It can be more of a concern if you have your PC in your bedroom or living room, and especially if you are into higher quality audio.
A 40dB computer humming along means your noise floor is at 40dB; if your stereo can produce 110dB your usable dynamic range is only 70dB. Any improvement on that figure is helpful. (40dB is probably quite quiet for a computer; I'm fairly sure my old machine with all the extra (cheap) fans is approaching 55)
Since a PC is generally on 24/7, every decibal less noise is less fatigue on your ears for hours each day.
My folks bought an IBM-built K6 desktop a few years back. They knew I could build one for them for a couple hundred less, but not being tech-savvy they thought that going with a big name like IBM would offer them a good product and good support.
Wrong. The basic design of the motherboard ended up causing endless problems, but none severe and verifiable enough to warrant a complete replacement.
For one thing, the IDE signalling appeared to be very sensitive to errors/interferance: if the CDROM was thrashing on a CD it would often lock up the entire system. This was a known problem with a similar model, but IBM never officially recognized it as a defect on my parents' machine.
More irritating and subtle were all those random reboots, corruption, etc, that resulted from the general flakiness of the system. Think "old packard bell" and you know what I am talking about.
Had the CDROM, memory replaced, still intermittently broken. They still have this computer because it is now out of warranty and they don't have the $600 to get a new machine, not to mention that they are bitter about the whole mess with IBM.
IMHO, IBM should have just given them a new machine, because the quality level on the one they sold was what I would expect from a bargain basement Chinese reseller, not IBM. It's certainly soured my feelings about the company.
Well, I'll admit I'm not an expert at applied thermodynamics. Ok, any flavor of thermodynamics. What I do know is that for the purpose of emitting stored heat, black is the most emissive (radiant) color. That is the purpose of the black anodizing on heatsinks...it makes them a small amount more effective. (I consider this one of the great ironies of the universe.)
The question becomes more complex when you talk about the case operating as a potential secondary heatsink to the temperature of the air (and parts) in the case...you have to consider that if almost all the heat in the body of the case is from air-to-metal contact, then possibly black will emit more photons than it would absorb compared to unpainted.
Or maybe not. It's interesting to consider at any rate.
Once I used some 0.125" stock copper for a ground bus in an amp and it was sizeable enough that I did have to use a propane torch to make the connections. My soldering station is 50 watts, and it just couldn't cut it.
Basically you have the conductivity junction-to-junction, for which aluminum has a high coefficient. Then, as you said, you have the internal transmissive coefficient that determines how rapidly heat flows through the medium.
Aluminum scores very well in both, but copper is more transmissive and less conductive. If you've ever soldered on heavy copper you've probably felt the pain of soldering one land only to desolder one nearby...
This is exactly why the best pots are copper-bottomed: even heat transfer.
Hmmm...I doubt painting the inside black is going to be an improvement. For one thing, black is the most radiant color, which to me indicates it will help keep the metal case cooler at a slight expense of keeping the air inside warmer. (exactly backwards of what one would prefer) Right?
The real reason, though, is that pretty much any paint is going to have a negative effect on your thermal characteristics. You really need to anodize metal for radiant effect, and even then the performance difference is tiny.
No, you really can blow the entire motherboard through the serial or parallel port from static alone. I blew three of the same model 486 mobo back in the day. It is probably the result of a poor design by the manufacturer that can't handle variation on the input pins.
Look at it this way: there is already an established multichannel sound system with hardware support that competes with AC3 and which some feel is superior to it. It's called DTS, and few movies support it. The chances of a noname competitor coming in and having success where DTS is floundering seem small.
I think it is perfectly ethical. Just because the GPL is viral shouldn't mean any GPL'd software must remain free in perpetuity. It seems reasonable to develop a product open source, then release a value-added closed source product.
Just because you get the original product free doesn't entitle you to all future releases...all the people that assisted in working on the code still have access to that code, and moreso are free to do what they want with it.
