I don't think that's what he saying. That is, users are not to blame. The decision makers are.
Let's say, as an IS professional, you explain to managment the need to restrict user accounts with Administrator rights, the need to implement an intrusion detection device, the need to eliminate spam, the need to make the network infrastructure fault tolerant, the need to update the antivirus client to something that can detect modern threats, and the need to educate users on how to operate their systems securely. Management denies budgeting these things on the basis that they are not necessary, and would you please increase maximum mailbox size again?
If the company is unwilling to do what is necessary to secure the environment, then as an IS professional you are largely helpless.
I never said it wasn't. I simply said that drivers run in kernel mode. Drivers, then, are a poor example of why WinNT is a hybrid. WinNT isn't a hybrid kernel because of drivers, even though it is a hybrid kernel.
"Hybrid" kernel? Sorry, I just don't buy this terminology (as Linus put it, it's purely marketing).
It is pointless to argue semantics. You can say a hybrid kernel is a monolothic kernel trying to be a microkernel, or you can say it is a microkernel trying to be monolithic. As long as you understand what is meant by the term, your agreement about the precise semantics of it is largely irrelevant. Particularly with it's relevance to this debate.
One of the biggest problems I continually have with technical people (whether that's computer techs or engineers) is that they tend to overemphasize the syntax and semantics of what people say. They tend to latch on to a specific phrase and then rip it apart rather than taking the meaning of the whole (which is the important part) and finding problems in the whole. Most particularly, they tend to find it incomprehensible that a single phrase might have multiple meanings.
Part if this is doubtlessly due to exposure to highly precise technical jargon, but it is inappropriate to apply strictness of meaning inherent to, say, Python, to everyday language. Even in a technical debate.
A hybrid kernel in simplest terms is a kernel is a combination of two discrete other types of kernels. Plain English tells you that. It makes no sense to try to wrestle with whether WinNT is a monolithic or microkernel. It's a semantic debate that serves only to label the object, and it doesn't describe it or aid in understanding it. If you say WinNT is a microkernel, you then have to ignore the non-essential code objviously running in kernel mode and that doesn't help understanding. If you say WinNT is a monolithic kernel, you have to ignore the userland processes that are really system services. Again, that's no aid to understanding.
Stop complaining about the language and forcing labels on things. Labeling is not understanding.
Drivers run in kernel mode. That why they're able to cause bluescreen errors. Only kernel mode errors (or hardware errors) cause blue screen errors.
For the curious: Architecture of the Windows NT operating system line. It's a lengthy read, but there are numerous microkernel and monlithic aspects of WinNT.
Wow, that is just the absolute pinnacle of FOSS FUD.
Who else but the designers of the hardware to produce drivers (open or otherwise)? They have access to hardware schematics, development plans, and the engineers who designed everything from the fabrication plants to the chips you're writing the drivers for. Do you honestly think you're a good enough programmer to fix a driver for hardware you have no knowledge of? I'm not a programmer hardly at all. It doesn't matter to me if it's open or closed. Either way, I can't fix anything.
Assuming that something won't work because it's closed source is as stupid as the closed source camp claiming FOSS is more susceptible to security vulnerabilities. It's absolute BS. And won't get any help from the vendor? I'd say I'm as likely to not get help from a vendor as it is likely that the FOSS community will label my bug Won't-Fix. God forbid I happen to get some rare bit of critical hardware for which the FOSS "community" consists of one guy who's a complete idiot.
Yes, I understand the FOSS model. Yes, I beleive it is superior. Yes, I believe it is the future. But avoiding closed software because of some nebulous bugaboo makes you seem like Chicken Little in a snowstorm.
Because it made money, of course! The rule is every movie that makes money get a sequel. You do that until you get a movie that doesn't make money, or until sequels become untenable. For many movies, one character is inherently tied to the movie. If that actor refuses to do a sequel, you're done.
If, on the other hand, you make a movie where the special effects are the movie, or -- like Batman or James Bond -- where the character transcends the actor, you can make movies indefinitely. That's what you call a franchise.
I am having difficulties seeing how BT can be used to any significant advantage.
