Momentum is a vector quantity, so you do have to worry about direction. The gained momentum doesn't have to be in the planet's current direction of motion, but you'll have to make the exchange such that the momenta of the spacecraft and planet change in opposite directions.
The relevant quantity here is really _angular_ momentum, since we're talking about orbits. Any spacecraft launched from Earth will start with the Earth's angular momentum resulting from its orbit around the Sun. So the angular momentum vector points out of the plane of the solar system. If you want to move the s/c out of that plane, you'll have to dump your angular momentum into some planetary body, and get some more with a vector in the ecliptic plane. To do that, you need to make a flyby at high inclination, as you suggest. There's a LOT of angular momentum to be changed here, so you want the biggest planet you can get hold of, i.e. Jupiter.
What happens to the silica? From my skimming of TFA, it appears that the experiment only involves the dissolution of the MgO component. There should still be gobs of MgSiO3 (or at the very least SiO2, if the MgSiO3 breaks down into its constituent oxides at the high pressures) hanging around down there.
Actually, you can get science out of making a crater. Deep Impact and LCROSS performed admirably. Of course it helped that we planned for those to impact.
Well, it might be straight towards the Earth, but by the time it gets here, the Earth will have moved. I'm sure that a vector along the asteroid's direction of motion points toward the Earth at some point in its orbit.
Yeah, techincally there's a different name for Earth sciences on each planet (or other celestial body), but in practice nobody uses them. It just sounds awkward and the scientific principles are the same on other planets. So you have "Martian Geoid" instead of "Areoid", "Mercurian Geology" instead of "Hermeticological", and "Lunar Geography" instead of "Selenography".
Not necessarily. Many academic departments have professorships named after various benefactors. For example, the C. C. Garvin Professor of Geochemistry, the William E. Hassinger, Jr. Senior Faculty Fellow in Physics, and the J. Q. Pompous Blowhard, Jr., III Professor of Pontification. (I only made up one of these.)
Just because you disagree with something doesn't make it unconstitutional. An amendment to the Constitution is itself part of the Constitution. By definition, the 16th amendment is constitutional and legal. If there's sufficient opposition to the 16th, it can be repealed in the same manner the 18th was. I don't foresee this actually happening, but that's the mechanism by which income tax may be rendered unconstitutional.
And now that Good Eats has ended, there is officially no reason to watch that channel any more. All they have now is "reality" shows, and all the actual cooking shows have moved to the Cooking channel. Didn't this happen to MTV 20 years ago?
Virtually all astrophysical or planetary research done in the US is reported in the media as having been performed by "NASA Scientists", regardless of who actually did the work. While NASA funds the majority of this work in the form of research grants, the actual scientists are often not Civil Servants or other NASA employees. Much of the time, the work is done by individual researchers at universities, private institutions, or federal laboratories. I don't know the breakdown of the fraction of space science done by NASA employees vs. others, and I'm far too lazy to look it up. But I have served on review panels for various NASA programs, and the vast majority of the grant proposals are not from NASA employees.
That would be Earth, as it is the only non-alien planet. If you mean "Which is the darkest planet in our Solar System", that would be Mercury with an albedo of around 0.1.
I might suggest that all politicians money, possessions, etc should be liquidated and put into the general budget when they take office, regardless of the economic situation at the time. That might result in a government that isn't entirely composed of the wealthy. But, I'm sure they'd find ways to squirrel it away in offshore accounts. (I know this isn't a reasonable solution, I'm really just ranting.)
The Pioneers and Voyagers didn't have to stop. Juno's going into orbit, and that's easier if it's not zipping along at breakneck speed. Going into orbit is always much more difficult than flying by.
In the actual Nature article, the authors mention that a test of their model would be to find evidence that material with a different composition accreted on the far side. They also say that evidence for accreted material should show up in the gravity measurements of the upcoming GRAIL mission. But these would be pretty subtle distinctions.
In the US, I believe a "bedroom" must also have an alternate escape route (e.g., in case of fire) besides the main entrance, such as a window that opens and is large enough to crawl through. This may vary by state.
Yes. Yes, we have. Orbited an asteroid, that is, not the nuking bit. And we'll do it again next month. Of course, these are much, much bigger hunks of rock.
That's right. Forsterite forms green crystals, but I'm sure that's not what was actually seen. It's really only possible to detect the spectroscopic signature at any distance. We're probably actually seeing single Mg2SiO4 molecules, not the larger crystals we get on Earth. They certainly have to be microscopic or they'd just block the light rather than produce an absorption spectrum. Even if you were right next to them, I bet you wouldn't see green crystals. Possibly the article says as much; I confess I did not read it.
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Momentum is a vector quantity, so you do have to worry about direction. The gained momentum doesn't have to be in the planet's current direction of motion, but you'll have to make the exchange such that the momenta of the spacecraft and planet change in opposite directions.
