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Germany Sets New Solar Power Record

An anonymous reader sends this quote from a Reuters report: "German solar power plants produced a world record 22 gigawatts of electricity per hour — equal to 20 nuclear power stations at full capacity — through the midday hours on Friday and Saturday, the head of a renewable energy think tank said. The German government decided to abandon nuclear power after the Fukushima nuclear disaster last year, closing eight plants immediately and shutting down the remaining nine by 2022. ... The record-breaking amount of solar power shows one of the world's leading industrial nations was able to meet a third of its electricity needs on a work day, Friday, and nearly half on Saturday when factories and offices were closed."

568 comments

  1. midnight by harvey+the+nerd · · Score: 2, Funny

    What percentage is generated at midnight?

    1. Re:midnight by Shoten · · Score: 5, Insightful

      What percentage is generated at midnight?

      Midnight isn't the problem; power consumption is quite low then, and only drops more as the clock continues, only to start climbing well after dawn. Power generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure has to be built for peak, and that's the problem. Fortunately, a lot of the peak load is during daylight hours. A lot of it is also in the evening as well, but it's not about finding a magic bullet, it's about helping cut back on (not eliminate) the need to use coal or nuclear power.

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    2. Re:midnight by Mashiki · · Score: 4, Informative

      0 of course. That's when they're buying power from France's nukes though. Not to forget that they're already scrambling to find some way to subsidize all of this, because it cost too much taxpayer money. At the end of the day, the government is going off about how it'll pay all for itself, and the public is still left wondering where all the money is coming from, while the euro is tanking, and the economy looks like shit.

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    3. Re:midnight by Zorpheus · · Score: 2

      That's not the problem since the consumption is low then.
      The problem will be in the winter months in the morning and the evening, when the sun isn't shining and electric heating is running in some places. Well, last winter showed that this mostly becomes a problem in France, since they get power from Germany at these times, and use a lot of electric heating because of the low state-controlled electricity prices.
      While I am ok with the switch to solar power in principle, it just does not work that easily with this high percentage of solar power, as the article claims. It only works without lots of new storage capacities because of the electricity exchange between the European countries. But the same is true for the high percentage of French nuclear power. While they generally export a lot of cheap nuclear power, they don't have the capacities to meet their peak demand.
      The power network of Europe only work as a whole, which is why the switch to green energies better would have been organized on the level of the EU.

    4. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      So how much is it when it is raining or cloudy?

      Solar power works in some places, but even Saudi Arabia wants to build nuclear power stations (to be run by external personnel - basically hands-off nuclear stations) instead of rapid expansion of solar. As I stated before, good luck to Germany. They will need it.

    5. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Midnight isn't the problem in late May, that's true. Midnight and early morning will be a problem in the winter, however.

      But, yeah, it's not about one single silver bullet.

    6. Re:midnight by Pentium100 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Working hours correlate well with sunlight in the summer, but winter is different - short days (less than 8 hours during winter solstice in my country (more north from Germany)) not much light during the days and everybody using more power (lighting) make solar power not practical in winter.

    7. Re:midnight by Gordonjcp · · Score: 1

      Midnight isn't the problem; power consumption is quite low then, and only drops more as the clock continues, only to start climbing well after dawn.

      I bet winter is a problem, although maybe not quite so far south as Germany. Power demand is pretty heavy from sunset to sunrise with a big spike in the morning that doesn't tail off until well after 9am, long before the sun is up.

    8. Re:midnight by ericloewe · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Just wait until electric cars become popular. Then we'll have a problem.

    9. Re:midnight by Knuckles · · Score: 5, Informative

      The German nuclear industry was subsidized by at least 80 billion EUR from 1956 to 2007 (and 3.7 billion in 2006 alone) based on extremely conservative estimates, but likely much more. A study commisioned by Greenpeace arrived at a number of 203.7 billion from 1950 to 2010. According to WP at least, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernenergie#Deutschland

      --
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    10. Re:midnight by AmiMoJo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Actually France has been struggling to meet peak demand with nuclear in recent years due to the hot summers we have been enjoying. Nuclear plants need to dump a lot of heat and when the ambient temperature gets too high they either have to drop to idle mode or dump hot water into lakes and streams, killing off the local wildlife and generally trashing the environment.

      Of course this flaw does not mean nuclear is useless. I'm not a nuke-you-mentalist who writes off every other technology because it isn't perfect. However, this does highlight solar PV's strength - you get the most power when you need it.

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    11. Re:midnight by Dahamma · · Score: 3, Insightful

      However, this does highlight solar PV's strength - you get the most power when you need it.

      People have to remember that many parts of the world (Germany, especially) actually uses *more* energy in the winter (and it's more important that it be available - AC for the most part is a modern convenience, but heat it necessary to survive), it's just not traditionally via electricity generation. Natural gas and heating oil are also non-renewable hydrocarbon-based energy sources. A long term solution to power needs to replace *all* form of non-renewable, CO2-generating energy...

    12. Re:midnight by willy_me · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Working hours correlate well with sunlight in the summer, but winter is different - short days (less than 8 hours during winter solstice in my country (more north from Germany)) not much light during the days and everybody using more power (lighting) make solar power not practical in winter.

      Very true. Here in Canada, people often rave about how we could be using solar power; they just don't get it. Solar power is not an efficient solution in Canada, wind power makes far more sense.

      But Germany reaching their goal of solar providing for 1/3 of their power would be an impressive feat. There are plenty of countries that have far more solar potential then Germany. If they can do it, then other countries like Spain should be able to do even more.

    13. Re:midnight by Dahamma · · Score: 1

      The power network of Europe only work as a whole, which is why the switch to green energies better would have been organized on the level of the EU.

      Yeah, the EU has shown giant multinational government bureaucracies have been a great idea for organizing economies. Give them control over power generation as well and then people can end up both poor *and* in the dark...

    14. Re:midnight by fritsd · · Score: 3, Informative
      "Passivhaus" is a German word.
      There is still an enormous amount of "low-hanging-fruit" in energy conservation by better insulation with modern materials.

      A long term solution to power needs to replace *all* form of non-renewable, CO2-generating energy...

      Yes, agreed. And also better storage technology is needed, especially with intermittant renewables such as solar and wind.

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    15. Re:midnight by Gothmolly · · Score: 1

      But remember, socialism is better than capitalism.

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    16. Re:midnight by dgatwood · · Score: 1

      ... it's not about finding a magic bullet, it's about helping cut back on (not eliminate) the need to use coal or nuclear power.

      Only up to the point where all the daytime power needs are covered by solar. Given the slow ramp-up/ramp-down times for nuclear plants, they're pretty much suitable only for providing base load (24x7), so either you're using it all day and all night or you're not using it at all. In other words, solar power, if deployed broadly enough, could make nuclear power economically infeasible.

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    17. Re:midnight by slashrio · · Score: 5, Insightful
      Subsidized you say?

      Wait until we start 'subsidizing' the decommissioning of all those nuclear-waste producers...

      For that money we could have reached 100% solar coverage. From the Sahara.

      --
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    18. Re:midnight by Knuckles · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Absolutely. Not even the Greenpeace numbers fully account for that. Plus Germany still has no final storage facility for nuclear waste, and the previous attempts at storage (Assen, Gorleben) ended in costly failure. Who knows what an actual final facility might cost over time.

      --
      "When I first heard Daydream Nation it quite frankly scared the living shit out of me." -- Matthew Stearns
    19. Re:midnight by EdIII · · Score: 1

      I kind of see your point, but you are being a little bit simplistic. Perhaps that is why you are being modded troll.

      In just about any kind of renewal energy design, that is based on variable power sources, they are using energy storage to provide a constant amount of energy. Obviously the peak energy that can produced will be during daylight hours, and during the parts of the year where there is more sun.

      Storing energy in molten sodium is not a new concept. On a smaller point source scale I have seen designs using flywheels and conventional batteries.

      If you are going to go renewable, the sources should be multiple, and energy storage is usually a given.

      IMO, you don't need to go fully renewable right away. If Germany can produce 1/3rd of its daily energy needs (especially during peak hours) from renewable sources that is valuable progress.

    20. Re:midnight by ThePeices · · Score: 4, Informative

      The technology is here already, molten salt thermal storage.

      We just need to build a utility grade facility to get the engineering challenges ironed out and to measure the real world performance of a full scale system.

      Countries like Australia could be 100% solar with 24/7 electricity generation by coupling solar thermal concentrators with molten salt storage, by using some of the vast tracts of high sunshine hour desert land in the outback.

    21. Re:midnight by CheerfulMacFanboy · · Score: 0

      0 of course. That's when they're buying power from France's nukes though.

      And yet, Germany remains a net exporter of electric power. Including to France. http://cleantechnica.com/2012/02/09/clean-energy-loving-germany-increasingly-exporting-electricity-to-nuclear-heavy-france/

      --
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    22. Re:midnight by DemoLiter3 · · Score: 1

      Actually, the average household electricity price in Germany is already at ~0.33 $/kWh, and it will likely increase by another 3-4 cents next year. So, we are not that far away from your figure.

    23. Re:midnight by Mashiki · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Wait did you just quote Greenpeace? The same group that opposes any form of nuclear power whatsoever? Ah I thought you did. Now remind me that even with these subsidies how much the power in germany works out to via nuclear? I'm sure it'll be somewhere in the 0.06-0.012c/KWH range, and solar will be in the 0.40-0.90c/KWH range. I mean in Greece it hit an earth shattering $1.20/KWH for just wind, solar did hit 0.80c/KWH.

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    24. Re:midnight by Grayhand · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The German nuclear industry was subsidized by at least 80 billion EUR from 1956 to 2007 (and 3.7 billion in 2006 alone) based on extremely conservative estimates, but likely much more. A study commisioned by Greenpeace arrived at a number of 203.7 billion from 1950 to 2010. According to WP at least, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernenergie#Deutschland

      Care to add up the numbers we've spent on the military during that same time frame as in percentage of the budget compared to Germany? If we spent the same percentage on the military as Germany and took the savings and spent it on alternative energy we'd have such an energy glut we'd be powering Canada and Mexico as well and trying to figure out how to export electricity to Europe. Fiscal will is all that has held us back. Germany has it we don't.

    25. Re:midnight by Knuckles · · Score: 0, Troll

      No, I did not. I referred to a study commissioned by Greenpeace. The actual study is in the WP source, read it and spare me your ad hominem argument.

      --
      "When I first heard Daydream Nation it quite frankly scared the living shit out of me." -- Matthew Stearns
    26. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

      No, that would help solving the storage problem.

    27. Re:midnight by PopeRatzo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      but even Saudi Arabia wants to build nuclear power stations

      They also want their women to wear black blankets over their head in a sunny, hot climate, so I'm not sure what "Saudi Arabia wants" is worth considering.

      Personally, I find what "German wants" more compelling than what "Saudi Arabia wants".

      --
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    28. Re:midnight by thegarbz · · Score: 2

      The problem is that every graph I have seen shows THE peak at about 6pm (in every state in my country it's about 2GW higher than during the daytime peak (at around 10-11am). When people get home from work, and more importantly when the sun is already so low on the horizon even in the favourable times of the year that you won't get much out of your solar plant. I get the feeling that's what the GP was trying to get at.

      Slashdot readership is a lot better than most, but the vast majority of people believe that some single technology is a panacea for all the world's problems.

    29. Re:midnight by bsdewhurst · · Score: 2

      What percentage is generated at midnight?

      Midnight isn't the problem; power consumption is quite low then, and only drops more as the clock continues, only to start climbing well after dawn. Power generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure has to be built for peak, and that's the problem. Fortunately, a lot of the peak load is during daylight hours. A lot of it is also in the evening as well, but it's not about finding a magic bullet, it's about helping cut back on (not eliminate) the need to use coal or nuclear power.

      Your right midnight is not a problem the load is low at the time. The problem is 7-8pm during winter the is the peak power period, with 7-8am closely following. At both of these times you do not have much if any sunlight, which means you are going to be running coal/gas plants at full power during these periods to pick up the slack and then dropping away to nothing.

      To do this you need peaking power plants (which basically all run on gas (which for Germany means importing from Russia)) do you really think it is a god idea to put all your eggs in that one basket, what if Russia and the Ukraine start arguing again and Russia cuts the gas off (again).

      If you want to see what a countries load profile looks like for a day try here , this is for New Zealand but most western countries will be similar (data displayed is mostly live so depending on the time of day the current day may not have much information and it is currently Sunday)

    30. Re:midnight by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      If you don't think governments (including the US) already have control over power generation then you're delusional. If you actually want unregulated power generation then you're suicidal.

      --
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    31. Re:midnight by bsdewhurst · · Score: 1

      I will repeat part of my earlier post here, peak load on an electricity network is not at midday, it is at 7-8am and 7-8 pm, while some people are still at the office, so all the lights and air-con are n there and other people are at home cooking, so all the lights and appliances are on there as well. This is not the peak time for solar. Add to this the Winter heating load (if you are in a winter peak area, I know a lot of people here are in summer peak areas where air-con in the middle of summer is more important that a heater in winter).

    32. Re:midnight by Cyberax · · Score: 1

      Molten salt storage is not a 'technology', but more of 'extract money from government' thing. It can't scale enough even in theory and it's horribly expensive and inefficient to boot.

    33. Re:midnight by Cyberax · · Score: 2

      Germany is NOT a net exporter. However, it's one of the main Central European electricity transit countries.

    34. Re:midnight by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      In just about any kind of renewal energy design, that is based on variable power sources, they are using energy storage to provide a constant amount of energy. Obviously the peak energy that can produced will be during daylight hours, and during the parts of the year where there is more sun.

      There is also this idea that coal doesn't have up's and down's, you just light the boiler and feed it coal. In the real world they need maintenance to the extent that you need to build 7 plants to get the adevrtised 'constant output' of 6. Then you also need to work out if it's better(TM) to have a higher 'base load' to pump water uphill for peaks, or have a lower "base load" and bunch of gas turbines for the peaks.

      Coal has the same optimization problems meeting the demand curve as renewables, but all that existing complexity is hidden when you plug the TV into the wall and it demonstrably 'just works'.

      --
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    35. Re:midnight by Pinky's+Brain · · Score: 1

      Synthetic natural gas (sic) is the more likely intermediary storage of the future (using atmospheric CO2 and H2 from electrolysis). With the added advantage that petrol engines can be cheaply modified to run on it.

    36. Re:midnight by tmosley · · Score: 1

      Sure, if you will issue me a permit to burn it up in a LFTR reactor. Hell, I'll pay you rather handsomely for your energy dense nuclear waste.

    37. Re:midnight by Dahamma · · Score: 1

      First, you seriously overestimate the US government control of the energy industry - ever heard of ENRON?

      Second, in general government controls are fine. Meta-government, hah. The EU would be about as successful at regulating energy policy among 27 nations as the UN is regulating... well, just about anything of importance.

    38. Re:midnight by tmosley · · Score: 2

      Right. Sure. We could have gotten 100% of Europe's electricity, shipped it with a 50% loss across half the globe and it would have cost less than a quarter trillion dollars.

      LO fucking L.

      The mods who deemed the above post "insightful" are blithering idiots. You might have been able to provide enough power for Berlin for as much, but not all of Europe. Nevermind that the first time the cable gets cut by some idiot or terrorist the whole continent would be in the stone age.

    39. Re:midnight by WOOFYGOOFY · · Score: 1

      A lot.

      new solar technologies are able to harvest light from the infrared spectrum, which includes harvesting energy at night:

      http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/scientists-harvest-solar-power-in-the-dark/4150

      Putting down any alternative energy technology as permanently impractical is always a risky bet and one solar naysayers are going to lose sooner rather than later. The most damaging thing is when it gets turned into a political football because it discourages money being directed to research and development across the board.

      We need to be going full moon-shot towards alternative energy, subsidizing early adopters and deficit spending all the way if need be. The real and widespread economic costs associated with global warming and also with peak oil in the very near future far far outweigh any cost associated with R and D into alternative energy.

    40. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      Actually I have read a couple of studies on how such fabrics behave under intense sunlight. The performance is better than you would expect. The fabric needs to have small holes so sweat can vent out and given those hole dimensions black fabric actually behaved better than white fabric. White fabrics are not a perfect reflector for all light frequencies and the black fabric radiated heat away very effectively. Color was not very important in the whole scheme of things.

    41. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      You would expect the people living in the harsh climate would know better how to dress to live in it than someone else who doesn't. Their clothes were designed for the environment. Some people think they can live with the heat just by removing their clothes. But when temperatures are over 40C you are either in the shade (i.e. wearing clothes to block the sun) or you will get heatstroke quickly. Particularly if you do not have lots of water around to rehydrate. At those temperatures you are better off covering your entire body with baggy clothes.

    42. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 1, Interesting

      One of the reasons the Spanish economy is on the brink was the large renewable subsidies. They probably have every kind of solar power generator in the country including solar towers, parabolic troughs, etc. The last time a country tried these alternative energy schemes was Brazil with their plan to use alcohol in automobiles. It always takes decades before the technology gets cost effective enough. In the meantime you have to face self-imposed large scale misery. Brazil's saving grace was that they eventually reduced alcohol production costs and discovered oil offshore...

    43. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      It is even worse than that. In Germany they charge special taxes on nuclear power generators to subsidize the wind and solar power generators. Guess what will happen once they close all the nuclear reactors... They are increasingly importing energy from France which generates most of their power on nuclear as well. Their "alternative" to nuclear is actually burning filthy low quality lignite coal. I would rather live next to a nuclear reactor.

    44. Re:midnight by slb · · Score: 2

      Even if we take at face value your Greenpeace studies, these subsidies are ridiculous compared to those of solar energy. 200G € sound like a lot, but in 2010, nuclear accounted for 22.5% of electric power while solar only 4%. Now the subsidies for solar amounted to more than 50G € in ten years and the comitments for the lifetime of these obsolete and inneficient solar pannels are more than 50G €. Of course if you had been honest you could have compared the ratio of subsidies per kWh which (according the Greenpeace study) is averaged at 4.3c for nuclear, compared with the actual 25c of solar which was a wopping 50c in the early 2000. We could also speak about the utter failure of this solar subsidies to reduce CO2 emissions and spur innovation. Germany as failed producing cost effective solar pannels and is now importing from China. Add to that the intrinsec unreliability of solar power which to be accounted for would need tremendous investments in storage and grid infrastructure.

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    45. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Look at a map, retard.

    46. Re:midnight by oiron · · Score: 1

      I'm burning my mod points, but I've got to ask; any citation of that

      Keep in mind that correlation does not necessarily imply causation.

    47. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sadly, I've heard this kind of statement all too often, about France having problems with nuclear power plants in the summer. The reality however is a bit more complicated, which means that the "nuclear can't take hot summers" statement is loaded.

      First off, France has been getting enormous heat waves as of late, it's southern half getting probably the highest temperature spikes in all of Europe, so France is among the worst afflicted countries in this.

      Secondly, this affects all kinds of power plants that are based around a thermodynamical cycle (a heat engine), not just nuclear power plants. Every heat engine must reject waste heat, no matter the source of heating, be it nuclear, solar thermal, coal, gas, biomass, what have you - if it produces heat as part of generation, you're looking at a heat engine. Energy storage from solar PV or wind in heating water or molten salts will experience the same problem, as again, it's converting heat to electricity.

      Thirdly, the statement glosses over the above fact simply because most power plants in France are nuclear (a form of selection bias). Because they are the most numerous in operation, they are also going to be the most numerous in being afflicted, however, that correlation doesn't imply the causal "because nuclear, therefore overheating" relation.