The GPL should be used to encourage innovation, not be so draconian that no one outside researchers and freeware authors will use it. Like it or not, big money means more programmers being thrown at a task--something "free" software platforms need badly. Republishing a closed-source improvement provides a valid business model, potentially giving some developers the capital to make some good software.
I think that is a very interesting idea, but there are a lot of subtleties to consider. Languages don't share a common sound set...if you were dubbing English into German, there just isn't a sound for the glottal stop. How would you infer how the "actor model" should sound? I'm guessing this is a very nontrivial problem.
One solution would be to get demo reels of the actors saying various sounds in the target language. The downside is that they will come across speaking the foreign language with a terrible accent...a Japanese actor might be fairly unintelligable speaking English since they are missing so many sounds (la=da=ra, no th-, etc)
This doesn't really have a lot of bearing on that; you still have court-appointed witnesses to such testimony who can vouch for its authenticity, just like anyone can alter a printed will but having it witnessed and notorized creates an official copy.
Now video evidence, that is something else entirely.
Um, perhaps the "average person" would use it for the purposes of this article: to run Palm apps. You don't have to be a developer to want to run some of the thousands of available PalmOS apps.
Many, many programs (even ROM-level) that run successfully on real Palms fail on the Windows emulator, so it is completely unsurprising that something like an OS replacement fails on the WinCE emulator. Likely the emulators suffer from a combination of minor inaccuracies and a strict interpretation of the design constraints, whereas the hardware lets you get away with murder in some instances.
There are a significant number of programs out there that do "bad" things like disabling memory protection and sending hardware-level commands: not supported by the books. The emulator has to emulate not only the documented OS level calls but also all of these hardware tweaks to run such programs successfully; this is obviously a much greater challenge, especially since the authors will need to do this virtually from scratch instead of using available emulator sources.
Downloading the ROMs is not an easy process though; you have to apply and be accepted into the developer program in order to access them. Sure this is still a simple thing to do, but the average person probably lacks the patience (and wherewithal) to do it.
It all comes down to standards. There are certain standards for redbook audio, and the disc must conform to those standards to bear the CD-Audio label (AFAIK). Therefore branding a non-compliant disc CD-audio is essentially fraud, since it will NOT play on plenty of standards-compliant drives.
Yes, blah blah evil etc. However Amazon is very customer-oriented and has happily replaced defective media (DVD and CD) for me, no questions asked. They even pick up shipping both ways./That/ is customer service.
This is true; however we certainly have yet to exploit all the possibilities when it comes to heat control. Processor voltages continue to drop. In your example a 100-layer CPU would have 1000W of disapation. However, it would also have 5 times the effective tranmissive area, so in theory we could build a heatsink that is just 5 times the size of modern CPU sinks and dissapate fully half that energy. (provided the ambient air is kept cool enough) If the voltage drops by 1/root(2) we have a feasible design.
Big-O means we'll always be limited in the 3d growth of chips, unless practical superconducting ICs come along. However, the problem is really not surface area as much as total energy output. I doubt that the average consumer wants a 1000W cpu of any kind in their box; at that disapation manufacturer's need to worry about burning down their customer's houses, to say nothing of the electrical cost. In addition, the forced-air heatsink would need 100 times more surface area or much more air; pretty prohibitive!
Within reasonable limits, we can generally get rid of heat in proportion to the linear size of the CPU, especially when you go to water (or better) cooling, increase the surface area by boring passages through the chip itself, etc. Even when the chip becomes so small that metallic sinks are ineffective at transmission we can always immerse the sinks in the cooling medium. Only then will we approach your hard surface area vs. volume limit.
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It can be more of a concern if you have your PC in your bedroom or living room, and especially if you are into higher quality audio.
