began studying at the Institute of Natural Science (the former Beijing Institute of Technology) in Yan'an. In 1948, he was sent to study at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, majoring in hydroelectric engineering.
Israel is a democracy and they can decide what annual migration quota they want. If they decide the quota from countries which are still at war with them or which have a state owned media that pumps out antisemitic propaganda is zero, that's fine with me. The Arabs almost unanimously took a foreign policy gamble that they could drive Israel into the sea 1948 and they lost, and now they have to live with the consequences of that.
Not to say Israel is perfect by any means. I don't really agree with Zionism as an ideology or any of the Abrahamic religions as a basis for morality. But all that's in the past. If I were in charge of Israeli foreign policy now given my opponents I'd be a lot more ruthless than they actually are - look what the UK did to Nazi Germany as an example. So it's annoying that so called progressives seem to think that Israel is the villain and a bunch of Arab national socialist dictatorships are in the victims.
The psychology is wrong though. If a country is under attack I suspect people are much less likely to leave. Certainly it has worked that way in England in the past. I think humans are a deeply tribal species but in peacetime we can ignore this. Once your tribe is under attack though you become stubborn and bloody minded because you want the people attacking you to fail.