    48. Re:midnight by samoanbiscuit · · Score: 1

      So all those islamic nuts going around splashing acid in the faces of women who weren't wearing a burqa were just interested in keeping them in optimum clothing for their environment?

    49. Re:midnight by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      A couple of car companies have demonstrated plug-in electric cars that can be used for electricity storage and power your house while sitting plugged in. If every household has an electric car and 20% of them are plugged in at any time, 50% plugged in at night, then that would go a long way towards helping even out the difference between supply and demand.

      --
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    50. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Winter is great time for co-generation: burn wood chips or any other fuel in large power stations for central heating purposes and generate huge amounts of electrical power as a by-product of that.

    51. Re:midnight by TheRaven64 · · Score: 2

      Let's just look at that 3.7 billion figure for 2006. I couldn't find a figure for 2006, but in 2010 nuclear power accounted for 22.4% of the total electricity consumption in Germany. I couldn't find the 2010 figure for electricity consumption, but in 2008 it was 544,500,000MWh, and I doubt it's decreased since then so I'll use that figure. That works out at 121,968,000MWh of nuclear power consumed. So, 3.7 billion Euros subsidising 122 billion kWh of electricity, works out at about 3.3 eurocents per kWh. Put like that, it doesn't seem too unreasonable - it's an amount that could be lost in the noise of fluctuating electricity prices over the past few years if it were not subsidised.

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    52. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You missed the "Wait until we start 'subsidizing' the decommissioning of all those nuclear-waste producers..." part, fuckhead.

      It's going to be well over a quarter trillion by the time all the sites are shut down and cleaned up.

    53. Re:midnight by Knuckles · · Score: 1

      I was not being dishonest. The guy I replied to stated that there are subsidies for solar as if such a thing had been unheard of for nuclear. I gave the link to the numbers such as I could quickly find, and it's anyones choice to do the math. I made no statement about comparative size of subsidies.

      You are being disingenuous though where you wrote "even if we take at face value your Greenpeace studies". First of all i did not unduly acclaim the mentioned (singular) Grrenpeace study, but more importantly by using that phrase you try to discredit also the other study which came up with the lower (and acknowledged by the authors to be much too low) 80 billion result. This came from the DIW, which is a institution that is held in high regard and certainly not under suspicion of being too hostile to the nuclear industry.

      The rest of your post is honest again and I don't dispute your numbers for subsidies per kwh. In fact they were partly in my link. The way I see it though, these numbers do no include all costs for nuclear power. Necessarily, because nobody knows what it will cost to dismantle obsolete nuclear plants and to store the remains. As I mentioned in a later post in the thread, there are no final storage facilities in Germany, and when they tried in Assen in Gorleben in endet in such disasters that nobody in their right mind has any confidence in the abilitiy of the nuclear industry to solve this problem. All we know is that it will cost many times whatever the amount the nuclear industry estimates.

      Finally, not even the Greenpeace study includes the IMHO significant social costs of the nuclear industry. It caused, necessarily, a further concentration of economic and political power, and was one of the two significant excuse for the arms race in which the police forces engaged since the 70ies (the other being terrorism). It's not even possible to quantify the harm this has done to German civil society, and guesses will obviously be wildly different between persons depending on the political inclinations of whoever does the guessing.

      In conclusion, I certainly don't doubt that mistakes were made in the subsidization of the German solar industry, and I am far from convinced that solar is a good way to go for countries like Germany. But never I never said I would.

      --
      "When I first heard Daydream Nation it quite frankly scared the living shit out of me." -- Matthew Stearns
    54. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I love how you slashbot nuclear-shills will always jump down the throat of anyone who references Greenpeace, EPA, Pugwash or other "green" or "anti-nuclear" groups but have NO problem accepting statistics from Westinghouse or US DoD and DoE

      I'm sure it's just a coincidence

    55. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      The Ancient Testament also says you shouldn't mix wool with linen or something like that. Quite often the rules exist for a reason or set of reasons which were forgotten with time and simply taken as gospel or whatever. I would probably cover my face in a sandstorm but the veil practices for muslim women go quite a bit further than this. There are some studies which point that solar exposure increases libido in women for example.

    56. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Considering how long we've been "socialized", my guess is that you'll be in the dark long before us.

      The EU was a primarily banking and trade experiment designed to fuck over the little guy and failed because ALL such corporatist experiments eventually fail. Just look to your own economy for an example of the same thing.

    57. Re:midnight by Knuckles · · Score: 1

      I agree in part. On the other hand the debt of the German state as a whole is 2,000 billion EUR, so it's not as if 100-200 billion are an insignificant amount at all. And of course you made that calculation for a mature state of the nuclear power production, when it already had secured a very important place in German power production partly due to earlier subsidization. Many of these subsidies were initial funding in a much earlier state, when the contributions to total power consumption were smaller. I'm too lazy to look up numbers and do the math, but the subsidization per kwh may have looked very different early in the industry's life cycle in the sixties, say - which would make more sense to compare to the subsidies per kwh for solar in its current early state.

      There are also other considations, IMHO, which are not reflected in the studies at all, not even Greenpeace's. I wrote about it in a sibling reply just a minute ago, so please excuse if I don't repeat it here. http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=2876563&cid=40127223

      --
      "When I first heard Daydream Nation it quite frankly scared the living shit out of me." -- Matthew Stearns
    58. Re:midnight by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      Germany is NOT a net exporter.

      Citation needed. According to all statistics I know, Germany is a net exporter of electricity (see eg data from 2010 on Wikipedia).

    59. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 2

      http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/275db4d0-6cdf-11df-91c8-00144feab49a.html

      There was a surge of subsidy-driven spending in Spain’s photovoltaic sector, with €23bn invested since 2002 – a quarter of that in 2008 alone. The annual cost of subsidies for all renewables reached €5bn last year and could hit €6.3bn this year.

      http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_round_up/465409/spanish_nighttime_solar_energy_fraud_unlikely_in_uk.html

      Spanish newspaper El Mundo found that between November and January, 4500 megawatt hours (MWh) of solar energy were sold to the electricity grid between midnight and seven in the morning. It has been suggested that some plants in the regions of Castilla-La-Mancha, Canarias and Andalucía have been using diesel generators connected to their solar panel arrays to illegally benefit from government subsidies.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Brazil

    60. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/d99ebe6c-b90d-11df-99be-00144feabdc0.html

      Germany’s energy companies are expected to give to the government part of the windfall profits generated by extending the lifetime of nuclear power stations, with the funds used to invest in renewable energy.

      ...

      Relations between the energy sector and government were soured by Berlin’s plans for raising €2.3bn ($2.9bn) a year via a tax on nuclear fuel rods – part of its separate attempts to reduce the country’s public sector deficit. This tax is now expected to be time limited.

      Nuclear is in fact subsidizing an anti-economic "renewable" energy expansion.

    61. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      FWIW you can nearly build an AP1000 nuclear reactor a year with that tax. Each reactor would generate 1154 MWe baseload power.

    62. Re:midnight by Knuckles · · Score: 1

      The numbers given before (80 to more than 200 billion) have already been paid to the nuclear industry. The fuel rod tax does not even exist yet. I don't know how you can spin that into nuclear "in fact" subsidizing renewable (quotes or not) energy sources.

      --
      "When I first heard Daydream Nation it quite frankly scared the living shit out of me." -- Matthew Stearns
    63. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      I didn't see the math for the renewable subsidies which dwarf those of nuclear. Particularly when you consider the amount of useful energy generated by them in a year is much less. If you were in the middle of the 1970s energy crisis wouldn't you have built the reactors? I would. In fact I would still build them today. Much better than burning lignite.

    64. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think it will always be like today: nuclear sites will be closed, but never cleaned up. The money allocated for cleanup will be just enough for keeping them reasonably save while they are closed, but the cleanup cost prediction will clime faster than the interest on the allocated money for cleanup, so it will never happen.

    65. Re:midnight by cycoj · · Score: 1

      Except for the fact that in deep winter (obviously not a time of large photovoltaics energy production) France was importing electricity from Germany. http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/service/winterkaelte-franzosen-brauchen-deutschen-strom-a-814008.html (sorry only found german sources for this)

    66. Re:midnight by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      People have to remember that many parts of the world (Germany, especially) actually uses *more* energy in the winter

      More energy - yes.
      More electricity - no.

      You don't suggest to put nuclear reactors into homes for heating, do you?

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    67. Re:midnight by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      Actually I have read a couple of studies on how such fabrics behave under intense sunlight. The performance is better than you would expect.

      My point was that I don't believe a country should base its energy policy on a culture that covers its women from head to toe.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    68. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I would like to sincerely thank you for both being polite and sincere, and for not saying, "citation needed"; unlike far too many slashdot morons do these days.

      Your reply came across as a sincere desire to learn more rather than a "Fuck you. I don't believe you. Prove it.", as is the majority of the cases where, "citation needed." is dumbly used by those who have no brains to even use it in proper context. Meaning, in almost every case when used on slashdot, the user can quickly be identified as a fucktard.

      On behalf of intelligent readers and humanity everywhere, we thank you. And no, this is not sarcasm.

    69. Re:midnight by gdshaw · · Score: 1

      Coal has the same optimization problems meeting the demand curve as renewables, but all that existing complexity is hidden when you plug the TV into the wall and it demonstrably 'just works'.

      You have the same basic issue of keeping supply and demand in balance, true, but that doesn't mean that the problems are comparably serious or equally tractable.

      The two big problems with wind and solar PV are that (a) you have no control over when you can generate electricity and (b) the variations are correlated over large geographic areas. To work round that you either need a very large amount of storage capacity (infeasibly large in most locations using current technology), or backup from a dispatchable generating technology (probably gas - not as bad as coal, but still not sustainable).

      Solve the storage problem then wind and PV become much more interesting. Otherwise they may still make sense as a small percentage of the mix but they cannot be considered scalable.

      Solar thermal goes some way towards solving the diurnal problem, but not the seasonal problem. Hydro is great because you can use it for storage, but most of the viable sites are already in use. Geothermal power is good for baseload, but has geographical constraints and isn't as green as you might think. That leaves nuclear power, or if that is considered unacceptable for political reasons, fossil fuels (as we are currently seeing in Germany).

    70. Re:midnight by arisvega · · Score: 1

      The fabric needs to have small holes so sweat can vent out and given those hole dimensions black fabric actually behaved better than white fabric

      Natural selection, eh?

      --
      The three laws of thermodynamics:(1) You can't win. (2) You can't break even. (3) You can't even quit.
    71. Re:midnight by camperdave · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Very true. Here in Canada, people often rave about how we could be using solar power; they just don't get it. Solar power is not an efficient solution in Canada, wind power makes far more sense.

      Berlin, Germany is further north than Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Calgary, Ottawa, Montreal, Halifax, Charlottetown, Fredricton, and Regina. Furthermore, each of these cities receives an average of 30% more solar energy than Berlin, some as high as 60% more. So, given that our populations live at roughly the same latitudes, and we have more area in which to deploy solar, and we get more sun, why would solar be okay for Germany, but not for Canada?

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    72. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, graphite moderated reactor designs are coming back into fashion now... nothing can go wrong with those.

    73. Re:midnight by aaarrrgggh · · Score: 1

      Not sure about Germany, but Sweden the peak electrical demand is winter evenings.

      Distributed solar generation is a fantastic solution when it can offset peak demand. When it doesn't to that, all it offsets is the marginal operating cost of other sources of production, which in economic terms is inefficient.

    74. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So how much is it when it is raining or cloudy?

      Good point. I'm sure none of the otherwise-brilliant people working on these systems has considered that it gets cloudy sometimes. Glad we've got the brilliant minds at slashdot to expose their folly.

      Or maybe they have, and know we need smart grids and better energy storage mechanisms to go with solar power generation, just as thermal systems use molten salt loops, etc. to collect power for off-hour use.

    75. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, because only good ideas come from Germany! (this is a godwin point)

    76. Re:midnight by chrb · · Score: 2

      We could have gotten 100% of Europe's electricity

      He didn't say 100% of Europe's electricity - he was referring to Germany's (nuclear generated?) electricity. 203.7 billion Euros ($255 billion) would buy a lot of solar panels. I don't know if that would be enough to match whatever German electricity production figure the OP was referring to, perhaps someone will work it out.

      shipped it with a 50% loss across half the globe

      No, 15%:

      An organization called DESERTEC [www.desertec.org] is promoting a plan to use concentrating solar power in sunny Mediterranean countries, and high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission lines (figure 25.7) to deliver the power to cloudier northern parts. HVDC technology has been in use since 1954 to transmit power both through overhead lines and through submarine cables (such as the interconnector between France and England). It is already used to transmit electricity over 1000-km distances in South Africa, China, America, Canada, Brazil, and Congo. A typical 500 kV line can transmit a power of 2 GW. A pair of HVDC lines in Brazil transmits 6.3 GW.

      HVDC is preferred over traditional high-voltage AC lines because less physical hardware is needed, less land area is needed, and the power losses of HVDC are smaller. The power losses on a 3500 km-long HVDC line, including conversion from AC to DC and back, would be about 15%. A further advantage of HVDC systems is that they help stabilize the electricity networks to which they are connected.

    77. Re:midnight by Cyberax · · Score: 1

      Yup. Germany has switched from energy exporter to weak energy importer with the shutdown of nuclear powerplants which your data omits. 2012 will be the first year with net imports.

      Here's a link to a relevant chart: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energiemarkt#Entwicklung_der_Stromhandelsbilanz - notice how the power balance fell in 2011.

      But don't worry! Greenpeace has a plan for it - build more dirty coal powerplants: http://www.thelocal.de/national/20110713-36277.html

    78. Re:midnight by KDR_11k · · Score: 1

      France has an even higher electricity usage increase during the winter because the French heat with electricity (Germans mostly use oil or gas). Their nuke plants can't keep up with the demand during winter so they have to import.

      --
      Justice is the sheep getting arrested while an impartial judge declares the vote void.
    79. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 2

      Sorry, your peak times are wrong. You assume private households are responsible or peaks, that is not the case, it is the industry.
      Peaktimes are roughly from 9am till 5pm.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    80. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Perhaps you should inform your self a bit more before ranting.
      Germany exports more power to france than it imports.
      We don't just burn "low quality" coal as you claim it but we also filter the exhaust of coal power plants.
      Regarding "living close to a german? nuclear plant" ... they are not as safe as you might assume. Incidents are common. Published they get 10 years later when a journalist reveals it. Do you really think you can get away if something serious is happening? They won't even tell you after you are dead ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    81. Re:midnight by bsdewhurst · · Score: 1
      I suggest that you check the link that I supplied it shows the total consumption for for an entire country (both industry and residential), if the consumption for the day is not showing much look at the 3 hourly generation for that last 24 hours. Yes 9am till 5pm is higher that at night but it also shows that the two highest periods are those I gave. I am not assuming that residential consumption is responsible for those peaks it is as I mentioned in another post the times when some people are at home and others still at work and therefore the power is on in both places that is the peak.

      If you can back up your claims with proof like I have I will be willing to accept that some countries have a different load profile.

      Also don't assume that all industry runs from 9am to 5pm, I know of at least two places which run all of the equipment overnight to get the cheapest energy.

      My profession: writing and supporting utility billing software, I have setup the tariffs, I have seen the half hourly meter readings, I know what I am talking about here.

    82. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      transmission losses are 7%, 8% up to 15% depending on distance and technology. Not 50%.
      Terrorrists ... well, in older times they where called freedom fighters.
      If you would not steal their resources or bribe their governments into supporting *your* wars they would not fight you now.
      The whole Afghanistan situation is an US made one starting late 1970s ... they are not terrorists, they just have 1000nds of reasons to hate you.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    83. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      There is a difference. Nuclear power is subsidized by the government. That is tax money.
      Solar and Wind and other renewables are subsidized by the power consumers. That is power consumers money.
      I have no influence on the tax amount that is given to the nuclear companies for ... nothing?
      I have lots of influence on the money given to solar and wind power generators: by saving power.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    84. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Germany does not need base load power plants, we need peak load and load following plants and storage, or have to sell excess energy or have to "burn" it.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    85. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      This is the reason why france is a nett power buyer from germany. They fill "over daytime"! their pumped storage plants with german excess power.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    86. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      This is the most stupid argument ever.

      Everything can scale.

      Do you really think the first nuclear reactors where gigawatt behemoths?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    87. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Germany is NOT a net exporter.
      Germany IS a net exporter. Always was and likely will always be.
      Even now while all nuclear plants are shut down we export still over 15% of our production.
      However, it's one of the main Central European electricity transit countries.
      This only shows: you have no clue how electric grids work.
      Whole Europe from Portugal, via Germany, Greece, Turkey (not europe), up to east siberia (not europe) and Mongolia (not europe) and Scandinavia is all interconnected in a huge power grid.
      Everybody is a transit land, importer and exporter depending on daytime.
      You can google for that ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    88. Re:midnight by Cyberax · · Score: 1

      Nope. This year Germany is going to be a net importer (albeit not a large importer). Interconnectedness does not matter per se, no electricity from Germany is used in East Siberia and vice versa. Simply because of huge transmission losses. It's rare for electric power to be used more than a thousand kilometers from its source. And notion of transit countries is very much real and Germany is one of them. Or do you think that current simply goes through the air?

    89. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1


      The two big problems with wind and solar PV are that (a) you have no control over when you can generate electricity and (b) the variations are correlated over large geographic areas. To work round that you either need a very large amount of storage capacity (infeasibly large in most locations using current technology), or backup from a dispatchable generating technology (probably gas - not as bad as coal, but still not sustainable).

      The problem with your argumentation is that you simply don't know how power grids work.
      I would suggest that /. ers would read some european wikipedia articles about it.
      E.g. the large geographic area is completely irrelevant regarding power production. It does not matter whether:
      a) sun is unexpectedly reduced so you produce less power than expected and have to power up a gas plant
      b) wind is unexpectedly reduced so you have to power up a water plant (does not matter if it is pumped storage or not)
      c) a nuclear plant is failing and you have to power up a gas plant or water plant

      WTF it is all the same and your grid is already built to handle it!

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    90. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That! Most people don't realize that most of western Europe is significantly further north than most of north America. For example, Rome is further north than New York.

    91. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      The current goes through the power line. It does not matter where the line is.
      If Norway is sending power to Spain and the line happens to be over germany, it is physically speaking not transmitted through german. The german "grid" has nothing to do with it. High voltage european interconnections can not really be called national transit. After all there is no "entrance" and no "exit".
      Wether germany will be a net importer is still to be seen ... it is very very unlikely that we will be importing this year.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    92. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      My profession: writing and supporting utility billing software, I have setup the tariffs, I have seen the half hourly meter readings, I know what I am talking about here.

      I do the same :D working for EnBW http://www.enbw.com/ :D

      In germany high power demand is not from households but from the industries and other businesses.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    93. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      There is a common misconception that nuclear reactors cannot be turned off or throttled except every other year. However the French turn off their nuclear reactors and use the heated water to keep power generation going for a certain amount of time as a common operation. If you want storage you are going to increase total system costs for the renewables which were already more expensive than nuclear and coal to begin with.

    94. Re:midnight by ElronAven · · Score: 1

      The BIG problem will be how the govt taxes electric vehicles versus gas/diesel. Taxing at the pump is easy. Distinguishing between electrons used for vehicles and those used for other purposes more likely to draw ire is harder.

    95. Re:midnight by bsdewhurst · · Score: 1
      I still believe that you will find overall the morning and evening peaks that I was talking about, but I will accept that there may be localised places where 9-5 factories make up the bulk of of the demand, of course adding a second shift at a factory changes it's demand profile. I am not saying you are wrong I just have never seen that profile before. I couldn't find a similar site to mine for Germany, but the UK and Australia do show similar profiles to NZ, for example in NSW, AU for the first week of April this week peak demand was at 18:30 each day.