A 40dB computer humming along means your noise floor is at 40dB; if your stereo can produce 110dB your usable dynamic range is only 70dB. Any improvement on that figure is helpful. (40dB is probably quite quiet for a computer; I'm fairly sure my old machine with all the extra (cheap) fans is approaching 55)
Since a PC is generally on 24/7, every decibal less noise is less fatigue on your ears for hours each day.
My folks bought an IBM-built K6 desktop a few years back. They knew I could build one for them for a couple hundred less, but not being tech-savvy they thought that going with a big name like IBM would offer them a good product and good support.
Wrong. The basic design of the motherboard ended up causing endless problems, but none severe and verifiable enough to warrant a complete replacement.
For one thing, the IDE signalling appeared to be very sensitive to errors/interferance: if the CDROM was thrashing on a CD it would often lock up the entire system. This was a known problem with a similar model, but IBM never officially recognized it as a defect on my parents' machine.
More irritating and subtle were all those random reboots, corruption, etc, that resulted from the general flakiness of the system. Think "old packard bell" and you know what I am talking about.
Had the CDROM, memory replaced, still intermittently broken. They still have this computer because it is now out of warranty and they don't have the $600 to get a new machine, not to mention that they are bitter about the whole mess with IBM.
IMHO, IBM should have just given them a new machine, because the quality level on the one they sold was what I would expect from a bargain basement Chinese reseller, not IBM. It's certainly soured my feelings about the company.
Well, I'll admit I'm not an expert at applied thermodynamics. Ok, any flavor of thermodynamics. What I do know is that for the purpose of emitting stored heat, black is the most emissive (radiant) color. That is the purpose of the black anodizing on heatsinks...it makes them a small amount more effective. (I consider this one of the great ironies of the universe.)
The question becomes more complex when you talk about the case operating as a potential secondary heatsink to the temperature of the air (and parts) in the case...you have to consider that if almost all the heat in the body of the case is from air-to-metal contact, then possibly black will emit more photons than it would absorb compared to unpainted.
Or maybe not. It's interesting to consider at any rate.
Once I used some 0.125" stock copper for a ground bus in an amp and it was sizeable enough that I did have to use a propane torch to make the connections. My soldering station is 50 watts, and it just couldn't cut it.
Basically you have the conductivity junction-to-junction, for which aluminum has a high coefficient. Then, as you said, you have the internal transmissive coefficient that determines how rapidly heat flows through the medium.
Aluminum scores very well in both, but copper is more transmissive and less conductive. If you've ever soldered on heavy copper you've probably felt the pain of soldering one land only to desolder one nearby...
This is exactly why the best pots are copper-bottomed: even heat transfer.
Hmmm...I doubt painting the inside black is going to be an improvement. For one thing, black is the most radiant color, which to me indicates it will help keep the metal case cooler at a slight expense of keeping the air inside warmer. (exactly backwards of what one would prefer) Right?
The real reason, though, is that pretty much any paint is going to have a negative effect on your thermal characteristics. You really need to anodize metal for radiant effect, and even then the performance difference is tiny.
I'm with you on "Necrotic" but it is probably fine for the Japanese market: neko (nay-ko) means cat in japanese.
No, you really can blow the entire motherboard through the serial or parallel port from static alone. I blew three of the same model 486 mobo back in the day. It is probably the result of a poor design by the manufacturer that can't handle variation on the input pins.
Look at it this way: there is already an established multichannel sound system with hardware support that competes with AC3 and which some feel is superior to it. It's called DTS, and few movies support it. The chances of a noname competitor coming in and having success where DTS is floundering seem small.
-nt-
I'm on 24.x.x.x and I'm getting 50+/hour
I think it is perfectly ethical. Just because the GPL is viral shouldn't mean any GPL'd software must remain free in perpetuity. It seems reasonable to develop a product open source, then release a value-added closed source product.
Just because you get the original product free doesn't entitle you to all future releases...all the people that assisted in working on the code still have access to that code, and moreso are free to do what they want with it.