It'a easy. The market they're trying to appeal to with this is the same market that is already downloading movies. It's the same reason they started selling movies on VHS. People were recording movies off TV onto VHS. That's your market, and they've already invested in your distribution technology. So they have zero cost to begin using your product. Or, with BT, you don't have to develop a new P2P protocol and then convince everyone to install and learn to use your client. You've already got 100% penetration of your client.
I think it's part of the document versioning/revisioning system you can do in a Word document, but that has to be enabled and configured to work. So it's not clear why it's saved. Undo would be nice, but Word doesn't save across sessions, AFAICT.
Most likly cause: multiple development groups. One develops the file format, one develops what is saved, one develops what is used from session to session.
Did Microsoft take the time to clarify exactly which features their Office suite offers that Open and Star offices don't?
Excessive amounts of metadata, probably.
Seriously, open up a Word document that you've worked on and modified several times. Select the whole document, copy it, paste it into a new document, and save it. The documents should largely be identical (you might've missed headers and footers or page margins). Now compare the fize sizes. The old document might be several megabytes. The new one is probably a few hundred K.
What's missing? Gobs and gobs of metadata about every keystroke, ever action, every cursor positioning.
Ever open up a Word document, scroll arounda nd read but make no changes, close it, and have Word ask to save changes? Metadata.
Oh a free market can function. It's just that the ultimate result of any absolutely free market is either one monopolistic super-corporation that quite literally owns everything, or a combination of two or more mega-corporations that ignore the people and their governments and wage wars -- possibly even military actions, eventually. There are many cyberpunk novels, movies, and settings where mega-corporations rule the Earth.
These corporations don't bother with the actual "governing" of the land. Cripes, you can't make any money doing that and it's a whle lot of work, to boot! So you just tell the governments what to do, let them handle the small problems, and you reap the profits. All the power of a dictatorship with none of the responsibility!
My PE classes were effort and performance based. But because it's stupid to keep you from getting into a college because you couldn't run an 8 minute mile, you tended to get an A if the teacher though you reached the best of your ability. You simply can't fail someone at PE, since it harms their academic record for something that's not academic. Most students got B+'s.
In any case, you're missing the biggest cost: The teacher. You cut PE, you save at least $30,000 for every teacher you no longer need. In an average-sized high school or middle school, I bet that's about $100,000 annually.
People don't understand how little money there is in their school systems. At my mother's school, last year several teachers sacrificed their prep hour in order to teach a sixth class. This earned them some extra pay, but still saved the district from hiring new teachers it could not afford. This year, they extended every school day by 15 minutes, which decreases the total number of days students need to be there by enough to save 3 teaching jobs. But high cost of energy thanks to this dawning oil crisis combined with continued failed tax increases at the voting booth mean those three jobs still have to be eliminated after this year. It's not just teachers who have this problem right now. The police department in the same city has to cut 5 to 10 officers due to lack of funds. This follows a cut of 4 officers two years ago. After they did that, the number of homicides annually went from 1-2 to *7*.
You can't pay teachers less than they do now. Nobody goes into teaching as it is. It's a 6 year degree that, in most states, earns you $24,000 to start. My mother has a Masters degree + 30 hours (that's enough to pursue a doctoral thesis) and teaches Special Ed students. She has over 25 years experience, and her annual salary is less than $55,000/year. My father, who has just a BS in Mechanical Engineering and hasn't set foot in a classroom in 30 years makes over double that.
Oh, and then No Child Left Behind! Such a great program! If nobody has told you, here's how it works. You know you have to pass standardized tests to get a state certified degree now, yes? Let's say the first year, 80% of your students pass the test. "Not good enough," says NCLB, "improve your numbers or we take away funding." The next year, you increase to 85%. "Excellent," says NCLB. The next year, you get 88%. "You're falling behind again," says NCLB. "Your previous improvement indicated you would have 100% passing in four years. You will begin to lose funding after that time if you don't have 100% passing."
Yes, you heard that right. NCLB requires that state standardized test scores improve linearly. If you're at 50% passing, you should be able to improve by 10% annually and in five years be at 100% passing! Whomever wrote this bill either never looked at a bell curve, or designed it to cause public schools to fail. The response from the most successful states in the NCLB program has been, unsurprisingly, to make the standardized tests much, much easier.
3. Also true. I know whole families who have no medical insurance because their employer doesn't provide it or they're farmers and can't afford it.
