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In English : Swissgrid -> frequency

The realtime situation is on Swissgrid -> frequency

The 50/60Hz powerline frequency is notoriously strong and ubiquitous, touch one end of an amp cable or an oscilloscope probe or an AM radio, forget a pull-up/pull-down resistors and resistor capacitors on an Arduino, you have your 50 or 60 (depending on your locale) Hz reference. Now in order to compensate for load differences, steam/hydraulic pressure at the turbines... that frequency is allowed to go up and down a bit... but over the course of a day, it must be very stable.In the US, for example the standard (once) required that the 60Hz power line averages out to exactly 5,184,000 cycles in any day, But if you live in the US, YMMV as this guarantee seems to be no longer written in stone

d. Digital clocks in plugged-in devices such as microwave ovens use this. Swiss Grid has a very good explanation and time deviation on their website. So synchronous clocks and clock radios of the 1960s and 70s might have held their time better than your untethered Seiko or Rollex ever did. Which makes me wonder why they didn't rely on this instead of the built-in crystal that might have been off by a second or more per month depending on temperature, humidity and how many times I tried to tweak that little variable capacitor with a jeweler's screwdriver.

“Far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the western spiral arm of the Galaxy lies a small unregarded yellow sun. Orbiting this at a distance of roughly ninety-two million miles is an utterly insignificant little blue green planet whose ape-descended life forms are so amazingly primitive that they still think digital watches are a pretty neat idea.” Douglas Adams, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

Here is an interesting quote from that site that states exactly what I am saying:

Integrating renewable energies into the grid – A challenge for grid operator
Alongside rising electricity consumption and the connection of new power stations, the increasing feed-in of electricity from renewable energies is posing major challenges for the operators of distribution systems and transmission systems. This is in part due to the difficulty of planning how much energy solar and wind power can be expected to feed in currently and in the future. This can lead to significant variance between power fed in from renewable energies and power plant schedules, thereby putting system reliability at risk. An example analysis of the load profiles of an individual photovoltaic installation shows:

How much the power fed in from renewable energies fluctuates
How energy production and consumption varies throughout the day and during the year
How the actual production of the installation deviates from the installed capacity

Here is a link to a study dealing with solar panels. http://www.swissgrid.ch/dam/swissgrid/future/renewable_energies/Analyse_Lastgaenge_Gaertnerei_mit_PV-Anlage_en.pdf

It si well known that DC is better suited, however whole europe is interconnected with AC lines, and that is far far longer and wider than mere 1200km.

There is a grid that is over 1200km long but energy is consumed much less than 1200km from where it is produced. Think of it like a huge piping system where water is injected and removed at many places along the pipe. The issue with AC electricity is when you inject power very far from where it is used. for example, If Western Europe is producing a lot of power and Eastern Europe is using a lot of power than the power has to be transmitted a very long way with high losses from AC lines.

You are looking at this in too small a scale. Country to country with AC is fine but long distances do not work.

You actually pointed me to an interesting paper about the variability of power input from solar panels. http://www.swissgrid.ch/dam/swissgrid/future/renewable_energies/Analyse_Lastgaenge_Gaertnerei_mit_PV-Anlage_en.pdf.
Notice how jagged those graph are? This causes switching systems to have to even out the load and can cause instability in the grid. Notice how the output in the winter is only 20% of that in summer?

Ah, the link I missed is: http://www.swissgrid.ch/swissgrid/en/home.html

Look at the stuff under "FUTURE OF ELECTRICITY". And if you are interested into the topcis google for smartgrid and supergrid.

Still the question remains: since when and why is there a net import as you claim.

You claim the moratorium is the reason, obviously that is wrong as we still have more than 20% overcapacity in germany.

The reasons are pure economical.

Right now (15:17 UTC) Germany is exporting 56 MW into Switzerland, France is 1700 MW, Austria is 475 MW ... while I typed this the export from germany dropped to 43 MW and is now back to 52MW.

Simultaneously Switzerland is exporting 2300 MW to Italy.

Source: https://www.swissgrid.ch/swissgrid/de/home.html and right now while paste the source germany is exporting 152 MW to Switzerland.

Again: pulling some random web sites with data, and having no clue how to interprete that data does not make your arguments valid.