      If you go back to my original link you will see that the country is broken down into four areas. Upper North has half the population and the usual mix of industry, paper mills, steel refinery, oil refinery, a large number of dairy factories all of which operate extended hours, day time demand peaks morning and night but during the day demand is twice what it is at night.

      However if you look at Lower South, there is only ~200,000 people and one of the largest aluminium smelters in the world day demand is only 30% higher than night but you still have the clear morning and night peaks.

      As I said I know of industries that feel it is cheaper to pay people to work nights and get cheap electricity then run the factory during the day.

    96. Re:midnight by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      You really need to read more about coal and lignite vs anthracite etc. Coal is filthy regardless of which kind you use but some are worse than others. Lignite (aka brown coal) is just about the worst kind of coal you can burn. Scrubbers are not perfect and cannot remove all the impurities from burning lignite.

      Looking at these stats: http://www.iea.org/stats/electricitydata.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=DE

      There is more energy being generated in Germany burning natural gas (probably Russian) than all the renewables combined. Most electricity comes from burning coal and the fraction is only going to increase after the nuclear reactors get shut down. Or didn't you read about the plan for building new coal power plants in Germany?

    97. Re:midnight by dave87656 · · Score: 1

      But Germany reaching their goal of solar providing for 1/3 of their power would be an impressive feat.

      This is true and I think it's great. But, like in Canada, in Germany wind is a much more efficient solution that is already price competitive in with coal and nuclear. You see a lot of wind mills popping up by private investors that are making money without government subvention.

    98. Re:midnight by dave87656 · · Score: 1

      Just wait until electric cars become popular. Then we'll have a problem.

      Solar and Wind are not a complete solution, at least not until you can store electricity efficiently. You still need sources which output can be controlled, such as coal. But you can reduce your total CO2 output (and your dependency on foreign sources) by a lot.

      It reminds me of a /. discussion where one poster believed that bicycles were every bit as bad as cars (as far as the environment was concerned) because you need oil for a bike just like you do for a car. The point is, it doesn't have to completely eliminate fossil fuels but if it can reduce them by half it's a great help.

    99. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is not interesting. People will be using their cars during the day, not charging them (maybe charging them at work, but they will still do the majority of their driving during daylight hours even in a world where every parking lot in every office is equipped to charge all of their employees cars). The majority of charging will be done at night. When there is no sun. It doesn't solve the storage problem at all, exacerbates it.

    100. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe you forgot that the US is (basically) Germany's military.

    101. Re:midnight by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      Germany still was a net exporter in 2011. You expect that will no longer be true in 2012, but right now, that's just a prediction.

      Also, look at the chart: Germany only started to be a consistent exporter in 2003, so there's obviously a need to panic: Can you still remember the big blackouts of the 80s and 90s?</sarcasm>

    102. Re:midnight by lightbounce · · Score: 1

      But the real problem is how much coal, natural gas, etc. do you have to keep on reserve even if you don't use it. For example, your windmills may be capable of providing 50% of your needs, but if the wind doesn't blow you need backup. Solar is more predictable, but you still get cloudy days and seasonal patterns. Keeping power plants in reserve is very expensive. All you save when you don't use them is the fuel. You might try massively overbuilding wind and solar, but that still increases the cost per delivered KWH.

    103. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Two words: Harper and Alberta... this should answere you question

    104. Re:midnight by ericloewe · · Score: 1

      Nuclear can reduce them by 100%

    105. Re:midnight by Cyberax · · Score: 1

      Uhm. I hate to say, but you know nothing about power transmission. First, it matters very much where consumer and producer are located if power is transmitted over AC power lines simply because transit countries have to apply phase corrections to keep phases in sync. And phase shifters very much care about distances between producer and consumer. Then there's N+1 redundancy requirement and synchronization issues.

    106. Re:midnight by Toshito · · Score: 1

      Because the average low temp in Berlin in January is -1.5ÂC.

      In Montreal, the average low is -15ÂC, with an average HIGH of -6ÂC.

      We often see several days below -20ÂC, and I've personnaly seen -37ÂC (with a wind chill factor of -50ÂC).

      The electric heating in my appartment works at full capacity 24h a day when it's -30ÂC, and it's barely able to keep the interior temp above 20ÂC.

      So being further up north doesn't means colder weather.

      --
      Try it! Library of Babel
    107. Re:midnight by Cyberax · · Score: 1

      Duh. They're turned off nuclear power plants in August/September, so they are net exporter because nuclear power plants worked through most of the year.

    108. Re:midnight by Dahamma · · Score: 1

      Germany is getting rid of all of their nuclear power and replacing it with solar (and this article was pointing out how "great" that solar power is doing).

      The point was eliminating direct fossil fuel burning like natural gas or oil (which long term needs to happen regardless of how electricity is generated) in exchange for electrical heating makes the electricity needs even higher when solar power production is at a low.

      Did you even RTFA or the GP post?

    109. Re:midnight by Dahamma · · Score: 1

      Yeah, and good luck importing from Germany once they shut down all of their nuke plants and think solar plants are going to do any good on a cold January night in France :)

    110. Re:midnight by whrrr · · Score: 0

      Well, I can't speak for the Canadian coasts, but for the 'sunny' prairies, it has to do with snow cover for 25-40% of the year combined with the economics of abundantly available fossil fuels.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary#Climate
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin#Climate

    111. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      You are mistaken.
      Distance has nothing to do with phase shifts.
      Furthermore the different levels/layers of voltage are synched at the connection points. And finally: transit countries have nothing to do at all, as the lines not connected to the transit countries. They just go through them.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    112. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Most new coal plants are old plans and are used to replace old plants Partly to replace dirty brown coal plants.

      Scrubbers are perfect enough in germany that coal plants are basically sitting in the middle of the towns.

      Your claim that we is use more russian gas (and what the fuck is your problem with the fact that the gas comes from russia? That are 30 year old contracts!) for power production than we use renewables is completely nonsense. Gas is mainly used for heating, not for power production.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    113. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      This link is german, but I guess you can interpret the picture :D

      http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Stromnetz_Lastkurve.png

      I was only trying to point out that the actual peak varies from country to country, and is not really relevant regarding power production discussions.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    114. Re:midnight by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      A new renewable plant delivers power that is more expensive than an old written of coal or nuclear plant.

      A new nuclear plant or coal plant is similar expensive ....

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    115. Re:midnight by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      They're turned off nuclear power plants in August/September, so they are net exporter because nuclear power plants worked through most of the year.

      That's factually wrong. Dates of shutdown of the reactors under consideration:

      • Unterweser: 2011-03-18
      • Krümmel: 2009-07-04
      • Biblis A: 2011-03-18
      • Biblis B: 2011-03-18
      • Philippsburg 1: 2011-03-17
      • Isar/Ohu 1: 2011-03-17
      • Neckarwestheim 1: 2011-03-17
      • Brunsbüttel: 2007-07-21

      Now, take a loook at the import/export 2011-03 - 2012-02. It's not obvious what the result will be at the end of the year.

    116. Re:midnight by gdshaw · · Score: 1

      The problem with your argumentation is that you simply don't know how power grids work.

      Read what I actually said in my post, then consider the fact that whereas 5-10% wind or solar PV can be equated to taking a handful of coal/gas/nuclear plants offline for maintenance, 50-100% is an entirely different proposition.

      Yes you can use gas for backup, if you don't mind using fossil fuels and having a very large amount of spare generating capacity.

      No you can't solve the problem with hydroelectric power (except for a few highly-favourable locations like Norway) due to lack of suitable sites.

      I really hope that we solve these problems someday, but fear it is wishful thinking to imagine that we can do so now.

    117. Re:midnight by Cyberax · · Score: 1

      Ok. Let's wait until 2013 - I'm pretty sure Germany is going to become reliant on imports again. Especially on imports of baseline power.

    118. Re:midnight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are their guesstimates as accurate here as they where for the Apple datacenter?

      http://apple.slashdot.org/story/12/05/19/145259/apple-commits-to-100-renewable-energy-sources-for-nc-data-center

  2. It's Just Gigawatts by Savantissimo · · Score: 4, Informative

    It's just gigawatts, not gigawatts per hour.

    --
    "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" - Patrick Henry
    1. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by DoofusOfDeath · · Score: 1

      It's just gigawatts, not gigawatts per hour.

      I was thinking that. Maybe they meant that average power output, over one hour, was 22 GW?

    2. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Trepidity · · Score: 4, Informative

      A lot of people seem to intuitively like to think of energy capacity in terms of energy generated per hour, which seems to be what causes the confusion. You can use Joules per hour, but J aren't used conventionally in electricity generation; instead watt-hours, kilowatt-hours, and gigawatt-hours are used. But then if you want to talk about energy generation per unit time, you'd talk about how many gigawatt-hours per hour are being generated, GW*hr/hr. Which is of course just gigawatts. But now you have something that doesn't sound like "energy per hour" again, unless you know that a watt is a unit of power, and that power is already energy over time.

    3. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I was wondering about this too. I looked up wikipedia and it said this:

      "Watts per hour properly refers to the change of power per hour. Watts per hour (W/h) might be useful to characterize the ramp-up behavior of power plants. For example, a power plant that reaches a power output of 1 MW from 0 MW in 15 minutes has a ramp-up rate of 4 MW/h."

      I don't know why this is most relevant metric when talking about power production. Watts per hour seem to be useful when determining of peak demand can be handled but not in this case (and the reuters article kept referring to watts per hour).

    4. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by rrohbeck · · Score: 0

      Yup. I refuse to read any article that starts with an obvious science fail. It can't be anything but a waste of time or, worse, misinformation.
      Not saying that the German solar program isn't a great story, but hard economic numbers are almost impossible to find.

    5. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's just gigawatts, not gigawatts per hour.

      Unless it was an acceleration ;-)

    6. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Someone truncated the sentence and removed the information. It could be averaged over the one hour in the mid afternoon. Or could be the device can only work one hour at a time.

      People that can't do science ended up in reporting and can't even get it right. This is not unlike people that say their internet speed is 10MB without knowing that's a unit of file size and not speed and should have been small 'b' for bit. 10 Megabyte? How long does that take?

    7. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Great Scot! That's heavy.

    8. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Deadstick · · Score: 1

      A contestant on Are You Smarter Than a Fifth-Grader? once got the question "How many watts are there in a kilowatt-hour?"...

    9. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Most likely it's gigawatt-hours, refering to total amount of energy produced during the quoted time period.
      Check the units :

      1Watt = 1 Joule per second [J/s]
      1Watt-hour = 1 Watt * 1 hour = 3600 Joules
      1 Gigawatt-hour = 1e9 Watt-hour = 3.6e12 Joules of energy

      So a 22 Gigawatt-hours of energy produced per hour is same as ~8e13 Joules of energy per hour. That's a lot of energy!

      BTW Getting 22 Gigawatt instantaneous power output is not too hard provided it's over a nice short time period (microseconds) - just use a bunch of capacitors.

    10. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by NemoinSpace · · Score: 4, Funny

      I have only about a 1 in 10 success rate of explaining the difference between Power and Energy to people who don't know the difference.
      Not because I am bad at teaching.
      Usually I get through the first part, and then ask myself - "Why am I doing this to myself again?
      Then I switch the subject to sports.
      everyone walks away happy.

    11. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by dgatwood · · Score: 1

      I like to explain it in terms of humans. A watt is an instantaneous unit of power. It represents a resource that is available to do work at any given point of time. In much the same way, a company has employees. They are resources that are available to do work at any given point in time, and each employee can do roughly a fixed amount of work in a given period of time. If a company has ten employees working during the day, assuming an eight-hour work day, it gets eighty employee-hours of work done. If it needs to get more than that amount of work done, it must either increase the number of employees (the wattage available) or increase the period of time over which it does the work (longer hours).

      Sadly, this explanation fails to account for folks who reply that they can also make the machine more efficient so that it does more work per watt—work smarter, not harder, and all that—at which point most people end up working longer hours and fudging the hours on their timecards. But I digress.

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    12. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by dgatwood · · Score: 2

      Easy. 1000 hours. Wait, what?

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    13. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by dgatwood · · Score: 2

      Or, to make the obligatory joke... Wait, watt?

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    14. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hope you don't teach for a living.

    15. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by trout007 · · Score: 1

      I'm a mechanical engineer and here is how I would explain it in layman's terms

      Force is how much something pushes against something else. Measured in Newtons
      Work is multiplying that force by how far you push it. Measured in Newton-meter or Joule
      Energy is similar to work and is how much work is stored in an object. So say you applied a certain amount of Work to an object to get it moving. Once you let go it that work is the same as the energy stored in the moving object.
      Power is how fast you apply that work Joule/second or Watt

      So the capacity of the plant is measured in Power Watt. How much energy the plant put out in an hour would be measured in Joules.

      --
      I love Jesus, except for his foreign policy.
    16. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      GWh is simply a unit of energy.

    17. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by fnj · · Score: 2

      Why do these anecdotal "people" find it easier to visualize "energy per unit of time" than "power"?

      One joule is one watt times one second? It's more relatable for most people to visualize one watt for one hour than one watt for one second. A joule is a ridiculously small unit of energy. One joule is 2.78x1E-7 kWh - if the electric bill they receive says they used 1000 kWh, that's 3.6 million joules. If they pay for electricity, they're more used to the unit kWh.

    18. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Trepidity · · Score: 3, Informative

      I'm not arguing specifically for Joules, just that in most cases when a rate is used, it's explicit: miles-per-hour, km/hr, m^3/s. Power is a somewhat odd case because a derived unit, J/s, is given its own name, W, which wraps the fact that it's a rate into the unit, "burying" the per-unit-time portion of the unit, rather than keeping it explicitly written out as in km/hr or m^3/s.

    19. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Moldiver · · Score: 4, Informative

      Exactly, the original german data said that on Friday, 25th in the hour between 12 and 13 the average output of solar power was 22.145 Megawatt (MW) or roughly 22GW.

      Windmill output in the same time was 4378MW. Was not a very windy day in germany. At least around Frankfurt...

    20. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Arancaytar · · Score: 1

      I guess they meant gigawatt hours per hour. :P

      In other news, the speed of light is one lightyear annually.

    21. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by gtbritishskull · · Score: 2

      You said it yourself. They are more used to the unit kWh. Most people either did not take physics in school or do not remember it. Most do not know the difference between kW and kWh (they will say kilowatt-hour but then shorten it to kilowatt later in the conversation). Not defending TFS or TFA, they should get it right. But the parent is right in that most people think in terms of energy per unit time, mainly because that is what they pay for.

    22. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So what do they use at night?

    23. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by cvtan · · Score: 1

      Please don't let my wife see units like kW/h and gigawatts per hour. We once got in a big argument about this while I was using a Kill-a-Watt power meter. A Watt is a unit of power=energy/time. 1 Watt-Sec = 1 Joule. There is no kW/h. This mistake seems to happen over and over! And the W for Watt should be capitalized, and the k for kilo should be lower case. Units matter. I once wrote up a tech report that quoted some generated power as 100mW. A colleague created a patent from the report that ended up saying "100MW". It was immediately classified by the military, so I wasn't allowed to see my own invention. Sigh.

      --
      Sorry, but gray text on gray background is making my eyes bleed.
    24. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by colinrichardday · · Score: 1

      But 10Mb isn't a speed. It should be 10Mb/sec. Of course, maybe it was 10MB/sec.

    25. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      I sounds right beacuse Watts per hour implies you have squred the time unit and are now measuring the growth or acceleration of watts. However it won't change the dollar amount amount on the bill, so the whole thing is a mathematical curiosity to me.

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
    26. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Savantissimo · · Score: 2

      1000kWh is actually 3.6 billion Joules. (Or 3.6 milliard Joules if you're using that logical European system which no one in the US understands.)

      --
      "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" - Patrick Henry
    27. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by khallow · · Score: 1

      just that in most cases when a rate is used, it's explicit

      So why treat all cases like most cases? There's a very good reason for the "watt" as a label. It is intrinsic to most electrical devices. A toaster or a electrical generator can use or generate a fixed amount of power in normal use. This number is independent of what it's used for. But energy consumed or generated depends on how long the device has been running. So we have a label for a common property that just so happens to be one syllable long. "joules per second" is three syllables long and doesn't add anything to our understanding of the watt.

      Further "burying" the per-unit-time thing is very common. That's why we use joules and watts instead of kilogram-meters per second-sqared (or cubed respectively).

    28. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      That's because power is a non-intuitive unit. It's like if you talked about speed in terms of gargleflaps. My car can do 220 gargleflaps. If I drive 100 gargleflaps I can make it in two hours. Instead we use intuitive units, like km/h. J/h would be a much better common measure of power but somehow we got stuck on watts. And then we go and do completely insane things like talk about kilowatt hours.

    29. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by DrNoNo · · Score: 1

      As I see it, it is unfamiliarity with several concepts. In general, people will be much more comfortable with understanding Horsepower as a rate of delivery of work and will probably have a better understanding of Horsepower than Watts in terms of meaning, quite aside from the question of the magnitudes. I doubt that the majority know that Horsepower and Watts represent the same type of quantity in the way that metres and feet do. But even when people understand Horsepower, they are mostly stumped on relating it to energy - only remembering that it was something dealt with in an otherwise forgotten physics lesson. Journalists are universally flummoxed. Having said that, I am surprised it passed muster for Slashdot.

    30. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by joe_frisch · · Score: 1

      This is really important because it is possible to be deceptive by using sloppy language. Variable power sources (like wind and solar) are often quoted in watts, but is that peak? average over a day? average over a year? It can be a big (>X5) difference. Its fair to quote PEAK watts, or watt-hours over some period of time (hour, day year).

      To be clear.

      A watt is a unit of power. It tells you at any instant how much power is being generated or used. For solar and wind it is very important to describe whether this is peak or average. A 1GW peak solar plant would not be able to replace a 1GW coal or nuclear plant because it can only produce that much power under ideal conditions, presumably noon on a summer day with clear skies.

      A watt-hour is a unit of energy. It tells you the energy used over some period of time. If you talk about the watt-hours, or giga-watt hours a plant produces in a year, you have what is in most cases a better model.

      The is an exception for peak usage, where a variable power source happens to be able to produce power when demand is higher. Then you need to look at the entire generation mix to see what that is worth.

    31. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      1,000 for one hour, 500 for two hours, 250 for four hours, and so on.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    32. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by fnj · · Score: 1

      Absolutely correct. Dropped the 1000 there.

    33. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Total electricity usage was about 35 GW, so they where running 75% on PV+wind. I'm very impressed with the stability of the German electricity grid.

    34. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      But energy per unit time is power. So you cannot prefer one to the other any more that you can prefer pork to meat from pigs.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    35. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by kju · · Score: 1

      There is no "kW/h", but there IS "kWh" which is actually the unit my utility company measures and bills my usage in (currently 0,234 EUR per kWh).

      Likewise it should be "gigawatthours", not "gigawatts per hour". But then it makes perfectly sense. If my device has a power usage of 1 kW and I let it running for an hour, well it's 1 kWh.

    36. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Old+Wolf · · Score: 1

      It's completely unclear from the article whether they mean:

          * 22 GWh produced over the period in question
          * 22 GW average production over the period in question
          * 22 GW peak production over the period in question

      I have seen journalists change "unit-hours" to "units per hour" before, perhaps failing to understand the unit and assuming that the "missing per" was a typo; so I'd actually favour the first of these options. It's hard to imagine a solar plant generating 20x as much electricity as a nuclear plant.

    37. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Old+Wolf · · Score: 1

      IYTM 1000 for one hour, 2000 for two hours, 4000 for four hours..