4. Hm, not true so much. American government is currently dominated by the interests of big businesses and specialist lobbys. Consequently, no matter how much the populace cares about the environment and how much they can't push any laws through. Increasing regulations will increase the costs associated with all manufacturing plants in the US, so nearly every business lobby doesn't want those laws even if the population does.
However, I've been all across the US and never found unpotable tap water. Nation wide tap water regulations are stricter than those for bottled water. If you have well water you might need a purifier, but that's no different here compared to anywhere else. But even then when you buy a place with well water they have to test it before you're allowed to use it.
5. P.E. is being eliminated in American schools because attempts to increase taxes are being blocked. Also, Bush took away a huge amount of state funding 6 years ago at the same time he instituted his inane "No Child Left Behind" program (which is just another excuse to take even more money away from public schools). Schools can no longer budget all their programs. So P.E. goes. Then probably Art. Then anything else that isn't on the stupid standardized tests. So you'll get farmers and mechanics who had 4 years of Math (including precalculus!) and no knowledge of Animal Husbandry or Small Engine Repair.
As far as what food is served: in moderation, hamburgers and pizza are healthy. In any case, diet is the responsibility of the parents as well as the school. If the school offers salad, soup, pizza, and chicken and your kid always gets pizza, the failure is not the school's.
Sure, whatever. I've already modified my buying habits. I don't spend anywhere near as much on stuff RIAA and MPAA own anymore. I also find I don't pirate, either. I just don't want what they offer anymore.
Consistently offending or disappointing your customer base drives customers elsewhere. Why do people run Linux when Microsoft has a 90% market share and a much larger software library? Why do people avoid going to WalMart? Bad consumer image.
Indeed. This is exactly why I no longer buy my food from "grocery stores". Instead, I just steal what I need to eat the food I find.
Quite obviously, anybody out to make money is only interested in taking my money, not in providing a service I might want to pay for. Exchange money for goods and services?! The very idea is laughable.
The most obvious example is the requirement of a search warrant. The executive branch must prove to the judicial branch that it has "probable cause" to suspend the civil rights of a citizen. Sure there are exceptions to that. Open fields, high-crime areas, stop-and-frisk, plain sight... but most of them simply use the lesser requirement of "reasonable suspicion".
Here's a story about a student at the university I went to: A student with a backpack goes into a campus 7-11 and buys a soda. He pays for it, leaves, and begins walking down the street. A police officer pulls up in a cruiser and stops the student. The officer asks for ID. The student says he hasn't got any (or he might have refused; I don't remember, but at the time it was legal to do that, I don't believe it still is). The officer takes the student's bag and searches it (he later says he suspected that the student bought alcohol illegally). He finds two marijuana cigarettes, and arrests the student.
In court, the student argues that the officer had no "reasonable suspicion" to search him, and violated his civil rights by doing so. He was not in a high-crime area of town (there is no such area at my University because the school is bigger than the town that it's in) and buying a soda, placing it in your backpack, and walking down the street is in no way a suspicious act. The judge agreed, and threw out the search and dismissed the case.
I've heard people say he got off on a "technicality". Bullshit. The state violated his civil right to privacy and broke a Constitutional Amendment. That's no technicality.
I don't think the SCOTUS is quite as powerful as a jury. While SCOTUS has the power to interpret laws and even rule them unconsititutional, the legislature and the states have the power to author new laws, including new constitutional amendments. Roe v Wade might have made abortion bans illegal, it doesn't prevent a new amendment explicitly banning them.
Of course, I expect that kind of legislated morality to work about as well as the temperance amendment did.
The point behind case law (precendent) is that it means your judgement as a judge is not biased (or is only as biased as the precedent). Equal protection under the law.
Then they go under to the first business that does it right. Same as CD-ROM software instead of floppies. Same as cassette instead of vinyl, CD instead of cassette. Same as DVD instead of VHS.
In 10 years, consumer demand for eminantly portable digital content will be so widespread (and so ingrained because today's youth grew up with mp3s) that companies will adapt or die. A failing business model will fail. That's what it does. The first company to break ranks with MPAA/RIAA will make oodles of money. In 20 years, we (our generations) will be the people in control of the MPAA and RIAA. At that time, they will remember with fond loathing how their companies acted in the first decade. They will change. It is already too late for them. Any legislation now will just make the changes later that much more painful.