The relevant quantity here is really _angular_ momentum, since we're talking about orbits. Any spacecraft launched from Earth will start with the Earth's angular momentum resulting from its orbit around the Sun. So the angular momentum vector points out of the plane of the solar system. If you want to move the s/c out of that plane, you'll have to dump your angular momentum into some planetary body, and get some more with a vector in the ecliptic plane. To do that, you need to make a flyby at high inclination, as you suggest. There's a LOT of angular momentum to be changed here, so you want the biggest planet you can get hold of, i.e. Jupiter.
What happens to the silica? From my skimming of TFA, it appears that the experiment only involves the dissolution of the MgO component. There should still be gobs of MgSiO3 (or at the very least SiO2, if the MgSiO3 breaks down into its constituent oxides at the high pressures) hanging around down there.
That _is_ usually the case around here.
Actually, you can get science out of making a crater. Deep Impact and LCROSS performed admirably. Of course it helped that we planned for those to impact.
Well, it might be straight towards the Earth, but by the time it gets here, the Earth will have moved. I'm sure that a vector along the asteroid's direction of motion points toward the Earth at some point in its orbit.
Ask, and ye shall receive. The Titan Mare Explorer is one of the finalists for the next Discovery mission.
Yeah, techincally there's a different name for Earth sciences on each planet (or other celestial body), but in practice nobody uses them. It just sounds awkward and the scientific principles are the same on other planets. So you have "Martian Geoid" instead of "Areoid", "Mercurian Geology" instead of "Hermeticological", and "Lunar Geography" instead of "Selenography".
Not necessarily. Many academic departments have professorships named after various benefactors. For example, the C. C. Garvin Professor of Geochemistry, the William E. Hassinger, Jr. Senior Faculty Fellow in Physics, and the J. Q. Pompous Blowhard, Jr., III Professor of Pontification. (I only made up one of these.)
Just because you disagree with something doesn't make it unconstitutional. An amendment to the Constitution is itself part of the Constitution. By definition, the 16th amendment is constitutional and legal. If there's sufficient opposition to the 16th, it can be repealed in the same manner the 18th was. I don't foresee this actually happening, but that's the mechanism by which income tax may be rendered unconstitutional.
And now that Good Eats has ended, there is officially no reason to watch that channel any more. All they have now is "reality" shows, and all the actual cooking shows have moved to the Cooking channel. Didn't this happen to MTV 20 years ago?
I just went ahead and deleted everything beforehand. Nothing to back up and no possibility of data loss due to the storm!
Virtually all astrophysical or planetary research done in the US is reported in the media as having been performed by "NASA Scientists", regardless of who actually did the work. While NASA funds the majority of this work in the form of research grants, the actual scientists are often not Civil Servants or other NASA employees. Much of the time, the work is done by individual researchers at universities, private institutions, or federal laboratories. I don't know the breakdown of the fraction of space science done by NASA employees vs. others, and I'm far too lazy to look it up. But I have served on review panels for various NASA programs, and the vast majority of the grant proposals are not from NASA employees.
That would be Earth, as it is the only non-alien planet. If you mean "Which is the darkest planet in our Solar System", that would be Mercury with an albedo of around 0.1.
So, PC's will be obsolete in about a week?
I might suggest that all politicians money, possessions, etc should be liquidated and put into the general budget when they take office, regardless of the economic situation at the time. That might result in a government that isn't entirely composed of the wealthy. But, I'm sure they'd find ways to squirrel it away in offshore accounts. (I know this isn't a reasonable solution, I'm really just ranting.)
The Pioneers and Voyagers didn't have to stop. Juno's going into orbit, and that's easier if it's not zipping along at breakneck speed. Going into orbit is always much more difficult than flying by.
In the actual Nature article, the authors mention that a test of their model would be to find evidence that material with a different composition accreted on the far side. They also say that evidence for accreted material should show up in the gravity measurements of the upcoming GRAIL mission. But these would be pretty subtle distinctions.
Never any mod points when you need them.
"Gravitational cross-section", perhaps?
Thank you! This is the key point that somehow never gets discussed. And of course I never have mod points when I need them.
In the US, I believe a "bedroom" must also have an alternate escape route (e.g., in case of fire) besides the main entrance, such as a window that opens and is large enough to crawl through. This may vary by state.
Yes, it certainly is too bad that NASA doesn't do anything anymore.
(Sorry if I left out your favorite misson; there's just so many.)
Yes. Yes, we have. Orbited an asteroid, that is, not the nuking bit. And we'll do it again next month. Of course, these are much, much bigger hunks of rock.
That's right. Forsterite forms green crystals, but I'm sure that's not what was actually seen. It's really only possible to detect the spectroscopic signature at any distance. We're probably actually seeing single Mg2SiO4 molecules, not the larger crystals we get on Earth. They certainly have to be microscopic or they'd just block the light rather than produce an absorption spectrum. Even if you were right next to them, I bet you wouldn't see green crystals. Possibly the article says as much; I confess I did not read it.
Well, it's a good thing that harsh weather never interferes with the transmission of electricity, or this plan might have a serious problem.