    38. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Old+Wolf · · Score: 1

      edit: checking other resources shows that they meant 22 GW peak production.

    39. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      No. 2000 Watts for two hours is 4kWh. 4000W for four hours is 16kWh. Neither four nor sixteen equals one.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    40. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I guess the same as the number of miles per hour in a distance of 1000 miles. :-)

    41. Re:It's Just Gigawatts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes but you would expect those responsible for posting on slashdot to know the difference between power and energy. I cant immagine nerds not knowing such a basic thing. Unfortunately these are the same folks who get worked up against fracking and the likes. And the same ones who still secretly think there is a conspiracy against the car that runs on water. Fuckin ignorant tree huggers. There.

  3. The Winter of our Disconnect by SuperKendall · · Score: 3, Informative

    That's awesome! For summer...

    I don't know how many of you have been to Germany, but it has a LONG winter, with heavy clouds going well into spring. Some places on earth it makes sense to try to fall back so heavily on solar, but Germany is not that place. They are SCREWED come the next long winter. They are either going to be paying out the nose for France's nuclear power, or having quite a lot of rolling blackouts...

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    1. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by PolygamousRanchKid+ · · Score: 3, Funny

      Germany has a long term plan to eliminate the long winter problem:

      Global Warming.

      --
      Schroedinger's Brexit: The UK is both in and out of the EU at the same time!
    2. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      Sorry to disappoint you - sentences exactly like this have been spewing from the nuclear industry since the decision. Coupled with many scenarios of doom that would happen as soon as the first nuclear power generators were disconnected. Coupled with how the power price would immediately increase (it fell since then, even though the industry tried to keep it up).

      And you know what - nothing happened. Germany is happily exporting power (even to the french with all their nuclear power. Because on really hot and cold days they do not have enough capacity. Kind of funny when thinking about it ) - and there are even some gas power plants that are being abandoned because we still have too much capacity (they are not viable at the current power prices).

      So - no, we are not screwed in the next long winter, we will not be needing french nuclear power and we certainly won't be seing rolling blackouts.

    3. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      This winter, dispite germany having shut down nuclear reactors, it was france importing electricity from germany. Not the other way around. the french have a bigger problem with cold winters, since they are using electrical heating excessively

      Link regarding france importing electricity from germany:
      http://climatecrocks.com/2012/02/14/renewables-helped-france-avoid-freezing-in-the-dark/

    4. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by Chrisq · · Score: 0, Troll

      Germany has a long term plan to eliminate the long winter problem:

      Global Warming.

      Germany has a history of long term planning. Remember the "thousand year reich".

    5. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by rrohbeck · · Score: 4, Interesting

      As opposed to US politics, there is a consensus in German politics. Namely that politics is for the benefit of the people and society. Business is a part of that society, not the other way around.

    6. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by tomhath · · Score: 5, Informative

      It's premature to say what the net effect will be. There are time when Germany has a net surplus and exports to France (because Russian natural gas is more expensive than surplus German electricity). There are also times when Germany imports French power because French nukes keep cranking out the power around the clock and their economy is in the tank compared to Germany's.

    7. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by jbeaupre · · Score: 2

      I don't know how many of you have been to Germany, but it has a nighttime too.

      --
      The world is made by those who show up for the job.
    8. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by Jeremi · · Score: 1

      Germany has a long term plan to eliminate the long winter problem: Global Warming.

      I'm not sure that's going to pan out. Solar panels generate power from light, not heat. (adding heat actually reduces the amount of power they can generate)

      --


      I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
    9. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by Surt · · Score: 1

      The lesson there would seem to be: you cannot account for all externalities. And thus, long term planning is generally useless.

      --
      "Who is the Journal of Quantum Physics going to believe?" --Stephen Hawking
    10. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      People should also pay attention to the effect of energy prices: Germany has high electricity prices. If electricity is used for heat, it's in low-energy (well-insulated) houses and with heat pumps. France has cheap electricity. The pressure to use the electricity efficiently isn't there, so the French have much less insulated houses and resistive electric heating, which is less efficient than heat pumps, is ubiquitous. In cold winters, France has energy shortages, in spite of the numerous nuclear power plants. Their cheap electricity policy has caused a very seasonal energy need, for which nuclear power is far from ideal. To meet peak demand, they have to build so much capacity that they end up having to sell the surplus very cheaply most of the time.

    11. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by aix+tom · · Score: 2

      They are also very efficient, it seems. They only needed about a decade to get the "thousand year reich" done from start to finish.

    12. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's awesome! For summer...

      I don't know how many of you have been to Germany, but it has a LONG winter, with heavy clouds going well into spring. Some places on earth it makes sense to try to fall back so heavily on solar, but Germany is not that place. They are SCREWED come the next long winter. They are either going to be paying out the nose for France's nuclear power, or having quite a lot of rolling blackouts...

      Not all of the electromagnetic spectrum is blocked by clouds, FYI

    13. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by MrQuacker · · Score: 1

      They decided killing everyone was not the way to global dominance. So they bankrupted everyone and are now just buying them out.

    14. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Some winter days are ok, try for example 17 January 2012: http://www.sma.de/en/company/pv-electricity-produced-in-germany.html (calender setting in bottom right).
      6,6 GW peak is not much, but by next winter they will have installed a lot more panels than last winter.

    15. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      No, it clearly means that Germany started to develop God-like time control: While not having reached anywhere the level of God (for whom a thousand years are just one day) it at least managed a thousand years to be just twelve years. :-)

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    16. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Bankrupting everyone is actually the American way. After all, it was not in Germany where lots of people lost their homes in the financial crisis.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    17. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by mjwalshe · · Score: 1

      mm that is the theory but as will all list based pr systems its far more for the benefit of time severs and technocrats and special interests - Germanys anti nuke decision is mainly to keep the current collation in power by paying off a tiny number of green MP's

    18. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      You know, in winter germany has much more wind than in summer ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    19. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by rrohbeck · · Score: 1

      That's stupid. The Greens aren't even part of the government, they are in the opposition.
      The decision to shut down nuclear power was because Merkel could see that she was doomed after Fukushima if she didn't do it, the polls were so much in favor. Remember that was just weeks after the government had decided to extend the run time of older reactors, a decision that was considered a colossal mistake.

    20. Re:The Winter of our Disconnect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      THIS winter was quite long and really freaking cold.
      And in that week with many -20C days we've been really close to blackout. But that didn't get much media coverage.

  4. What nonsense units. by SubstormGuy · · Score: 2

    There is no such thing as GW/hr. Maybe they hit 22 GW of solar power. For how long? How much energy was actually delivered?

    1. Re:What nonsense units. by DoofusOfDeath · · Score: 1

      Well, it the 22 GW was the average output over some hour, then it's:

      (2.2E10 Watts ) * (3.6E3 seconds) = 7.92E13 Joules.

      I think.

    2. Re:What nonsense units. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative
    3. Re:What nonsense units. by Shoten · · Score: 2, Informative

      Actually, there is such a thing as GW/hr. Look at your electric bill...the measurement unit used there is kWh, or "kilowatt hour." One thousand of those is a GWh, or gigawatt hour. But that's a measure akin to volume; what is being discussed here is more like flow, so it's not accurate to call it that. Unless they're monkeying with the math...saying that a car reached "300 miles" in speed, letting us insert the "per hour" in our minds when in reality it went 15 MPH for 20 hours. More likely, they're just getting the terms slightly confused.

      --

      For your security, this post has been encrypted with ROT-13, twice.
    4. Re:What nonsense units. by SubstormGuy · · Score: 3

      Sorry, but you are wrong. Energy (in MKS units) is measured in joules, where 1 joule = 1 kgm^2/s^2. A watt is a unit of power (P=dE/dt) so 1 watt = 1 joule/s. A kilowatt hour is = (1000 j/s)(3600 s) = 3,600,000 joules. A kWhr (or a GWhr) is a unit of energy. A GW/hr is the unit that would be associated with the time rate of change of power, which is not a physical quantity of any interest here. So, yes, nonsense units.

    5. Re:What nonsense units. by SubstormGuy · · Score: 2

      Right. But we are not told how long they actually sustained this level of solar power generation.

    6. Re:What nonsense units. by rrohbeck · · Score: 2

      So multiplication is the same as division?
      Fail.

    7. Re:What nonsense units. by Shoten · · Score: 1, Informative

      No...because what they are talking about here is generation capacity. Generation capacity isn't measured in terms of units alone, but in terms of rate of delivery. This is important because generation and load have to stay in balance; that's a HUGE challenge with renewable resources like solar and wind, where environmental factors can cause generation to drop with little or no warning. It's also a challenge because peak load is what the grid has to be able to support; there are no significant resources available yet today (available, as opposed to merely 'invented') to smooth those peaks out. So if you're measuring joules, then this could be a 1 watt solar farm that runs for a billion hours...not very useful...or a 1 gigawatt solar farm that runs for 22 hours...a lot more useful. It's a subtle distinction but an incredibly important one. Generation capacity is all about maximum wattage capacity at any given point in time, not total watt hours delivered over time.

      --

      For your security, this post has been encrypted with ROT-13, twice.
    8. Re:What nonsense units. by turing_m · · Score: 1

      He's half right; the article is obviously referring to an analogue of acceleration. If m:distance, m/s:velocity, m/s/s:acceleration;
      GWhr:energy, GW:power, GW/hr: increase in power per unit time

      Those efficient Germans must be rapidly ramping up their technology. At the rate they're going, they'll be able to power their whole country (423GW on average) within 19 hours!

      --
      If I have seen further it is by stealing the Intellectual Property of giants.
    9. Re:What nonsense units. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      " .........kWh, or "kilowatt hour." One thousand of those is a GWh, or gigawatt hour."

      Wrong

      1,000 x kWh = 1 x MWh (Megawatt hour)

      A GWh is a million kWh

    10. Re:What nonsense units. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Uh, isn't a thousand kilo of anything a mega?

      So it's a million times a kw/hr is a GW /hr.

      Right?

    11. Re:What nonsense units. by Beryllium+Sphere(tm) · · Score: 1

      The unit of "flow" (energy per time) is watts. Not watt-hours (that would be a unit of energy), not watts per hour (not sure what that would be).

    12. Re:What nonsense units. by artor3 · · Score: 4, Informative

      No, you're completely wrong. In fact, it's difficult to even parse what you're trying to say.

      Yes, there are units called "kilowatt-hours". Really, that's just a kilowatt multiplied by an hour. The existence of such a unit has absolutely no bearing on this discussion, since we're talking about "gigawatts per hour". To put it in units more familiar to you, the phrase "miles per hour" makes perfect sense. But the phrase "mile-hours" is basically meaningless.*

      A gigawatt per hour isn't a unit of "flow". It would be more akin to a unit of acceleration. If your power plant generates 5 GW/hr, then that would mean it starts off generating nothing, and after an hour its producing 5 GW, and after 2 hours it's producing 10 GW, and so on. That's clearly not what the summary is trying to suggest.

      *Before anyone gets pedantic, yes, GW/hr and miles*hours and cubits*Rankine/Farads are all meaningful in the mathematical sense. But in the practical sense, they're meaningless.

    13. Re:What nonsense units. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A kilowatt-hour is the same as a kilowatt-per-hour, in the sense that multiplication is the same thing as division...

    14. Re:What nonsense units. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Dude. A watt *is* a rate.

    15. Re:What nonsense units. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We are not even told what level of generation they reached.

    16. Re:What nonsense units. by SubstormGuy · · Score: 1

      Rate of delivery is energy per unit time - power. That is why generation capacity is measured in watts. The rate that the power changes is a meaningless quantity, which is why there is no standard unit for it. The person who wrote the article just has a poor grasp of this and wrote GW/hr in error. Obviously not a student who passed my intro physics class.

    17. Re:What nonsense units. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And Slashdot mods this up to +4 Informative. Fail.

    18. Re:What nonsense units. by styrotech · · Score: 1

      Yep. Power (watts) is the 1st derivative of energy with respect to time (ok the intervening decades might've mangled my calculus terminology - but you get the picture). Watts per hour would be a 2nd derivative of energy with respect to time.

      So if watts are a bit like units for measuring the 'velocity' of energy, watts per hour would be for measuring the 'acceleration' of energy - ie how fast the rate of your energy consumption or generation is increasing or decreasing. Yeah not really a practical everyday measurement for most people.

    19. Re:What nonsense units. by SandorZoo · · Score: 1

      It was posted upthread a bit:

      the original german data said that on Friday, 25th in the hour between 12 and 13 the average output of solar power was 22,145 Megawatt

    20. Re:What nonsense units. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I thought that 1000 kWh = 1 MWh = 0.001 GWh

    21. Re:What nonsense units. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What is unreal is that this poster writes that there is "such thing as a GW/hr" then references his electric bill which has kWh and that then "one-thousand" of those a a GWh. So let's look at this carefully.

      First just to get this out of the way 1000 kW is a megawatt not a gigawatt, that would be 1,000,000 kW.

      Second, he even types the '/' between GW and H (GW/h) and then doesn't between the kWh and then assumes that somehow this is the same unit. Please keep in mind that the '/' is a fraction. Therefore dimensionally these are very different things.

      Is gas priced in $/gallon or $gallons

      --- really should think about your posting next time.

    22. Re:What nonsense units. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He is not half right, he is wrong, please don't encourage people sucking at math.

    23. Re:What nonsense units. by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Well, the unit would make some sense if speaking about the building speed of solar power plants. Then 22 kW/h would mean that in every hour they add a production capacity of 22 kW.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    24. Re:What nonsense units. by blind+biker · · Score: 1

      Actually, there is such a thing as GW/hr. Look at your electric bill...the measurement unit used there is kWh, or "kilowatt hour." One thousand of those is a GWh, or gigawatt hour. But that's a measure akin to volume; what is being discussed here is more like flow, so it's not accurate to call it that. Unless they're monkeying with the math...saying that a car reached "300 miles" in speed, letting us insert the "per hour" in our minds when in reality it went 15 MPH for 20 hours. More likely, they're just getting the terms slightly confused.

      Who the fuck modded this clusterfuck of stupidity as "Informative"? Jeeze mods, check your elementary physics.

      --
      "The agriculture ministry is not in charge of Gundam" - Japanese ministry official.
  5. Gigawatts per hour! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So what is this gigawatts per hour? The derivative of power?

    1. Re:Gigawatts per hour! by Baldrson · · Score: 2

      Its the rate at which they installed new power generation capacity. Those Germans are demons.

  6. Wrong title... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...more like "Catastrophic overproduction by solar plants. German grid on the edge on collapsing, exporting huge amounts to neighbors, destabilizing their grids.
    Meanwhile, Poland continues in their plans, to block unwanted electricity transfers from Germany"

    Oh right, " the head of a renewable energy think tank "....

    1. Re:Wrong title... by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Oh right, " the head of a renewable energy think tank "....

      Well, I for one prefer the energy think tanks being renewable. You don't want to be stuck with old think tanks after a few years, right? ;-)

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  7. um by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "German solar power plants produced a world record 22 gigawatts of electricity per hour......"
    lol
    get back to your crack american

  8. Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Locke2005 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Unless there is a way of storing the energy generated, the capacity of solar plants cannot be included in the calculation of capacity to meet peak demand. In other words, even if the solar at peak could meet all your needs, you still can't retire any of the old plants, because the solar capacity is useless when the sun isn't shining.
    And by the way, hydrogen is not an energy source, it is an energy storage media... meaning it could very well be used to store solar energy.

    --
    I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    1. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by mmmmbeer · · Score: 4, Informative

      That's why they do, indeed, build in ways of storing the energy. In fact, they do the same with every other type of power plant, so they can run at only peak efficiency. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_storage

    2. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Shoten · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Why does everyone think that renewable energy sources will be the first technology ever that works completely the first time, solving all the problems right out of the gate? Nothing else has ever worked that way. You have to start somewhere...meeting a significant part of the needed generation part of the time is the first step to doing it much of the time. And then comes most of the time, and then maybe, heaven forbid, all of the time. Not all phones are VOIP yet either; that doesn't mean that VOIP is a failure as a technology. They haven't started blowing up their CTs and other fossil-based generation facilities just yet...

      --

      For your security, this post has been encrypted with ROT-13, twice.
    3. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by spire3661 · · Score: 1

      Because oil is money, thats why.

      --
      Good-bye
    4. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Rising+Ape · · Score: 0

      What kind of storage system can work over seasonal timescales? That's the problem with solar, its production is anticorrelated with demand, producing very little in winter when electricity consumption is at its peak.

    5. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Jeremi · · Score: 1

      even if the solar at peak could meet all your needs, you still can't retire any of the old plants, because the solar capacity is useless when the sun isn't shining.

      True, but you could keep the old plants mostly idle on sunny days, and save fuel and/or reduce pollution that way.

      I agree that in the long run we need a efficient energy-storage solution, though.

      --


      I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
    6. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by AmiMoJo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      You are half right. There are three types of solar power. You have PV panels which, as you say, provide whatever power is available from the sun at that instant and have no storage. Then you have solar thermal which can run all night because is stores energy in molten salt. Finally you have solar heating for water and buildings, which stores energy in said water or building.

      You also have to remember that cooling is a major use of electricity in many countries. Since temperature is strongly correlated with light levels solar PV is actually ideal for covering peak demand in many places.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    7. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This kind of elementary bullshit is still what passes as informative on Slashdot in 2012? Yes, the poster is right but what are we really doing here? Going over the same talking points that we went over in 2007 just to stroke our egos about how "deep" our understanding is? If we're not advancing as users we may as well give it up now since we're just running in circles and repeating the same old shit.

    8. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't know how efficient or practical it would be, but energy could be stored over seasonal time scales if it was used to produce hydrocarbons from water and carbon from the air or minerals.

    9. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by WindBourne · · Score: 2

      Hydrogen is the absolutely the WORST way to go. Costly to seperate from H2O. Fuel Cells remain costly, so you have to burn as an ICE or a thermal system. Far cheaper to convert excess electricity to heat and then feed that into a thermal system. Back it up with Natural gas.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    10. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

      Geothermal for example.
      Still, solar power is not the single answer for all energy needs, the same as the hammer being not the only tool available.

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
    11. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by rtaylor · · Score: 5, Informative

      Not certain where you are but in North America (Canada too) peak electricity consumption is during the hotest summer days and typically during the afternoon to early evening (3pm to 7pm).

      20 years ago you were correct. Air Conditioning, however, completely changed that.

      --
      Rod Taylor
    12. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by khallow · · Score: 1

      Why does everyone think that renewable energy sources will be the first technology ever that works completely the first time, solving all the problems right out of the gate?

      I don't know why. It's worth noting that renewable energy sources have been around for many decades, and aside from hydroelectric, still have the storage problem. It's interesting that solar takes up such a large share, but given the variability of solar, not necessarily interesting in a beneficial way.

      They haven't started blowing up their CTs and other fossil-based generation facilities just yet...

      Those facilities cost money to maintain even if they don't use them. The more reliant they are on variable power sources, the more they need such facilities above and simultaneously, the less efficient those facilities become (because they aren't running consistently). Also, German society is apparently highly allergic to anything that generates carbon dioxide. They might try to get rid of those other sources of power.

      Even the current setup without non-hydro storage can work if Germany can continue to import power; solar (the example of the story) becomes so cheap that it more than counters the inefficiency and costs of backup power production; or if a large part of society accepts a less reliable power supply (some industrial tasks, for example, some cases of refrigeration, can work quite well on intermittent power supply, but one would need buy-in from much more than that).

    13. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by barvennon · · Score: 1

      At best you are three quarters right.

      Only three types of solar power?? I could build you a vapor absorption cycle air conditioner working off solar power. It would probably be more efficient than any method tied above.