All you have to do is, say, convince Cartoon Network or Sci-Fi to publish their TV shows (with commercials intact) through Azureus. Users provide most of the bandwidth, content is delivered in a manner that earns providers money, and Azureus takes a slice off the top.
And suddenly we won't see HBO suing for people downloading the latest Sopranos. We'll see HBO distributing episodes for $1-2 to anybody who wants on the private tracker. Or better yet, users simply subscribe to the HBO/Azureus service and can download any available content they want that month and view as they please. Keep the price reasonable and the only pirates you have to battle are the people who wouldn't pay for your service even if they couldn't decrypt your works.
Hmm...
cat constitution.txt | grep -i "privacy"
It would appear that particular aspect of the document is missing.
Didn't take a college government class, eh? Just because the word ain't there don't me the law ain't real.
The US legal system is based on Rule of Law with precedence. That means previous court rulings on laws are considered the correct interpretation of laws, or, in this case, can effectively establish laws. Even constitutional ones.
The right to privacy
The Constitution does not specifically mention a right to privacy. However, Supreme Court decisions over the years have established that the right to privacy is a basic human right, and as such is protected by virtue of the 9th Amendment. The right to privacy has come to the public's attention via several controversial Supreme Court rulings, including several dealing with contraception (the Griswold and Eisenstadt cases), interracial marriage (the Loving case), and abortion (the well-known Roe v Wade case). In addition, it is said that a right to privacy is inherent in many of the amendments in the Bill of Rights, such as the 3rd, the 4th's search and seizure limits, and the 5th's self-incrimination limit.
Slashdot Mirror
Let's say, as an IS professional, you explain to managment the need to restrict user accounts with Administrator rights, the need to implement an intrusion detection device, the need to eliminate spam, the need to make the network infrastructure fault tolerant, the need to update the antivirus client to something that can detect modern threats, and the need to educate users on how to operate their systems securely. Management denies budgeting these things on the basis that they are not necessary, and would you please increase maximum mailbox size again?
If the company is unwilling to do what is necessary to secure the environment, then as an IS professional you are largely helpless.
There's an assumtion that failure to understand is the fault of the messenger. It speaks towards a culture of arrogance and close-mindedness.
One of the biggest problems I continually have with technical people (whether that's computer techs or engineers) is that they tend to overemphasize the syntax and semantics of what people say. They tend to latch on to a specific phrase and then rip it apart rather than taking the meaning of the whole (which is the important part) and finding problems in the whole. Most particularly, they tend to find it incomprehensible that a single phrase might have multiple meanings.
Part if this is doubtlessly due to exposure to highly precise technical jargon, but it is inappropriate to apply strictness of meaning inherent to, say, Python, to everyday language. Even in a technical debate.
A hybrid kernel in simplest terms is a kernel is a combination of two discrete other types of kernels. Plain English tells you that. It makes no sense to try to wrestle with whether WinNT is a monolithic or microkernel. It's a semantic debate that serves only to label the object, and it doesn't describe it or aid in understanding it. If you say WinNT is a microkernel, you then have to ignore the non-essential code objviously running in kernel mode and that doesn't help understanding. If you say WinNT is a monolithic kernel, you have to ignore the userland processes that are really system services. Again, that's no aid to understanding.
Stop complaining about the language and forcing labels on things. Labeling is not understanding.
Drivers run in kernel mode. That why they're able to cause bluescreen errors. Only kernel mode errors (or hardware errors) cause blue screen errors. For the curious: Architecture of the Windows NT operating system line. It's a lengthy read, but there are numerous microkernel and monlithic aspects of WinNT.
Who else but the designers of the hardware to produce drivers (open or otherwise)? They have access to hardware schematics, development plans, and the engineers who designed everything from the fabrication plants to the chips you're writing the drivers for. Do you honestly think you're a good enough programmer to fix a driver for hardware you have no knowledge of? I'm not a programmer hardly at all. It doesn't matter to me if it's open or closed. Either way, I can't fix anything.
Assuming that something won't work because it's closed source is as stupid as the closed source camp claiming FOSS is more susceptible to security vulnerabilities. It's absolute BS. And won't get any help from the vendor? I'd say I'm as likely to not get help from a vendor as it is likely that the FOSS community will label my bug Won't-Fix. God forbid I happen to get some rare bit of critical hardware for which the FOSS "community" consists of one guy who's a complete idiot.