The GPL should be used to encourage innovation, not be so draconian that no one outside researchers and freeware authors will use it. Like it or not, big money means more programmers being thrown at a task--something "free" software platforms need badly. Republishing a closed-source improvement provides a valid business model, potentially giving some developers the capital to make some good software.
Some might say this was intended as a service to the viewers.
I think that is a very interesting idea, but there are a lot of subtleties to consider. Languages don't share a common sound set...if you were dubbing English into German, there just isn't a sound for the glottal stop. How would you infer how the "actor model" should sound? I'm guessing this is a very nontrivial problem.
One solution would be to get demo reels of the actors saying various sounds in the target language. The downside is that they will come across speaking the foreign language with a terrible accent...a Japanese actor might be fairly unintelligable speaking English since they are missing so many sounds (la=da=ra, no th-, etc)
It's definitely a neat idea though.
This doesn't really have a lot of bearing on that; you still have court-appointed witnesses to such testimony who can vouch for its authenticity, just like anyone can alter a printed will but having it witnessed and notorized creates an official copy.
Now video evidence, that is something else entirely.
Duly noted. However, to truly pass /. scrutiny you should be emulating windows on linux to emulate Palm running linux.
Um, perhaps the "average person" would use it for the purposes of this article: to run Palm apps. You don't have to be a developer to want to run some of the thousands of available PalmOS apps.
Many, many programs (even ROM-level) that run successfully on real Palms fail on the Windows emulator, so it is completely unsurprising that something like an OS replacement fails on the WinCE emulator. Likely the emulators suffer from a combination of minor inaccuracies and a strict interpretation of the design constraints, whereas the hardware lets you get away with murder in some instances.
There are a significant number of programs out there that do "bad" things like disabling memory protection and sending hardware-level commands: not supported by the books. The emulator has to emulate not only the documented OS level calls but also all of these hardware tweaks to run such programs successfully; this is obviously a much greater challenge, especially since the authors will need to do this virtually from scratch instead of using available emulator sources.
Downloading the ROMs is not an easy process though; you have to apply and be accepted into the developer program in order to access them. Sure this is still a simple thing to do, but the average person probably lacks the patience (and wherewithal) to do it.
You, sir, have shown yourself to be in the increasingly large class of people known as the humor impaired.
It all comes down to standards. There are certain standards for redbook audio, and the disc must conform to those standards to bear the CD-Audio label (AFAIK). Therefore branding a non-compliant disc CD-audio is essentially fraud, since it will NOT play on plenty of standards-compliant drives.
Yes, blah blah evil etc. However Amazon is very customer-oriented and has happily replaced defective media (DVD and CD) for me, no questions asked. They even pick up shipping both ways. /That/ is customer service.
You should demand to be paid as an employee, as you are assisting in the execution of their business.
This is true; however we certainly have yet to exploit all the possibilities when it comes to heat control. Processor voltages continue to drop. In your example a 100-layer CPU would have 1000W of disapation. However, it would also have 5 times the effective tranmissive area, so in theory we could build a heatsink that is just 5 times the size of modern CPU sinks and dissapate fully half that energy. (provided the ambient air is kept cool enough) If the voltage drops by 1/root(2) we have a feasible design.
Big-O means we'll always be limited in the 3d growth of chips, unless practical superconducting ICs come along. However, the problem is really not surface area as much as total energy output. I doubt that the average consumer wants a 1000W cpu of any kind in their box; at that disapation manufacturer's need to worry about burning down their customer's houses, to say nothing of the electrical cost. In addition, the forced-air heatsink would need 100 times more surface area or much more air; pretty prohibitive!
Within reasonable limits, we can generally get rid of heat in proportion to the linear size of the CPU, especially when you go to water (or better) cooling, increase the surface area by boring passages through the chip itself, etc. Even when the chip becomes so small that metallic sinks are ineffective at transmission we can always immerse the sinks in the cooling medium. Only then will we approach your hard surface area vs. volume limit.
Thanks.