      So at best you are only 3/4 right.

    14. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

      Air conditioning is not quite as widespread in Germany. Neither is electrical heating, by the way.

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
    15. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by __aaqvdr516 · · Score: 1

      This is completely true. Every other type of power plant, including the coal plant that I work at, stores energy for later use.

      We put the energy in pieces of coal that sit next to the power plant! When we need more power, we dump more of it into the boiler. It's that easy.

    16. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Lots of things failed right out of the gate and the people investing in them lost a lot (maybe all) of their money. What worries a lot of us is when that investor is the government which stands to lose a lot of OUR money.

    17. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by idji · · Score: 1

      Not a problem. They will just have to pump water back up into the Austrian Alps with it. You Naysayers are so blind to see what a great future is coming oh so closer.

    18. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by ILongForDarkness · · Score: 1

      Seasonal affects: electricity demand is usually peak in the summer when people kick their air conditioners in. So works pretty well seasonally actually. The problem is night and day differences.

      Storing: the solar arrays that heat water can do this. Electric cars could be used for this: discharge into the grid from say 5-9pm and then charge over night. Also, and this should have been incentivized decades ago: load should be balanced as much as possible. Building expensive infrastructure that is only turned on for a few hours a day is crazy. Could have been done by originally building the grid out to average load + say 5%. No peaker reactors, just that is it. Level it within 5% or do without your toaster strudel 8pm lard ass :-).

    19. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by bbn · · Score: 1

      What kind of storage system can work over seasonal timescales?

      Hydropower from Norway. Wind energy from Denmark (there is more wind in the winter season). Biomass from agriculture waste and forests.

      The "storage" is simply saving the water in the reservoir until times where power from other renewable sources is scarce. Same with biomass (or tree) burning: You burn tree only when wind and solar energy is down.

      Germany is building a new power line to Norway for the exact purpose of "storing" energy. Note that they mostly do not do "pumped storage" but it is a possibility.

    20. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Rising+Ape · · Score: 2

      Seasonal affects: electricity demand is usually peak in the summer when people kick their air conditioners in.

      Air conditioners? Well, I guess if you live in California, in which case solar may well work well. I know for a fact that peak demand is highest in winter in the UK (where I live). Given its mild climate I suspect that is the same for Germany too.

    21. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Rising+Ape · · Score: 1

      Hydropower from Norway. Wind energy from Denmark (there is more wind in the winter season). Biomass from agriculture waste and forests.

      Wind isn't dispatchable, so I can't see how that would help. Does Norway have enough hydro to supply a country the size of Germany? I know it can supply itself nicely with hydro, but Germany has over 15 times the population of Norway. Biomass may well work, but again is there enough of it available without resorting to environmentally destructive measures (like cutting down forests)?

    22. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by burni2 · · Score: 2

      Actually, you are mostly wrong:

      - it does replace power sources (have a look at -> http://www.transparency.eex.com/en/ - seems atm not to be working for actual production)
      in that case wind is replaced by solar, as wind replaces, solar the other time of the year,
      (when the sun is not shining in summer you mostly have higher wind speeds)

      - peak demand occurs while daytime
      peak production occurs while daytime

      - your "mostly" and mine "mostly" because, yes to match situations which out of the unpredicted range (plant goes dark or else)
      you need stored energy to "replace"

      - "hydrogen is not an energy source"
      hydrogen today is an energy source because +95% is cracked out of natural gas, but it is the target to use hydrogen as a storage media.

    23. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by bbn · · Score: 1

      Wind and solar peaks at different times. Combining them means you need less backup. Building a super grid across Europe also helps since there will always be wind somewhere. Also the north has most wind and the south the best conditions for solar. Thermal-based solar power can produce power at night too but is only feasible in southern Europe.

      As to Norway - the number of people living there is not really relevant... It is the size of the mountains :-). The short answer is yes, they can backup much of Europe.

      There are few natural forests in Europe. Cutting them down and replanting trees is what we have been doing for centuries. Of course the forests can only produce a limited amount of biomass which is why we need to supplement with wind, solar, geothermal and hydropower. Combing all of these it is possible to have a 100% renewable power system. It might not even be much more expensive than nuclear and coal - but it does require more from the planners and politicians.

      So far Denmark has decided to have 50% of its electrical power generated by wind by 2020. It has been calculated that by getting that number to 70% the remaining 30% could be provided by biomass produced by national sources (burning domestic waste, agricultural waste, biogas produced from droppings from the 25 million pigs and wood from forests).

      Germany is in a bit of confusion right now. They decided to kill the nuclear power plants but have not taking the necessary decisions to build renewable replacements. We can only hope they will do so soon instead of building more coal power plants.

    24. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by ILongForDarkness · · Score: 1

      That is more to do with a lot of europe using radiators for heating I think. In Canada where I live ~90% of heating is done with natural gas. People use a bit more power since it is darker earlier in the day but not drastically more compared to a 35C day with the AC on. As you mentioned to UK and western europe generally have milder weather than northern US and Canada so even if they are using electricity to heat the house going from say -2C versus -20C is a little different in energy use.

    25. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      no you didnt. you did not "put the energy in pieces of coal". you found that coal, with the naturally stored energy of millions of years, and are using it up. Lets imagine the cost of storing energy generated from a power plant if it was turned into complex hydrocarbons like coal. hmm, that wont work will it? comparing the fossil fuel industry with renewables is apples and oranges. renewables are closer (but not much closer) to nuclear in how you calculate costs, based on how long the radioisotopes will be active. of course, thats not counting the other costs associated with nuclear, like accidental mass death, etc. scientific american ran an article last year claiming that ALL the worlds energy needs could be easily produced by wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, hydroelectric. we need a worldwide manhattan project on how to best store collected energy.

    26. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      There are lots of places that pump water into reservoirs for storage, then let it fall through turbines when they want the energy out.

    27. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I work for a TFO in Alberta, and we are definitely winter peaking out here. I'm too lazy to look through the AESO pages to get any real info, but here's a link to one of their affiliate websites that talks about a new summer peak. Notice it's lower than the winter peak is.

      http://poweringalberta.com/2011/07/19/alberta-sets-record-summer-peak-in-demand-for-electricity/

      Ontario used to be winter peaking -- when I lived out there -- but my understanding is that the gap may be closing if it hasn't already. There are a few of us winter peaking provinces (and territories) left, however!

    28. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There are a number of ways to store the power. Use the solar power at peak to hydrolize water and reform it through fuel cells at night, a 50 year old strategy that got us to the moon and currently becomming more viable from an economic standpoint. Just stop subsidizing fossil fuels with sweethart leases, tax breaks and millitary actions to support the oil producing companies. And of course this pales in comparison to the support of the nuclear industries that includes every level of the fuel cycle and as yet to be paid for disposal of waste that will come out of --you guessed it, your pockets. The miniscule subsidies of green technologies are long overdue, I would take 1000 solyndras over one Fukushima.

    29. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by robinjo · · Score: 2

      Why does everyone think that renewable energy sources will be the first technology ever that works completely the first time, solving all the problems right out of the gate?

      Gosh, well, where do I start?

      1. We all have to pay big and mandatory subsidies. Those subsidies are the main reason, why renewables are being built.
      2. When the renewables are built and operational, they don't solve the problem, which is energy production 24/7 based on demand.
      3. Renewables have the right to sell their energy even when there's no demand, but not an obligation to produce, when it is needed.
      4. Renewables cause disruption in the power grid.
      5. Renewables are marketed as a replacement for proven and reliable technology.

      I have no problems whatsoever with renewables, if they'd play by the same rule book:

      1. No subsidies.
      2. 24/7 production, which would require renewables to provide their own backup power plants.

    30. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      That is more to do with a lot of europe using radiators for heating I think.

      That might be true for France, where elecricity is cheap (assuming you meant electric heating when saying radiator), but not so for Germany. Also, houses in Germany are pretty well insulated in general (which, to a certain degree, is required by law, but many home owners do it of their own free will to keep energy costs down).

    31. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      So what? There are many good reasons to switch to renewable energy sources long term. However, as long as fossil fuels, and nuclear power are economically viable, there's no incentive for the private sector to make the necessary investments in infrastructure (power grid and storage facilities).

      Of course we could go on doing business as usaual for some more decades or trying the band-aid approach by switching to nuclear - a technology with inherent design flaws (thorium readtors might help with that, and fusion reactors might be viable someday), but really, is it really a goo idea to bury your head in the sand and only start moving once the shit has hit the fan?

      Not playing by the rules and forcing necessary change can be a good thing.

    32. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by robinjo · · Score: 1

      If there are good reasons to switch to renewables in the future, then we'll see investments in them in the future. There's no idea to invest heavily in a technology, which is not able to deliver. The only renewable, that is able to produce energy reliably is hydro. Everything else is dependant on others taking care of the business, when they fail.

      I am all ok with critisizing nuclear power and making sure that it meets its security requirements. But I expect you to as well face the reality, how horribly unreliable solar and wind power is. No matter how much money and innovation you throw at wind and solar, they still have long periods, when they produce nothing or next to nothing. That's a design flaw that can't be fixed and should not be ignored.

    33. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Do you really think there would be a single nuclear power plant today if their development hadn't been heavily subsidized?

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    34. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by ILongForDarkness · · Score: 1

      I lived in east Germany for a couple years me and all my friends lived in flats that had radiators. But yeah electricity prices were ridiculous something like 25cents euro per kWh.

    35. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by chrb · · Score: 1

      What kind of storage system can work over seasonal timescales?

      Pumped hydro storage for electricity, Ground source heat pumps for heating. The ground source can be heated in summer via solar or air conditioning, and the pumps can be driven by generated electricity in winter (an average heat pump has an efficiency of 400%, 660% efficient pumps are available in Japan):

      Heat pumps are superior in efficiency to condensing boilers, even if the heat pumps are powered by electricity from a power station burning natural gas. If you want to heat lots of buildings using natural gas, you could install condensing boilers, which are “90% efficient,” or you could send the same gas to a new gas power station making electricity and install electricity-powered heat pumps in all the buildings; the second solution’s efficiency would be somewhere between 140% and 185%.

      heat pumps with a coefficient of performance of 6.6 have been available in Japan since 2006. The performance of heat pumps in Japan improved from 3 to 6 within a decade thanks to government regulations.

      So if we switch to ground-source heat pumps, we should plan to include substantial summer heat-dumping in the design, so as to refill the ground with heat for use in the winter. This summer heat-dumping could use heat from air-conditioning, or heat from roof-mounted solar water-heating panels. (Summer solar heat is stored in the ground for subsequent use in winter by Drake Landing Solar Com- munity in Canada [www.dlsc.ca].) Alternatively, we should expect to need to use some air-source heat pumps too, and then we’ll be able to get all the heat we want – as long as we have the electricity to pump it.

    36. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Rising+Ape · · Score: 1

      Pumped storage will require an absolutely enormous amount of capacity to store energy in summer and release it in winter. At the moment there isn't much of it and what there is is used mostly for short term balancing - over hours, or maybe a day or two.. Even then, the facilities aren't exactly small. Doing it seasonally and on a large scale will require many orders of magnitude more storage capacity, which is neither cheap nor environmentally benign.

      Heat pumps are a nice idea, but I've never heard of them being used to store heat in the ground. I wonder what the round-trip efficiency is.

    37. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by cpghost · · Score: 1

      Unless there is a way of storing the energy generated, the capacity of solar plants cannot be included in the calculation of capacity to meet peak demand.

      I recently saw on TV a documentary about an innovative way to store electricity using potential energy. They propose to raise a mountain (or a core cut out of a mountain) with hydroelectric systems when there's enough energy, and have it sink again, when energy is needed. According to the scientists who proposed the idea, this would be more energy-efficient than pumping water up and down high altitude lakes.

      --
      cpghost at Cordula's Web.
    38. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Solar thermal facilities which store excess energy in superheated salt can produce base load all night long. See Spain's plants right now. See Nevada and California plants coming online in the next year or so. See USA in 1980's which built the first solar facility with thermal storage.

    39. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Norway has enough options to provide hydro power for whole europe.
      Wind energy is dispatch able if you have enough wind plants over a big enough area.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    40. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1


      1. No subsidies.
      2. 24/7 production, which would require renewables to provide their own backup power plants.

      Perhaps you should read about history and power subsidies? Why should a "new" way of producing power have less subsidies than the old ones?
      And furthermore: a nuclear plant has no back up either ... perhaps learn how poer production on the large scale and power grids work?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    41. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by robinjo · · Score: 1

      Quite frankly, yes. The amount of energy you can get from a nuclear process is so big, that it's worth it.

    42. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by rcs1000 · · Score: 1

      In every US region, peak electricity usage is in the summer. In every Canadian state, it's in the winter.

      --
      --- My dad's political betting
    43. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      Color me surprised: I'm living in Frankfurt, and I do not think I know anyone who heats electrically, but according to BUND, about 14% of electric power consumption of homes is due to electric heating.

      This PDF contains some more information - in particular a ranking of cities by number of electrically heated residence, and it turns out that Frankfurt is in the second-to-last place with an estimate of only 8000 in the whole city.

    44. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      If there are good economical reasons to switch to renewables in the future, then we'll see investments in them in the future.

      Fixed that for you: There are pretty good reasons to switch away from fossil fuels and fission reactors right now. Politics is not about money in the first place (or at least it shoudn't be), and it's the duty of the government to step in where free markets break down.

      But I expect you to as well face the reality, how horribly unreliable solar and wind power is. No matter how much money and innovation you throw at wind and solar, they still have long periods, when they produce nothing or next to nothing. That's a design flaw that can't be fixed and should not be ignored.

      The solution to that diversification: Wind energy is fairly reliable if distributed over a large enough area, and the final goal would be a European solution: For example, solar power from Spain, hydro power from Norway, wind energy from $anywhere combined with pumped storage and gas turbine plants to cover remaining fluctuations should in priciple be sufficient to cover most of our needs.

      However, this can only happen if necessary changes in infrastructure are made, which will take time. I'm arguing for starting with that right now.

      The existing 'legacy' facilities (nuclear reactors in France, coal plants in Germany) of course won't go away immediately and can be taken offline when they become unnecessary.

    45. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      The issue is that countries like Germany are already replacing reliable power with unreliable power. In doing this they are endangering the stability of the electrical grid. The difference between VOIP and electricity is that if there is a problem with the VOIP system there are still other phones that can be used. In the case of an electrical grid that relies on renewable energy, if there is a problem with the renewable energy then no one gets electricity.

      That can me mitigated by keeping conventional power plants on standby but that costs money and will drive up electricity prices.

    46. Re:Solar doesn't replace other power sources. by ILongForDarkness · · Score: 1

      Interesting. I lived in Dresden which is in Sachsen apparently in the middle of the pack. Could be they were radiators but the flats had a boiler? In Canada you generally don't have radiators in your rooms unless you are using electric. Schools have them and a boiler often but for housing it is either radiator with electricity and a register and forced air if you have gas (large majority of houses).

  9. And with wind power? by midtowng · · Score: 1

    I would like to know how much of Germany's energy needs can be met with just renewables.

    1. Re:And with wind power? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wikpedia mentions that in December 2011 8000 GWh were produced by wind power.

    2. Re:And with wind power? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Energy graph for part of the reported day

      It was 37 % of the german energy usage just through solar power. Wind adds a few more percent and should put it well over 40.

  10. combinations by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If they combined this with nuclear power they could be leading the world in terms of clean energy. instead they are going backwards.

    even with large cuts in energy consumption electricity generation needs to be doubled or tripled to de-carbonise a developed nation. that challenge is even more of a challenge if you want to shut off nuclear at the same time.

  11. Gigawatts per hour? by rossdee · · Score: 2

    Maybe they mean Gigawatt hours, rather than gigawatts per hour

    1. Re:Gigawatts per hour? by rrohbeck · · Score: 1

      No, they mean gigawatt hours per hour.

    2. Re:Gigawatts per hour? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So just gigawatts.

    3. Re:Gigawatts per hour? by barvennon · · Score: 1

      Nah. They should have left is at "Gigawatts". Not "Gigawatts per hour".

      For instance, if you were talking about velocity, that's like saying "meters per second per hour" instead of "meters per second".

    4. Re:Gigawatts per hour? by rrohbeck · · Score: 1

      Yes!

  12. Not really meaningful by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    The best case performance doesn't determine success, worst case does. How well do they perform when, for example, they have a month of overcast skies?

  13. And it's only twice as expensive by tomhath · · Score: 2

    As I understand it, Germany's Feed In Tariff on green energy is almost the retail price of power (they buy energy produced by solar panels at hugely subsidized prices and charge consumers the tariff to cover it).

    Oh, and combine this with other generation systems? Good luck with that; taking half your generating capacity offline for an hour or two (but not every day, and not always half) is a major problem.

    1. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Ah, but germany does it differently at the moment. First - there is more energy usage during sunlight hours -- so there is not that much capacity that has to be taken offline.

      Second - germany simply exports (more) power during these top hours. It is when power is more expensive and when the neighboring nations need power (germany has been one of europes power exporters for some time. One reason why the neighboring nations are worried - they cannot generate enough power in some cases. And that includes France).

    2. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by NemoinSpace · · Score: 3, Informative

      I thought this was nuts till I started looking up some numbers.
      Germans are paying .23 per kwh. New Yorkers pay about .19.
      So the question is what do New Yorkers get from their tax dollars, besides goofy politicians?
      Meanwhile Floridians pay about .07/kwh. Which explains why I am glad the Germans are the "innovators" on this one.
      All in all, still pretty impressive.

    3. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by KeensMustard · · Score: 1

      As I understand it, Germany's Feed In Tariff on green energy is almost the retail price of power (they buy energy produced by solar panels at hugely subsidized prices and charge consumers the tariff to cover it).

      As I understand it, subsidies for other forms of electricity generation are just as large, if not larger - it's just a different form of accounting. For example, the coal industry pays next to nothing for our coal which they mine from our ground, and then later on, we pay to clean up the CO2 and other pollutants that they leave lying around.

      Oh, and combine this with other generation systems? Good luck with that; taking half your generating capacity offline for an hour or two (but not every day, and not always half) is a major problem.

      It's fairly normal for large parts of the electricity generation system to be offline - gas fired plants are fired up to meet peak capacity and are otherwise idle, coal plants have huge, complex turbines, and frequently have one or more of these turbines offline for maintenance, etc.

    4. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      meanwhile, californians pay upto .43/kwh. smug power is expensive.

    5. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by Rising+Ape · · Score: 1

      It's fairly normal for large parts of the electricity generation system to be offline - gas fired plants are fired up to meet peak capacity and are otherwise idle, coal plants have huge, complex turbines, and frequently have one or more of these turbines offline for maintenance, etc.

      Maintenance can be scheduled appropriately, and it's extremely unlikely that a large fraction of generators will fail simultaneously. However, it is a certainty that all solar output will drop to zero for several hours every single day. Similarly, wind strength tends to be correlated over a large area, and at least here in the UK, it's common for wind output to drop to under 10% of capacity.

    6. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are glad that people build absurdly inefficient housing in Florida. Cheap power = inefficient crap, works with cars, works with appliances, works with houses. Numerical cost doesn't seem to have much effect on economic activity but fosters efficiency. Win-win.

    7. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by KeensMustard · · Score: 1

      Well the sun actually does shine all the time - but you are right in that it is not always practical to say, create the transmission lines that would be required to capture over an unconcentrated area of that size. Hence the reason that Germany and in fact all proponents of solar power see it as an element in a mix of solutions - providing for peak loads (which in most places happen during the day) whilst relying on other sources at night. In my country we have abundant sources of energy - huge supplies of uranium, a geological dome of hot rock sufficient in fact, to power about 75% of the country just by itself, abundant supplies of sunlight, huge swathes of undeveloped land facing the southern trade winds. What is blocking us is simply ideology.