Yes, I understand the FOSS model. Yes, I beleive it is superior. Yes, I believe it is the future. But avoiding closed software because of some nebulous bugaboo makes you seem like Chicken Little in a snowstorm.
If, on the other hand, you make a movie where the special effects are the movie, or -- like Batman or James Bond -- where the character transcends the actor, you can make movies indefinitely. That's what you call a franchise.
They normalized the timescale between both sexes.
Most likly cause: multiple development groups. One develops the file format, one develops what is saved, one develops what is used from session to session.
Seriously, open up a Word document that you've worked on and modified several times. Select the whole document, copy it, paste it into a new document, and save it. The documents should largely be identical (you might've missed headers and footers or page margins). Now compare the fize sizes. The old document might be several megabytes. The new one is probably a few hundred K.
What's missing? Gobs and gobs of metadata about every keystroke, ever action, every cursor positioning.
Ever open up a Word document, scroll arounda nd read but make no changes, close it, and have Word ask to save changes? Metadata.
It's Oracle's responsibility. They they can't do it now, they need to invest in their patch development so that they do.
These corporations don't bother with the actual "governing" of the land. Cripes, you can't make any money doing that and it's a whle lot of work, to boot! So you just tell the governments what to do, let them handle the small problems, and you reap the profits. All the power of a dictatorship with none of the responsibility!
No, taxes are based on gross income, not net profit.
In any case, you're missing the biggest cost: The teacher. You cut PE, you save at least $30,000 for every teacher you no longer need. In an average-sized high school or middle school, I bet that's about $100,000 annually.
People don't understand how little money there is in their school systems. At my mother's school, last year several teachers sacrificed their prep hour in order to teach a sixth class. This earned them some extra pay, but still saved the district from hiring new teachers it could not afford. This year, they extended every school day by 15 minutes, which decreases the total number of days students need to be there by enough to save 3 teaching jobs. But high cost of energy thanks to this dawning oil crisis combined with continued failed tax increases at the voting booth mean those three jobs still have to be eliminated after this year. It's not just teachers who have this problem right now. The police department in the same city has to cut 5 to 10 officers due to lack of funds. This follows a cut of 4 officers two years ago. After they did that, the number of homicides annually went from 1-2 to *7*.
You can't pay teachers less than they do now. Nobody goes into teaching as it is. It's a 6 year degree that, in most states, earns you $24,000 to start. My mother has a Masters degree + 30 hours (that's enough to pursue a doctoral thesis) and teaches Special Ed students. She has over 25 years experience, and her annual salary is less than $55,000/year. My father, who has just a BS in Mechanical Engineering and hasn't set foot in a classroom in 30 years makes over double that.
Oh, and then No Child Left Behind! Such a great program! If nobody has told you, here's how it works. You know you have to pass standardized tests to get a state certified degree now, yes? Let's say the first year, 80% of your students pass the test. "Not good enough," says NCLB, "improve your numbers or we take away funding." The next year, you increase to 85%. "Excellent," says NCLB. The next year, you get 88%. "You're falling behind again," says NCLB. "Your previous improvement indicated you would have 100% passing in four years. You will begin to lose funding after that time if you don't have 100% passing."
Yes, you heard that right. NCLB requires that state standardized test scores improve linearly. If you're at 50% passing, you should be able to improve by 10% annually and in five years be at 100% passing! Whomever wrote this bill either never looked at a bell curve, or designed it to cause public schools to fail. The response from the most successful states in the NCLB program has been, unsurprisingly, to make the standardized tests much, much easier.
1. True.
2. Very true.
3. Also true. I know whole families who have no medical insurance because their employer doesn't provide it or they're farmers and can't afford it.
4. Hm, not true so much. American government is currently dominated by the interests of big businesses and specialist lobbys. Consequently, no matter how much the populace cares about the environment and how much they can't push any laws through. Increasing regulations will increase the costs associated with all manufacturing plants in the US, so nearly every business lobby doesn't want those laws even if the population does.