    8. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by tsotha · · Score: 1

      Didn't New Yorkers pay for some nuclear plants to be built that were never licensed to operate?

    9. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You don't turn power plants off, you run them at reduced power. Gas, coal and nuclear power plants all can vary their output by the hour easily.

    10. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by tp1024 · · Score: 1

      New Yorkers don't pay in Euro last time I heard. New Yorks 19 cents are more like 0.13-0.15 Euro. (Florida? About 0.05 Euro/kWh.) Also, your figures are outdated.

      Germans now pay 0.25 Euro per kWh.

    11. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by kju · · Score: 1

      Untrue. For example Naturstrom charges EUR 0.234 per kWh for power produced 100% by water and wind).

      Power from coal, nuclear and other sources is cheaper. My local utility for example charges EUR 0,2293 per kWh for the first 5000 kWh and then EUR 0,2177 per kWh.

    12. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by BobK65 · · Score: 1

      According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_pricing Germany has the 2nd most expensive electric pricing in the world. Denmark has the highest with $0.40 per kwh, Germany $0.36 per kwh. The USA is pretty far down the list at $0.11 per kwh. I assume those are average prices and may vary within the countries. Germany can keep its wind and solar, here in the USA I'm content sticking with good, reliable fossil fuel.

    13. Re:And it's only twice as expensive by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Well, I live in germany and I pay roughly 12 euro cents per hour, without any special (cheap) contract. I wonder where your 25 cents are coming from, your mind perhaps?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
  14. I'm calling bullshit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Show me the data. 22 GW is an astounding amount of power. You don't just add that to the grid without having shut down dozens of other power plants. I'm thinking there was a misreading of the data and a lack of verification by Reuters before publishing.

  15. December by jklovanc · · Score: 4, Informative

    Talk to me in December when the sun is low on the horizon and there is a a major storm passing through Germany. How is that different than the quoted article?
    1. Sun being lower produces less solar power.
    2. Storms block most of the sun decreasing output of solar power plants
    3. Snow accumulation can completely stop solar power production.
    4. Winter causes higher demand for electrical heat.
    5. Darker skies cause more use of lighting.

    Taking the increased usage and decreased production into account power production from solar plants could easily drop from 1/3 or requirements to 5%. Instead of touting the optimal power output on a clear sky cool day they need to look at the worst case scenario. The issue with solar power is that you can not turn it on when you need it and that will never change.

    1. Re:December by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      That's when the wind mills might come in handy...
      Nothing like a good storm to turn them blades...

    2. Re:December by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      You're kidding, right?

      If a major strom is passing through Germany, the only problem would be how to distribute the abundance of power generated by all the wind turbines.

      I live in Northern Germany and I am skeptical about current energy politics here too. But the scenario you described is simply not a problem.
      (Also Germans disdain electrical heating as it is seen as inefficient: We use natural gas from Russia instead... :-/)

    3. Re:December by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The solution is obvious. Global power grid. The solar power is generated where the sun is shining and transmitted to where it is needed.

    4. Re:December by AmiMoJo · · Score: 2

      If come winter Germany is crippled by blackouts or utterly dependent on imported electricity I'm sure someone will post a story about it. On the other than if nothing bad happens and the grid works perfectly we probably won't hear anything. Well, fear not, I'll post a story about it, and link back to this story and your comment.

      One of us is going to look stupid in about six months.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    5. Re:December by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 1

      What happens when the countries where generating capacity is located decide to extort some advantage for themselves from the countries which are the primary consumers of the produced power?

      The physics of power transmission - power loss at distance - make it, essentially, a natural monopoly with countries as actors. There's no way countries wouldn't use that to their advantage.

    6. Re:December by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      wind mills stop during storms. It's called furling and it keeps the window mills from breaking to pieces. like this one

    7. Re:December by denzacar · · Score: 1

      Couple of things...

      First, because you can't store electricity in warehouses or tanks, not delivering at optimal capacity means losing money for the countries which would produce electricity.
      Producers economically depend on the consumers consuming, not the other way around.

      Second, future consumers don't wait for the future producers to start building their production capacity - they go there and build them by themselves.
      Which means that the consumers are also the owners of the means of production - i.e. the producers.
      So, barring war or natural disasters completely wiping the production capacities - electricity will keep on flowing.

      And should such production-incapacitating calamities occur, you can be pretty sure that those who are footing the bill for the creation of the means of production will also provide the necessary aid needed to keep the electricity flowing.

      --
      Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens
    8. Re:December by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But the free market would never allow that. It said so on the internet!

    9. Re:December by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Stop being an idiot naysayer. What have you done? And doing nothing means I can rip on you for polluting the air, destroying mountains and streams, killing miners, waste water ponds, and causing lots of health problems.

      If Germany can do it, than it should be a no-brainer in Southern CA, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. They could probably get 50-80% of their power from solar and wind. Plus a little hydro from the hoover dam. But they don't do it, because negative people like you always bring up the worst case (1%) instead of the 99% of benefits that are created by being your own clean power company.

    10. Re:December by khallow · · Score: 1

      If a major strom is passing through Germany, the only problem would be how to distribute the abundance of power generated by all the wind turbines.

      Unless they shut them down. And how much ice can you hang off a wind turbine before you have a broken wind turbine?

    11. Re:December by khallow · · Score: 1

      But they don't do it, because negative people like you always bring up the worst case (1%) instead of the 99% of benefits that are created by being your own clean power company.

      Ah, yes, the crippling power of legitimate criticism. Feel the unstoppable might of my failwaves!

    12. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      If the wind speed surpasses 25 m/sec turbines are shut down to protect them. http://www.bwea.com/pdf/briefings/technology05_small.pdf. In this case there would be little solar power and no wind power. Also a storm may just be heavy cloud cover with significant snowfall.

    13. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      My point is that solar and wind power are dependent on the weather and the time of year. I am tired of articles touting the maximum output of solar and wind farms instead of the average output. Proponents also ignore the time when output will drop to zero. It comes down to how reliable to we want our electrical system to be. How many time a year is is acceptable to have blackouts or brownouts due to environmental conditions causing a drop in solar and wind power? Some people would say 0 is their acceptable number.

    14. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      And who is going to spend the billions, possibly trillions of dollars, to build the grid to move terawatts of power between continents? We can barely find enough money to keep our local grids reasonably healthy.

    15. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      So planning for a very possible eventuality is a bad thing? It is not about the grid working perfectly. It is about planning for foreseeable times when solar and wind energy production will drop due to environmental factors. By touting production in optimal conditions they lull people into a false sense of security. Power production figures when weather conditions are perfect are usless numbers. The important numbers are what will happen in cases where weather is bad and production is down. If a system can not deal with low times it is not a valid solution.

    16. Re:December by AmiMoJo · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Good job Germany isn't totally reliant on solar then. In the winter there is plenty of wind. And before you say it, there is never a time when there is no wind anywhere. Never. So as long as you have diversity then it's fine.

      I take your point about peak figures, but they are still useful. In particular France will be interested as it may help cover their peak demands during the summer when nuclear plants are forced to shut down in high ambient temperatures.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    17. Re:December by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      4. Winter causes higher demand for electrical heat.

      In Germany, almost no one uses electricity for heating.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    18. Re:December by fritsd · · Score: 1

      And who is going to spend the billions, possibly trillions of dollars, to build the grid to move terawatts of power between continents?

      That's an easy question: the peoples that will still thrive in the 21st century, after the Age of Cheap Oil is slowly petering out.
      I think this evasive answer to your question is called a "tautology" but I could be wrong :-).
      If your politicians don't encourage electricity infrastructure to be built *NOW* (now that it's still cheap to do so), you've voted for the wrong politicians.
      This is the plan: European Super Grid, it remains to be seen how feasible it is going to be, but you're probably right that it WILL cost billions, and the European economies will probably continue to limp along for several more years with the Eurocrisis... we'll just have to hope for the best.
      Just like DESERTEC, it's a hypothetical expansion of the existing Synchronous grid of Continental Europe.
      I don't know what the plan is with DESERTEC now three of the countries involved have had revolutions, but I'd imagine they'd still go through with it anyway :-)

      --
      To be, or not to be: isn't that quite logical, Slashdot Beta?
    19. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      The European Super Grid is a great idea but when it is night in Europe and Africa there is little or no solar power input. Note I say little because there will be a few plants that store heat to be used at night. To fulfill the vision of the OP there would have to be connections between Europe and North America so when it is night in Europe North America can supply solar power and vice versa.

      Desertrec uses a 2000 km long DC transmission line across a very shallow sea to get power from Africa to Europe. Please note that this is a South/North line. When It is night in Europe it will be night in Africa so there is no transmission of power from daytime solar plants to night time users. To connect Europe with North America would require a 5000km transmission line through a very deep ocean that is seismically active. The engineering issues to connect Europe and North America are very different than connecting Africa to Europe. A 5000km transmission line has never been done and may not even be possible. There is a limit to how long a DC transmission line can be.

    20. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      There is a problem with using absolute terms such as "there is never a time when there is no wind anywhere". It is not about having no wind; it is about having enough wind at the right speed to fulfill energy needs. The "the no wind anywhere" argument talks about the absence of wind generated power but not the insufficiency of wind generated power.

      Wind generators work in wind velocities between 5 m/sec and 25 m/sec. Fast enough to turn them but not so fast as to damage them. When winds get above 25 m/sec the blades are stopped to prevent damage. Also, wind turbines have an optimal wind speed. At less than that speed the turbine produces less energy. So there will be many instances where a wind turbine will not produce sufficient electricity to replace solar.

      Another issue with wind power is that output is not constant as wind is not constant; there are gusts and lulls. The power grid works by balancing generation and demand. Minute to minute output from a wind turbine can vary significantly. When wind input is small these variable can be dealt with but as more wind generators come on line the control complexity increases exponentially. The one way to deal with this intermittent fluctuations is storage in things like pumped hydro or flywheels. These storage facilities cost money to build and operate.

      Lets just take wind and solar in combination;
      Wind powered generation is decreased when wind speeds are low or high. How much redundancy in a wind power system would be required to make up for this variability so that the wind powered system can be relied upon to give a constant minimum supply? Easily at least twice.
      Cost of storage to even out wind fluctuations.
      Solar power is less in winter and during cloudy days. How much redundancy would be required to cover those low times? Easily at least twice.
      Power would have to be distributed much further to distribute power from areas that are windier/sunnier to other areas. There is a cost in that infrastructure.

      To putt this all together, the cost of reliable solar/wind power is as follows;
      The cost of desired wind input*2 + the cost of desired solar input *2 + the cost of transmission lines + storage costs.
      Do you really want the cost of electricity to jump 4 (solar is already almost twice as expensive as conventional) or more times today's costs?

      The mention of French nuclear plants brings up an interesting point. Germany has decided to close their nuclear plants as being unsafe. Where do you think they will be purchasing power when their solar and wind output is low. The source would most probably be French nuclear plants. So Germany thinks nuclear power is unsafe but has no problem purchasing nuclear generated power from another country; that seems a bit hypocritical to me.

    21. Re:December by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      4. Winter causes higher demand for electrical heat.

      Ah, how stupid is that to use electrical energy for heating?

    22. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      Not directly but most central heating systems use electrical fans or pumps to move air or water throughout the building. It is not as high a usage as electricity generated heat but it is still significant. Even a geothermal heat pump uses electricity to circulate coolant.

    23. Re:December by mjwalshe · · Score: 1

      Unfortunately if the wind gets to strong they have to shut down the turbines to avoid damage.

    24. Re:December by mjwalshe · · Score: 1

      No they will just outbid the slavs to the east for Russian Gas - and let them freeze. Ooops not going to look very good is that Angela.

    25. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      If you live in a cold environment I bet you have at least one portable electric heater to supplement central heating on cold days. Also central heating still uses electricity to circulate the heat.

    26. Re:December by dkf · · Score: 1

      The European Super Grid is a great idea but when it is night in Europe and Africa there is little or no solar power input. Note I say little because there will be a few plants that store heat to be used at night.

      You seem to be assuming that demand will be constant throughout day and night, an interesting supposition but really without any foundation in reality. You also seem to be assuming that solar-produced power is the only thing that will be transmitted. Here's a clue; the electrons don't care.

      To connect Europe with North America would require a 5000km transmission line through a very deep ocean that is seismically active.

      Oh no! We have to run a cable from Europe to North America! It's never been done before!!! Not even for telecommunications, and we've never been able to create anything like the sort of cable that would be needed...

      Next time you want to say something's impossible, please pick something that's actually impossible (like writing a computer program that will determine if any computer program will produce an answer), instead of just a plain old tricky engineering problem.

      --
      "Little does he know, but there is no 'I' in 'Idiot'!"
    27. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      You know, the amount of wind power installed in germany is 2x or even 4x the amount of solar?

      Summer -> solar
      Winter -> wind

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    28. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Where does this magical *2 come from?
      You know if there is no wind at all and now sun at all *2 would be enough nor would be *1000.

      Perhaps you should read a bit instead of polluting the world with your "opinion"?

      And you are aware that the cost of distribution is mainly covered already, as germany already has a power grid?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    29. Re:December by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Good job Germany isn't totally reliant on solar then. In the winter there is plenty of wind. And before you say it, there is never a time when there is no wind anywhere. Never.

      Yeah, but it's fairly common for there to be no wind anywhere in Germany, and it's not exactly unheard of for there to be very little wind anywhere in western Europe. A surplus of power in Japan doesn't really help you if there's not enough power in Europe, unless you have a very efficient means of transporting power over very long distances, which we don't.

    30. Re:December by AmiMoJo · · Score: 1

      Wind generators work in wind velocities between 5 m/sec and 25 m/sec. Fast enough to turn them but not so fast as to damage them. When winds get above 25 m/sec the blades are stopped to prevent damage.

      On old models, newer ones operate down below 5m/sec and effectively have no upper limit. The blades alter their angle of attack to keep the speed of rotation constant.

      Another issue with wind power is that output is not constant as wind is not constant; there are gusts and lulls.

      Fortunately those are evened out by the very large amount of momentum in the blades, and the fact that they can vary their angle to accommodate different wind speeds.

      In the UK wind power is considered more reliable than nuclear in the short term. A nuclear plant could have some problem and go offline unexpectedly, leaving you with a gigawatt or more gap in supply. If a wind farm is generating 500MW now you can be certain it will be generating at least 450MW in 20 minutes time. Even if a couple of turbines break they only account for 10-20MW each. In practice the variation is very easy to predict and extremely reliable.

      The one way to deal with this intermittent fluctuations is storage in things like pumped hydro or flywheels.

      Or just more distributed wind farms, or molten salt storage, or in the future battery storage in EVs etc.

      Why do you expect everything to be perfect and flawless from the very start? Have you not noticed that we still don't have a good way to deal with nuclear waste, or pollution from coal burning?

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    31. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      On old models, newer ones operate down below 5m/sec and effectively have no upper limit. The blades alter their angle of attack to keep the speed of rotation constant.

      Maybe you should look into wind turbine design. Take a look at the second to last page of this product brochure from a modern turbine on sale from the largest manufacturer of wind turbines in the world. Please note the following;
      1. the minimum wind speed is 3m/sec (so there are times when there is wind and no power)
      2. The power generation increases till 13m/sec so there are times when the turbine is not creating full power
      3. Even though the scale at the bottom of the grid goes to 30 m/sec the graph stops at 25m/sec. That is because altering the angle of the blades is not anough to protect the turbine and is must be stopped.
      Note that the third to last page has a cut out wind speed of 25 m/sec. That confirms the issue that the turbine must be stopped when wind speeds exceed 25m/sec.

      Fortunately those are evened out by the very large amount of momentum in the blades, and the fact that they can vary their angle to accommodate different wind speeds.

      Take a look at figure 5 from this paper. Notice how jagged the graph is. The power grid works by balancing load and generation. When generation fluctuates minute by minute it becomes much more difficult to manage that balance.

      Why do you expect everything to be perfect and flawless from the very start?

      Because it is the power grid and if the power generation is not perfect it can cause major disruptions in the grid. A good example of this is a that took out power to 7 states and one province. It was started by one plant going off line at a bad time.

      Have you not noticed that we still don't have a good way to deal with nuclear waste, or pollution from coal burning?

      From a generation point of view these points are irrelevant as they will not cause instability in the grid and blackouts.

    32. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      The 2 is due to redundancy. If one needs 1MW of power from a wind farm one mist install turbines that will produce at least twice as much under optimal conditions due to the following issues;
      1. Some will be down for maintenance
      2. some will be in areas where the wind is below optimal speed so the it is not generating the maximum amount of electricity
      3. some will be in areas where wind speeds are above 25M/sec
      4. During winter and cloudy times solar generation will be decreased therefore wind will be needed to compensate.

      Solar has similar issues;
      1. During winter solar panels do not operate at maximum efficiency
      2. During cloudy days solar panels do not operate at maximum efficiency.
      3. During times of very low or very high winds wind power generation will decrease and solar will be needed to compensate for it.
      With all those factors taken into account can you see how one can not look at the rated ouput of a solar or wind generator and use that number in your supply calculations?

      And you are aware that the cost of distribution is mainly covered already, as germany already has a power grid?

      the European Super Grid. Someone has to pay for that grid.

    33. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      You seem to be assuming that demand will be constant throughout day and night,

      That is completely untrue. I am well aware that demand is higher during the day. Many people tout solar as the fix for that issue. All I am trying to do is point out times when solar power will not be enough to deal with daytime demand.

      You also seem to be assuming that solar-produced power is the only thing that will be transmitted. Here's a clue; the electrons don't care.

      Where will these electrons come from? Nuclear power; not there because people are afraid of it. Wind power? May not be there due to low or high winds? Fossil fuel? Too much CO2. The point is that when people rely on power generation that is controlled by variable atmospheric conditions there will be times when not enough power is generated. Some people say that can be compensated for by more conventional plants. Since thay take days to come up to operating capacity from a cold start that would need to be maintained at idle. That costs a lot of money and would significantly increase electricity costs.

      Oh no! We have to run a cable from Europe to North America! It's never been done before!!! Not even for telecommunications [wikipedia.org],

      Telecommunication cables do not carry gigawatts of power. It is a very different engineering challenge to do so.

      and we've never been able to create anything like the sort of cable [htstriax.com] that would be needed.

      That is a superconducting cable that requires cooling to -200C with liquid nitrogen to work. Until room temperature superconductors are found this technology is not feasible for long underwater cables.

      Next time you want to say something's impossible, please pick something that's actually impossible

      How about this statement "It is impossible with today's technology or any technology in the foreseeable future. The OP seems to believe it can be built today and that is not true.

    34. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      Summer -> solar

      Except on cloudy rainy days and at night

      Winter -> wind

      Except on calm or stormy days

    35. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      You are a bit wrong with the numbers of redundancies :D

      All your points are well known, but what argument do you want to make?

      That we have not enough space to build enough wind turbines to take your points into account? Or that we lack money to build so many? Both arguments I challenge.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    36. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      The point is that production numbers when conditions are optimal are meaningless. This numbers make it seem that solar power is a viable alternative to the nuclear power plants that are being closed and that the cost of the electricity is comparable. The crunch comes when conditions are abysmal and there is not reliable replacement source. The only way to deal with this issue is to be able to build enough wind and solar plants to produce much more power that needed during optimal time so that during times when there are low production there would still be enough. That is what I mean by redundancy. This will cost money and will significantly increase the cost of electricity.

      It is not lack of money but increased cost of the produced energy. That increase may cause increased stress on an already fragile economy.

    37. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Well, you neglect the fact that all other plant types ae also set up with redundancy in mind.
      The reason that typical old base load nuclear plants run at 90% is simple: if one or two others have to go off grid, the rest can increase its output.
      The same is true for every other plant type, may it be load following coal or peak following pumped storage. From everything you have a nice overhead. Hence germany had until the nuclear plants got shut down an overproduction of 80% or more.

      Regarding the economy, as far as I see it, installing wind power stimulatees the economy. Solar as well but to a lesser extend.

      Setting up a wind farm is soon on par with building a new coal plant, especially as coal plants become more and more expensive because of CO2 storing.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    38. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      The reason that typical old base load nuclear plants run at 90% is simple: if one or two others have to go off grid, the rest can increase its output.

      You have finally hit the crux of the issue with wind and solar generated electricity. In the case of conventional power generation when one needs more power one can increase output by just turning up the plant. This issue is taken into account when plant size is planned.

      When using solar and wind one gets what one gets.If the output of solar drops one can not just turn up the wind turbines as they may also be having an issue (low or high winds). To compensate for this one must have a much bigger overhead than that with conventional generation. How much is needed is debatable. This additional overhead costs money to build and maintain and will be reflected in the cost of electricity.

      Be careful about talking about averages when dealing with energy output. With conventional generation these averages are human controlled and can be adjusted to deal with issues. With wind and solar one has to look at lows and how will these lows be compensated for. If wind and solar make up for 50% of a country's electricity generation and a large winter storm passes through generation may drop to 10% of capacity for several days. Does one build 5 times the solar and wind? Does one build enough storage to deal with 40% of a country's energy needs for several days? Does one keep conventional plants at idle just in case they are needed? It will probably be a combination. One has to look at a worst case scenarios or we are inviting blackouts when these scenarios occur. To build all this redundancy will drive electricity prices up and will damage an already fragile economy.

      Setting up a wind farm is soon on par with building a new coal plant, especially as coal plants become more and more expensive because of CO2 storing.

      A coal plant can be scheduled to supply 90% to 100% of it's rated supply 90% of the year with short down times to deal with maintenance. It is completely predictable and controllable. A wind wind farm may produce from 0% to 100% of it electricity moment to moment based on the vagaries of the wind. It is unpredictable (it can be forecast but as all weather forecasts it may not be actualized) and can not be increased when needed. This requires much more storage to compensate for the fluctuations so the output can be controlled as needed.

      The issue is not power generation it is power storage. Sure pumped hydro is an option but it can not be used everywhere.

    39. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Your analysis is correct. However the risks you see aren't.

      Given enough space and diversity you easy get reliable minimum input into the grid. Regardless if it is solar or wind.

      If yo don't have noticed: germany is proving this right now.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    40. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      If yo don't have noticed: germany is proving this right now.

      It reminds me of a joke about an economist, an engineer and a mathematician traveling on a train to Glasgow Scotland.
      The economist looks out the window at the pasture full of black sheep and says, "Wow, all the sheep in Scotland are black!"
      The engineer looks out the window at the same scene, shakes his head and states "Some of the sheep in Scotland are black."
      The mathematician out the window at the same scene, sighs and states "There exists in Scotland at least one field where there are sheep that are black on at least one side."

      The mathematician statement is completely correct because all that they saw was one field and one side of each sheep. Therefore that is all they can prove. Any other statement is supposition. All we have seen from Germany is two days supply. So using the mathematician's vernacular; "Germany has supplied two days of high solar power output in the last year". It says nothing about what will happen during a winter storm.

      Given enough space and diversity you easy get reliable minimum input into the grid. Regardless if it is solar or wind.

      You are correct in that but the "given enough space and diversity" are very loose terms. How much space is needed? Do power plants need to be thousand of moles apart so that one area can compensate for shortages in other areas? Who pays for the DC grid to transfer power that far? That also means that there must be enough capacity in the production area to cover their needs plus anyone who is in low production. This means more power plants everywhere increasing the costs of electricity.

      I am not saying that it can not be done but that the costs will be so high that the economy may crumble under the weight.

    41. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Who pays for the DC grid to transfer power that far?
      For that we still use AC transfer lines.

      Germany is rather small about 1000km long from north to south and perhaps 800km wide on its widest part from east to west.

      It is allready covert with a dense grid.

      Wind farms are placed offshore about 30km off the coast (and smaller farms all over the country on fields or hill sides)

      True is: the grid needs to improve or we can not feed all the extra energy we get on such special days into the grid.

      However you are overestimating costs and the influence on the economy. Germanys economy is crumbeling when when people stop buying cars. Not when power gets 10% more expensive, not even if it was 100%.

      All we have seen from Germany That is what you have seen as it was a /. headline :D

      The daily amount of wind power and solar power fed into the grid can be looked up on the companies web sites.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    42. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      For that we still use AC transfer lines.

      The issue is that a large weather system can effect every wind turbine and solar plant in Germany. Many have touted sending power from areas outside of Germany to compensate for the weather issue. This requires a DC grid because AC loss is too high over long distances. According to this article the practical distance limit of AC lines is 1200km. For example if electricity needs to be transferred from Spain to Germany, at distance of 1600km, it would require DC.

      The daily amount of wind power and solar power fed into the grid can be looked up on the companies web sites.

      Care to post a reference?

    43. Re:December by Stuarticus · · Score: 1

      Worst case scenario? Like running out of oil and gas?

      --
      If you think someone isn't free to have a different definition of "freedom" you may be a tyrant.
    44. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      It si well known that DC is better suited, however whole europe is interconnected with aC lines, and that is far far longer and wider than mere 1200km.

      Transportation losses depend on voltage level. Most lines are far below 10% loss.

      The current connections to spain e.g. are definitely AC, I doubt we have any DC line active right now.

      However the DesertTEC project plans to connect solar plants in north africa to europe with DC lines.

      A example link for grid schedules is here: http://www.tennettso.de/site/Transparenz/veroeffentlichungen/netzkennzahlen/tatsaechliche-und-prognostizierte-windenergieeinspeisung

      First to collums a quarter hour intervall, next column the wind prognosis from the day before (for this day), third column the actual power fed into the grid, last column the amount generated offshore.

      You can download excell sheets for whole monthes at the bottom.

      This is for one grid operation conmpany only, we have 4 majour ones and a lot of small local ones.

      Unfortunately there is no standard to publish this information to the general public, and the internal publications are not easy to be found (if they get published at all).

      For other grid operators like RWE and EnBW I did not find the information.

      Another interesting link: http://www.50hertz.com/cps/rde/xchg/trm_de/hs.xsl/119.htm?rdeLocaleAttr=de&rdeCOQ=SID-357B9305-AF994E66

      This is about international traffic organized by that company into and from Poland, Tschechien and Denmark.

      And this one is from another bigger grid operator called Ampwerion: http://www.amprion.net/en/cross-border-load-flows

      The most interesting one: a life show south germany and life data of export/import into/from swizerland and austria and fracne I unfortunately lost. But perhaps I find it again. :D

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    45. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Ah, the link I missed is: http://www.swissgrid.ch/swissgrid/en/home.html

      Look at the stuff under "FUTURE OF ELECTRICITY". And if you are interested into the topcis google for smartgrid and supergrid.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    46. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      It si well known that DC is better suited, however whole europe is interconnected with AC lines, and that is far far longer and wider than mere 1200km.

      There is a grid that is over 1200km long but energy is consumed much less than 1200km from where it is produced. Think of it like a huge piping system where water is injected and removed at many places along the pipe. The issue with AC electricity is when you inject power very far from where it is used. for example, If Western Europe is producing a lot of power and Eastern Europe is using a lot of power than the power has to be transmitted a very long way with high losses from AC lines.

      You are looking at this in too small a scale. Country to country with AC is fine but long distances do not work.

      You actually pointed me to an interesting paper about the variability of power input from solar panels. http://www.swissgrid.ch/dam/swissgrid/future/renewable_energies/Analyse_Lastgaenge_Gaertnerei_mit_PV-Anlage_en.pdf.
      Notice how jagged those graph are? This causes switching systems to have to even out the load and can cause instability in the grid. Notice how the output in the winter is only 20% of that in summer?

    47. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      Here is an interesting quote from that site that states exactly what I am saying:

      Integrating renewable energies into the grid – A challenge for grid operator
      Alongside rising electricity consumption and the connection of new power stations, the increasing feed-in of electricity from renewable energies is posing major challenges for the operators of distribution systems and transmission systems. This is in part due to the difficulty of planning how much energy solar and wind power can be expected to feed in currently and in the future. This can lead to significant variance between power fed in from renewable energies and power plant schedules, thereby putting system reliability at risk. An example analysis of the load profiles of an individual photovoltaic installation shows:

      How much the power fed in from renewable energies fluctuates
      How energy production and consumption varies throughout the day and during the year
      How the actual production of the installation deviates from the installed capacity

      Here is a link to a study dealing with solar panels. http://www.swissgrid.ch/dam/swissgrid/future/renewable_energies/Analyse_Lastgaenge_Gaertnerei_mit_PV-Anlage_en.pdf

    48. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      Running out of gas and oil does not occur on a monthly basis and there is not real consensus when oil will run out. Nuclear will not run out for hundreds of years. What I am trying to say is that nuclear power should not be thrown out, due to irrational fears, yet as the "alternative energy" solutions are not mature enough. There are issues that need to be addressed before we become overly dependent on sun and wind. There are a number of theories on how to deal with the issues but little or not practical experience in implementing these theories. We are risking major electricity outages, dramatically increased electricity costs and economic slowdown as we become more and more dependent in the weather.

      Solar and wind power can not be treated in the same way as conventional power plants for the following reasons;
      1. They fluctuate based on the weather
      2. Output can not be increased when needed.
      3. Minute to minute fluctuations in electricity output put a strain on grid switching which causes instability in the grid.
      4. Large weather systems can cause energy to need to be transmitted great distances which today's grids can not handle.

      To create a stable wind/solar based electrical system one needs redundancy of production(to deal with weather systems and seasonal variability), large amounts of storage (to smooth out power production and be able to increase output when needed) and a much sturdier DC grid (to transmit power from where it is produced to where it is needed). All that costs money and research. Too much research is going into production and not enough is going into distribution.

    49. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      I did not neglect your facts.

      I only pointed out: europe is already interconnected with AC lines. The losses are accepted and calculated into the costs/bills.

      Regarding the PDF, keep in mind this is a very low yield decentralized power plant, not really a plant.

      But that is what europe is going for: decentralizing power generation.

      The "disturbing" or destabilizing effects are very local, on the level of a communal grid. However that is not the point. The point is: europe is working on thins "engineering problem". Most of the USA say: that is impossible. Makes me wonder. New weapons are never a problem, new energy technology is ;D

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    50. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      You miss the point completely. Yes Europe is connected together with a grid but right now power generated in Spain is not powering Germany or Poland. To transmit power that far requires a new DC grid.

      Regarding the PDF, keep in mind this is a very low yield decentralized power plant, not really a plant.
      But that is what europe is going for: decentralizing power generation.

      These statements seem to contradict each other; a decentralized power plant has stability issues yet you seem to advocate a decentralized power generation system. How can small decentralized power plant be unstable yet a larger decentralized power generation system be stable? Fluctuations from small systems are just as likely to combine in larger systems to produce bigger fluctuations as they are to average out and create a stable power system.

      The "disturbing" or destabilizing effects are very local, on the level of a communal grid.

      When you connect enough unstable communal grids together you get more instability not less. Yes they are working on the problem but the technology is not here yet. I am not saying that it is impossible but that movement too quickly will cause power problems. The other issue is that no one has done a complete economic study on how new technology and installations will effect the price of electricity. Sure, almost anything can be done if you throw enough money at it. The question is one of risk/reward. Is the risks of high capitol costs, high electricity prices and possible power failures worth the minimal safety benefits of closing down nuclear plants? In my opinion the question right now is no. Maybe in 10 to 15 years when storage and distribution technology catches up with generation technology that answer may change.

    51. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Yes Europe is connected together with a grid but right now power generated in Spain is not powering Germany or Poland.

      Of course it is!

      To transmit power that far requires a new DC grid.

      No it does not, howver it would be better suited.

      Seem we are talking past each other.
      Or I made myself not clear: we alreay have a system built from small comunal grids.

      A big deal of wind and solar power is fed directly (that means decentralized) into the local grids. Perhaps we are not agreeing on what the terms stable and fluctuations mean?

      We don't have big solar plants, we have thousands of small plants! Perhaps we have 2 or 3 bigger ones in the MW range. Wind is more or less the same. Big wind farms we have perhaps 2 or 3 and 1 or 2 more under construction. The rest are roughly 1000 small plants consisting of 5 to 15 wind mills.

      When you connect enough unstable communal grids together you get more instability not less.

      Why should there be instability at all? The "disturbing" or destabilizing effects are very local, on the level of a communal grid. Should I have made explicitely clear that those effects are countered by grid operators? Bottom line there is no fluctuation/destabilization. For every surplus watt comming from the sun or wind the grid operators pump water uphill. For every down shift in solar production water is going downhill. Grid regulations happen more or less instantly, except super sensible equipment no one notices anything.
      Ten, fivteen years ago, grid operation was done on a more central level. Now with decentralizations regulation means are also decentralized.

      I am not saying that it is impossible but that movement too quickly will cause power problems.

      The movement will always be in the right speed. It is not like that you simply can connect a plant to the grid and thats it.

      Is the risks of high capitol costs, ...

      Look from the perspective of a promotional program for our industries, it secures a lot of jobs over the next 2 or 3 decades.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    52. Re:December by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      Of course it is!

      Very informative come back. Care to show electricity sales from a Spanish company to Germany or Poland? Take a look at this article. Do you see Spain anywhere on that graphic? Electricity is imported from neighbouring countries.

      Should I have made explicitely clear that those effects are countered by grid operators?

      That is my point exactly. Grid operators are having trouble countering those effects when they are dealing with large numbers of fluctuating local grids. The power on the main grid must fluctuate from the load by only a few percentage points. When drawing power from a number of communal grids that fluctuate more than thet is is very difficult to keep the grid power smooth.

      For every surplus watt comming from the sun or wind the grid operators pump water uphill. For every down shift in solar production water is going downhill. Grid regulations happen more or less instantly, except super sensible equipment no one notices anything.

      I also think you may be misunderstanding me in what I mean by fluctuations. Solar and wind generation can change by several percentage points minute to minute. If enough plants are at low output and then go to high output the power can fluctuate significantly, may by 10%. Surges like this can cause the grid to overload and shut down.

      Ten, fivteen years ago, grid operation was done on a more central level. Now with decentralizations regulation means are also decentralized.

      Care to cite that change? The grid is one central connection and needs to be controlled centrally. One can think of it as a closed irrigation system where the only control one has is how much water goes into the system. If the pressure fluctuates by more then a few percentages the system shuts down to protect itself. If one has too many variable inputs then it is very difficult to keep that margin of error.

      The movement will always be in the right speed. It is not like that you simply can connect a plant to the grid and thats it.

      That is exactly what they are doing right now. The grid can handle some fluctuations but there is a point that these fluctuation will overload the grid. Do you really want to find that point by experimenting with people's electricity?

    53. Re:December by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      See for instance:
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission

      However the german articles are better (more correct and more up to date).
      Or see http://www.centrel.org/ucte.html
      Or http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_grid_of_Continental_Europe

      Your points are all valid but only from the standpoint of a layman. Input fluctuation from solar and wind is not that high and never will be.
      E.g: That is exactly what they are doing right now. The grid can handle some fluctuations but there is a point that these fluctuation will overload the grid. Do you really want to find that point by experimenting with people's electricity?
      Sorry, that is nonsense. You seem not to understand how grids really work/how they are operated. I explain that below.
      When drawing power from a number of communal grids that fluctuate more than thet is is very difficult to keep the grid power smooth.
      That is incorrect. From a grid operator standpoint it is irrelevant whether he is controlling the main grid or a cummunal one. The mechanisms are the same. It is also irrelevant weather a cloud shadows a town with a lot of solar roofs or if in another town all washing machines start up. From a grid operator point of view it is no difference if there is a sudden loss of input or a sudden increase of demand.
      Grid operators are having trouble countering those effects when they are dealing with large numbers of fluctuating local grids.
      No they have not. They do that since 50 yaears and so far it worked fine, and there is no reason it wont work anymore in the future. See below.

      Regarding the Spain / Poland example, it was an example for the example sake (which you brought up by the way) I don't knnow if/when/from where Spain is importing or if it is exporrting and that is not relevant for the argumentation anyway.

      If enough plants are at low output and then go to high output the power can fluctuate significantly, may by 10%. Surges like this can cause the grid to overload and shut down.
      Sorry, this is nonsense as well. If there comes 10% more energy, the regulation mechanism pumps away 10% more. But I explain that below.

      First off all your misconception is long distance transport. You seem to assume it is done by point to point connections spanning a few hundrets of kilometers (and that confuses you with my "claim" that the energy is transported in fact thousands of kilometers). Point to Point connections do exist, but they are used for special cases. E.g. germany and france only have two. One is a one way connection from germany to france even.

      So, instead of direct links between countries (as you seem to think), all countries in the european (super) grid are connected to/via a very high voltage grid.
      What does that mean for a hypothetical energy "transport" from Spain to Poland? It only means that the consumer is in Poland and that there is a producer in Spain. The actual energy flow is obviouls according to Ohms Law from the closest plants to the consumer, not from the spanish plant. However the spanisch plant is filling the gap. Think of it like a huge very flat lake. All consumers are water mills around the lake. All producers are small creeks flowing into the lake (via a water gate). As soon as a new consumer gets activated "somewhere" a producer has to replace the water or the lake will fall dry. But where that is, is irrelevant! (Technical spoken: if a consumer gets attached the frequency on the grid will drop. Somewhere a powerplant has to increase output to "stabilize" the frequence. Where that happens is not relevant).

      So: yes, we have long range energy trade over thousands of kilometers. And yes we have transportation losses. But not in the extend you think. Total loss in power grids in europe is about 5% - 8%. (100% is the feed the pl

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
  16. Shameless politicking... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Not just Fukushima... the combination of that and upcoming state elections was what made Germany (or to be exact, the then pro-Nuke governing party) decide to abandon nuclear power. They had to do that so that their party wouldn't lose too many votes -- and one official even admitted it during a private dinner -- but they lost to the Greens anyway.

  17. Energy costs are rising also in Germany by steveha · · Score: 1

    I don't read German, but Google Translate does. Looks like energy costs have gone up by 57% in the past decade; taxes on energy have gone up 1000% in the last 15 years.

    "The de-industrialization has already begun," Energy Commissioner Guenther Oettinger warned in an interview with the Handelsblatt.

    http://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/kostenexplosion-merkels-strompreisluege-seite-all/6663536-all.html

    steveha

    --
    lf(1): it's like ls(1) but sorts filenames by extension, tersely
    1. Re:Energy costs are rising also in Germany by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

      Oettinger was always full of crap. First, he is an atomic playboy of the Fallout universe sort. Second, he is corrupt. As a prime minister of Baden-Wuerttemberg he pushed a far too expensive project, knowing there would be cost overruns, and forbid to even mention these. Why? Because his girlfriend would make a nice profit at that project. That were some of the reasons why he lasted only 5 years as prime minister of that particular (and pretty corrupt itself) federal state. Basically, only his designated successor lasted less than that (but that one probably was the worst prime minister of any German federal state ever).

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
    2. Re:Energy costs are rising also in Germany by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 1

      He may be full of crap, but you said nothing about whether the numbers quoted are correct or not.