However, I've been all across the US and never found unpotable tap water. Nation wide tap water regulations are stricter than those for bottled water. If you have well water you might need a purifier, but that's no different here compared to anywhere else. But even then when you buy a place with well water they have to test it before you're allowed to use it.
5. P.E. is being eliminated in American schools because attempts to increase taxes are being blocked. Also, Bush took away a huge amount of state funding 6 years ago at the same time he instituted his inane "No Child Left Behind" program (which is just another excuse to take even more money away from public schools). Schools can no longer budget all their programs. So P.E. goes. Then probably Art. Then anything else that isn't on the stupid standardized tests. So you'll get farmers and mechanics who had 4 years of Math (including precalculus!) and no knowledge of Animal Husbandry or Small Engine Repair.
As far as what food is served: in moderation, hamburgers and pizza are healthy. In any case, diet is the responsibility of the parents as well as the school. If the school offers salad, soup, pizza, and chicken and your kid always gets pizza, the failure is not the school's.
So... Java goes OSS in 2009?
Sure, whatever. I've already modified my buying habits. I don't spend anywhere near as much on stuff RIAA and MPAA own anymore. I also find I don't pirate, either. I just don't want what they offer anymore.
Consistently offending or disappointing your customer base drives customers elsewhere. Why do people run Linux when Microsoft has a 90% market share and a much larger software library? Why do people avoid going to WalMart? Bad consumer image.
Quite obviously, anybody out to make money is only interested in taking my money, not in providing a service I might want to pay for. Exchange money for goods and services?! The very idea is laughable.
Here's a story about a student at the university I went to:
A student with a backpack goes into a campus 7-11 and buys a soda. He pays for it, leaves, and begins walking down the street. A police officer pulls up in a cruiser and stops the student. The officer asks for ID. The student says he hasn't got any (or he might have refused; I don't remember, but at the time it was legal to do that, I don't believe it still is). The officer takes the student's bag and searches it (he later says he suspected that the student bought alcohol illegally). He finds two marijuana cigarettes, and arrests the student.
In court, the student argues that the officer had no "reasonable suspicion" to search him, and violated his civil rights by doing so. He was not in a high-crime area of town (there is no such area at my University because the school is bigger than the town that it's in) and buying a soda, placing it in your backpack, and walking down the street is in no way a suspicious act. The judge agreed, and threw out the search and dismissed the case.
I've heard people say he got off on a "technicality". Bullshit. The state violated his civil right to privacy and broke a Constitutional Amendment. That's no technicality.
I don't think the SCOTUS is quite as powerful as a jury. While SCOTUS has the power to interpret laws and even rule them unconsititutional, the legislature and the states have the power to author new laws, including new constitutional amendments. Roe v Wade might have made abortion bans illegal, it doesn't prevent a new amendment explicitly banning them.
Of course, I expect that kind of legislated morality to work about as well as the temperance amendment did.
The point behind case law (precendent) is that it means your judgement as a judge is not biased (or is only as biased as the precedent). Equal protection under the law.
In 10 years, consumer demand for eminantly portable digital content will be so widespread (and so ingrained because today's youth grew up with mp3s) that companies will adapt or die. A failing business model will fail. That's what it does. The first company to break ranks with MPAA/RIAA will make oodles of money. In 20 years, we (our generations) will be the people in control of the MPAA and RIAA. At that time, they will remember with fond loathing how their companies acted in the first decade. They will change. It is already too late for them. Any legislation now will just make the changes later that much more painful.
All you have to do is, say, convince Cartoon Network or Sci-Fi to publish their TV shows (with commercials intact) through Azureus. Users provide most of the bandwidth, content is delivered in a manner that earns providers money, and Azureus takes a slice off the top.
And suddenly we won't see HBO suing for people downloading the latest Sopranos. We'll see HBO distributing episodes for $1-2 to anybody who wants on the private tracker. Or better yet, users simply subscribe to the HBO/Azureus service and can download any available content they want that month and view as they please. Keep the price reasonable and the only pirates you have to battle are the people who wouldn't pay for your service even if they couldn't decrypt your works.
The US legal system is based on Rule of Law with precedence. That means previous court rulings on laws are considered the correct interpretation of laws, or, in this case, can effectively establish laws. Even constitutional ones.
From http://www.usconstitution.net/constnot.html#privac y :
More:y
http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/Privac