    3. Re:Energy costs are rising also in Germany by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That is because, unlike Oettinger, he is overflowing with crap ;-)

    4. Re:Energy costs are rising also in Germany by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

      They are misleading. The cost of electricity hasn't risen that high (I personally pay maybe 20% more than 10 years ago), but heating oil and gas became very expensive. Car fuel is twice as expensive as 15 years ago. Part of it is due to higher taxes, part due to inflation that Oettinger conveniently chose to ignore, part due to higher taxes.

      The "De-industrialisation" is real, of course, but it has been around, oh, since the early 90ies at the very least and has got nothing to do with energy prices per se. The Ruhr area had it especially bad, with closing of all the coal and steel works because both got uncompetitive with China. Semiconductor industry was the next, look what happened with Telefunken or some Siemens parts. All thanks to mismanagement. Same goes to chemical industry (Hoechst, VARTA).

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
  18. TOO BAD THERE AIN'T NO SUN AT NIGHT, AY !! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    But who needs power at night !! Only the criminals, that's who !!

    Germany !! GERMANY !! Above All Others !!

    1. Re:TOO BAD THERE AIN'T NO SUN AT NIGHT, AY !! by barvennon · · Score: 1

      You mean "Deutschland über alles!!!".

    2. Re:TOO BAD THERE AIN'T NO SUN AT NIGHT, AY !! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He means, the country that started World War I and World War II, and probaly will start the next, World War V.

    3. Re:TOO BAD THERE AIN'T NO SUN AT NIGHT, AY !! by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      He means, the country that started World War I and World War II, and probaly will start the next, World War V.

      So who will start World War III and World War IV? And why will World War V be started before III and IV?

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  19. Well it was by fisted · · Score: 1

    exceptionally hot and sunny the last two days..

    1. Re:Well it was by Sique · · Score: 1

      Luckily, there is no Global Warming on the horizon.

      --
      .sig: Sique *sigh*
  20. impressive by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Anyway you look at it this is impressive only trolls would think it trivial.

    This can only get better over the decade so expect gas and oil companies to fight this in the States every step of the way.

  21. All worthless UNLESS by WindBourne · · Score: 2, Insightful

    you have storage. What is needed is to push electric cars that plug-in and give back. To really do that, they should have capacitors, not batteries.

    In addition, a very smart move is to have cheap batteries and thermal storage. With thermal storage, you can change excess electricity into heat (alabit at a loss of efficiency), and then convert again back to electricity as needed. The real advantage is that Natural Gas (including coal converted to methane) can be burned on those days when AE and the storage does not meet demands. In fact, the ideal situation is if you have days in which you KNOW ahead of time that it will likely need extra energy (such as hot days to run ACs), you heat the thermal at night and use that as well as the NG.

    --
    I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    1. Re:All worthless UNLESS by barvennon · · Score: 1

      A capacitor is just a battery with a very fast discharge/recharge rate.

    2. Re:All worthless UNLESS by Deadstick · · Score: 1

      Ummm, no. Completely different mechanisms of energy storage. A battery accepts charge with almost no voltage change, while the voltage across a capacitor is proportional to the amount of stored charge. If you want to use a capacitor for storage, both your charging system and your load have to accommodate a big voltage range.

    3. Re:All worthless UNLESS by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      A capacitor is a battery in the same way that an electric motor is an internal combustion engine, only much more efficient, faster, and with better torque. Hopefully, that helps you.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    4. Re:All worthless UNLESS by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      Or you have a voltage regulator on the way out before the multiple loads.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    5. Re:All worthless UNLESS by barvennon · · Score: 1

      Its beyond my pay grade to design a device that turns the diminishing voltage energy from a capacitor to constant voltage energy (if that is what is needed). But theoretically energy, (watts) not voltage is the issue. So a capacitor is a battery in that both store energy.

      OTOH I have thought of a beaut motor that doesnt care what thge voltage is.

    6. Re:All worthless UNLESS by barvennon · · Score: 1

      Your generalizations about Electric v IC engines are inaccurate. For instance the torque capacity of the two most common electric motor types (induction v synchronous) vary more from each other than does either from an otto cycle.

      Both capacitors and batteries store electric energy. One important difference is the power discharge/recharge rate. Another is the energy density (J/Kg). Batteries are about twice as good as capacitors. At least according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density#Energy_density_in_energy_storage_and_in_fuel

  22. I didn't realise... by Ginger_Chris · · Score: 0

    That Germany was at such risk from a Tsunami or Earthquake.

    I still don't understand why everyone is so up in arms about Fukushima, it got hit by a giant surge of water that leveled most towns and it was, for the most part, pretty fine. If anything it should be an endorsement of the technology.

    1. Re:I didn't realise... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Safety of nuclear power plants is not about the risk of being affected by any concrete type of disaster. It is about what happens when something occurs that causes malfunctions of everything in such a plant. Nuclear power plants have the disadvantage that they need active cooling, even when they are shut down. This is due to the short lifetimes of chemical elements that were produced by the chain reaction while the reactor was running. The decay reactions due to these elements cause an enormous amount of heat output and if the active cooling is not functional you will get a problem.

      An inherently save nuclear power plant would not rely on any active functionality.

    2. Re:I didn't realise... by cpghost · · Score: 1

      That Germany was at such risk from a Tsunami or Earthquake.

      Most German nuclear reactors are located along the Rhine River Valley (Rheingraben), and that's the region with the highest seismic hazard. Sure, it's far from the San Andreas Fault, but it's not entirely without risks.

      --
      cpghost at Cordula's Web.
  23. Are these solar plants adequately protected... by John+Hasler · · Score: 2

    ...against tsunamis? Think of all the children who might be exposed to toxic chemicals should one of them fall over!

    --
    Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
  24. Scientific iliteracy by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

    Surely I am not the only person who noticed the journalist
    measured energy in kw/h.

    1. Re:Scientific iliteracy by barvennon · · Score: 1

      What I think he meant was "20 Gigawatts of electricity FOR AN HOUR".

    2. Re:Scientific iliteracy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yep, he's illiturut

  25. AC need is a big draw and when it's dark out by Joe_Dragon · · Score: 1

    AC need is a big draw and when it's dark out you don't need it as much.

    1. Re:AC need is a big draw and when it's dark out by tmosley · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Germany is not Texas. Much less AC in Europe in general.

    2. Re:AC need is a big draw and when it's dark out by camperdave · · Score: 1

      AC need is a big draw and when it's dark out you don't need it as much.

      Compared to what? DC?

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    3. Re:AC need is a big draw and when it's dark out by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not a lot of German homes have AC, at least none of the ones I lived in and visited (northern half); climate does not need it much. Offices and shops do tend to have it, but they mostly operate only during daytime. YMMV. In contrast, southern Texas (where I live right now) is insufferable without AC during summer.

    4. Re:AC need is a big draw and when it's dark out by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      With AC he ment air conditioning.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    5. Re:AC need is a big draw and when it's dark out by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      With DC he meant +5 Funny.

  26. Subsidising solar is a waste of money by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 0

    Reducing *oil* consumption is the key.

    Oil comes from very oppressive and aggressive places - Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Iran. By buying oil we fund a future Jewish genocide. We engage Israel's enemies militarily (thus enlarging the already excessive US military, and feeding anti-Americanism) with our right hand and throw bags of money at them with our left hand. This is *extremely* counter-productive; it would be very funny if it wasn't so tragic. The government should overtax gas-guzzlers (including SUVs!), subsidise economic/flex-fuel cars and lift the barriers on Brazilian ethanol. All the money for solar subsidies should instead go to biofuel.

    1. Re:Subsidising solar is a waste of money by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Take it to North Korea communist freak. America is built on free markets. If those free markets are a problem for Israel: too fucking bad.

    2. Re:Subsidising solar is a waste of money by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 2

      Take it to North Korea communist freak. America is built on free markets. If those free markets are a problem for Israel: too fucking bad.

      Even if we forget our compassion to the Jews, don't you think that economically smothering Israel's enemies would make the region safer,
      thus allowing the US Armed Forces to be shrunk, thus decreasing the tax burden?
      The US spends a ridiculous percentage of its GDP on the military.

    3. Re:Subsidising solar is a waste of money by cpghost · · Score: 2

      By buying oil we fund a future Jewish genocide.

      Not only that (which is bad enough), but we're also depleting the world reserves of very valuable chemicals used in all kinds of manufacturing, like plastics, medical drugs, etc... Burning this valuable stuff just to get some energy is extremely short sighted.

      --
      cpghost at Cordula's Web.
  27. iaap by f3r · · Score: 0

    when energy ceases to be the problem, entropy will. You just cannot process infinite energy in a given volume. There is space left to wonder what the next major disaster will be.

  28. Subsidising biofuels reduces carbon emissions, and add international peace
    on top of that.

    1. Re:And by minio · · Score: 1

      Except biofuels are currently causing more carbon emissions and interantional tension due to their effect on food prices.

    2. Re:And by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

      Brazilian ethanol is carbon-efficient.
      And the international tension you mention would not exist if the American federal government wasn't subsidising inefficient corn ethanol and overtaxing efficient sugarcane-ethanol.

    3. Re:And by mjwalshe · · Score: 1

      mm yes and Brazilian ranchers are saints and have never done anything naughty like have protesters killed by their private army's have they.

    4. Re:And by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

      mm yes and Brazilian ranchers are saints and have never done anything naughty like have protesters killed by their private army's have they.

      Boycotting Brazil because a tiny minority of the farmers are violent is like boycotting Mexico because a tiny percentage of their population
      are drug dealers. In both cases, you simply make the problem worse.

      Those who make this kind of "arguments" are only protecting the subsidized American corn farmers.

  29. Solar could replace other power sources IF by barvennon · · Score: 2

    we built a network of superconductors between the sunniest deserts and the cold places where all the work is done...

  30. About Utility Solar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Does anyone have any resources they could point me to that will clarify how solar is used on a utility scale? In other words, I've gathered that for consumers you have one of two choices: 1) solar charge a battery bank or 2) directly power your home and use mains power when needed. How does this translate to larger scale operations where hundreds or thousands of houses are being supplied power from solar power? Are there massive battery banks or is it directly input into the grid and somehow maintained? Sorry if that was hard to read. I am new to electronics and can't help but ask this question.

  31. Forget cars by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Take trains !

    1. Re:Forget cars by KDR_11k · · Score: 1

      Trains are one of the biggest electricity consumers in Germany.

      --
      Justice is the sheep getting arrested while an impartial judge declares the vote void.
  32. wrong. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Troll

    Nuclear power is not about price. Nuclear is about extremely dangerous materials being stored in leaky containers. You just can't beat entropy. it's just bare plain physics laws.

  33. Americans have greater liberty by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 0, Troll

    As opposed to US politics, there is a consensus in German politics. Namely that politics is for the benefit of the people and society. Business is a part of that society, not the other way around.

    No, it is not that. It is just that Americans have a strong commitment to freedom, while certain European countries
    sacrifice freedom in order to reach a higher (by material standards and measured by HDI) standard of living.
    That is why homeschooling is generally legal in America, while in Germany there is a Nazi-era law
    that persecutes homeschoolers as if they were rapists. In Germany, the freedom to teach one's own
    child is less important than the benefit of having ideological uniformity in the nation, making for a stronger
    society. Another example is "hate speech" legislation that makes politically incorrect ideas verboten.

    Even if the USA didn't have the world's fourth highest HDI (behind only the Netherlands, Australia and Norway),
    and the world's most advanced science/technology, it would still be the best place to live due to political decentralisation
    (state's rights) and a strong liberty-protecting Constitution (specially the First Amendment).

    Freedom trumps all.

    1. Re:Americans have greater liberty by dunkelfalke · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Sort of.
      I'd rather say, Americans have got a strong commitment to the appearance of freedom, and thus, to implement most real world policies they have to jump through so many hoops that the resulting freedom is actually less than with a straight forward solution and costs more. And people are actually proud of that. I'd call it the "freedom theatre", akin to "security theatre".

      "Ra ra" is not an argument, by the way, because by this logic USSR was certainly the best place to live (hint: it wasn't, even though there were some good things).

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
    2. Re:Americans have greater liberty by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 2

      I'd rather say, Americans have got a strong commitment to the appearance of freedom, and thus, to implement most real world policies they have to jump through so many hoops that the resulting freedom is actually less than with a straight forward solution and costs more. And people are actually proud of that. I'd call it the "freedom theatre", akin to "security theatre".

      I think you are being excessively cynical/pessimistic. Americans *do* have greater freedom. They have *much* greater freedom of expression than many other countries (for example, "hate speech" legislation is unconstitutional in the USA, as it should be everywhere), have greater freedom of religion (which is good), freedom to homeschool (which is a very important freedom), freedom to bear arms (I have no strong opinion on this one), and their tax burden is quite smaller than in Scandinavian countries. And American politics is much more decentralised (not as much as it should be, but still better than elsewhere). This means that each state's laws reflect the values of the people of that state. It also means that you can easily change states if you don't like the laws of your state. Depending on your beliefs, you can live with rugged tea partiers in Texas, or you can live with more-leftist-than-Herbert-Marcuse-himself Massachusetts/California. This freedom to choose the laws that will govern you is absolutely awesome.

      "Ra ra" is not an argument, by the way, because by this logic USSR was certainly the best place to live (hint: it wasn't, even though there were some good things).

      I did not get that. Maybe because English is my second language. Could you rephrase it for me please?

      Regards,

    3. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That is why homeschooling is generally legal in America, while in Germany there is a Nazi-era law
      that persecutes homeschoolers as if they were rapists. In Germany, the freedom to teach one's own
      child is less important than the benefit of having ideological uniformity in the nation, making for a stronger
      society.

      Actually, it's largely because we assign rights differently. In the US, it seems that parents have more rights than their children, so you see home-schooling as the expression of a parent's right to educate their child as they see fit. Within Europe, we're very keen on childrens' rights, and thus it's more important that every child is guaranteed access to a good standard of education, and we feel that home-schooling isn't sufficient for that. It's nothing to do with idealogical uniformity, it's about protecting children from parents that don't really know how to teach.

      Calling this a Nazi-era persecution law just shows an ignorance of European cultural values.

    4. Re:Americans have greater liberty by rrohbeck · · Score: 1, Troll

      I have lived in both countries.
      There is more freedom in Germany than in the US of A. Like drinking beer in public, having sex at 14, saying "shit" in public, being naked in public, not getting sued for everything and anything, being free of religion.
      That "Land of the free" BS is part of your indoctrination.

    5. Re:Americans have greater liberty by burni2 · · Score: 1

      Well, in germany we try to differentiate beetween prooven historic facts and freedom of speech.

      That way Günther Grass was able to publish his critically acclaimed essay about that israel is threatening the world peace, and not being prosecuted.
      Freedom of speech does not protected him against the shitstorm that broke out.

      If you make a statement that the mass murdering of 6 Million people didn't occured in public you are prosecuted, and not for being politically incorrect, but for denying a crime to facillitate hate against other groups. Those guys which try to counter that it didn't happen, well even modern nazis just use those to facillitate hate speech against certain groups, most newnazis know that the crime happend, but before that specific law those historic researchers were presented at every newnazi conference, just to troll.

      Saying that one is PI has the tendency of making yourself appear to be the prosecuted one, and that way making it hard to argue against, or would it make look like the other one is at fault, because he is one of the prosecuters.

      For example your "homeschoolers" and "rapists" that is a typically PI tactic for labelling one to be concived as the ill-prosecuted. Why not just write that "homeschoolers are prosecuted in Germany because in Germany there is a law which states every kid shall attend school to the age of at least 14 (Schulpflicht)"
      That would be just the facts, because in germany not only hoomschoolers and rapists are prosecuted so are thieves, fraudsters and even speeders.

      And by the way, combining PI ideas with the german word "verboten" (=forbidden) is a very clever tactic, as this word is widely understood, even when the reader does not speak german. This term is known to those, because of movies about the nazi-era and that way has a bitter taste as it's connected to certain emotions for you to be concived as the prosecuted one, even if you would be possibly a nazi, and catch22 those legislation is targeted at nazi-people.

      Colourfull example:
      Nazi1 to Nazi2: "You are a Nazi because you nazied away my freedom of speech, to say that the hollocaust didn't happen. You bad Nazi Nazi Nazi."

      Nazi2: "Now I see, my dear Nazi how could I be so wrong to nazi away your freedom of speech to say Nazi things and shit on 6 Million dead jews, 1 Million dead sinti and roma(gipsy people) and 500000 politically prosecuted people. I must have been a real Nazi"

      Do you find the Nazi in the story ?

      Btw. what was it about ?
      Nazi wind turbines !
      Naz solar panels !

    6. Re:Americans have greater liberty by colinrichardday · · Score: 1

      "Rah Rah" is something cheerleaders say; some people call cheerleader rah rahs. The GP is basically saying that cheerleading is not an argument.

    7. Re:Americans have greater liberty by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1, Insightful

      There is more freedom in Germany than in the US of A. Like drinking beer in public

      I am not actually American. Is drinking beer in public illegal? I have never heard of that.

      Having sex at 14

      Doesn't compare. The freedom to express one's ideas is far more important than the claimed right of young teens to have sex.

      , saying "shit" in public

      Perfectly legal in the US.

      being naked in public

      Again, doesn't compare. The freedom to express one's ideas is far more important than the claimed right of showing off one's genitals.

      being free of religion.

      By which you mean, having the government restrict religious freedom.

    8. Re:Americans have greater liberty by rrohbeck · · Score: 2

      How is the freedom to express one's ideas restricted in Germany?
      And by being free of religion I mean being able to say that I'm an atheist without being looked at askance, without religion dominating a large part of politics, etc.

    9. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      How is the freedom to express one's ideas restricted in Germany?

      Let's say that someone had the opinion that the Nazis weren't the worse human beings to ever walk the face of the earth.

      What if someone believed that the Holocaust didn't kill 12 million people and instead only killed 8 million people?

      Expressing those ideas in modern Germany are expressly forbidden. Despite what other problems there may be, and there are a metric fuckton of them, restricting ideas is not something we're very fond of in the US.

    10. Re:Americans have greater liberty by ceoyoyo · · Score: 2

      Hm. I've been to Germany. And to the US. Guess which one involves me getting felt up on entering?

    11. Re:Americans have greater liberty by khallow · · Score: 1

      I'd rather say, Americans have got a strong commitment to the appearance of freedom, and thus, to implement most real world policies they have to jump through so many hoops that the resulting freedom is actually less than with a straight forward solution and costs more. And people are actually proud of that. I'd call it the "freedom theatre", akin to "security theatre".

      Who has established that these "real world policies" should be implemented? An expedient government doesn't result in a freer society (and I'd say that the couple of centuries since the US Constitution was developed support that claim).

      Alternatively, freedom is a lack of restraint on personal actions. Those "straight forward solutions" can easily increase such restraints and hence, don't mean that freedom has increased. As you note with your USSR example, to the contrary, it can result in an tyrannical government.

    12. Re:Americans have greater liberty by IdolizingStewie · · Score: 1

      I have lived in both countries. There is more freedom in Germany than in the US of A. Like drinking beer in public, having sex at 14, saying "shit" in public, being naked in public, not getting sued for everything and anything, being free of religion. That "Land of the free" BS is part of your indoctrination.

      Umm... It's perfectly legal in the US to have sex at 14. What will get you in trouble is having sex with a 14yo, provided you are over the age of 16 or so, with the exact age gap varying by state.

    13. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      drinking in public is legislated by the state, or barring a state law, the township. But most places in the US have chosen to make it illegal. But, there are places in the US where you can drink in public (vegas, new orleans, are two that come to mind but there are others)

    14. Re:Americans have greater liberty by arose · · Score: 1

      Freedom trumps alles... except for townships, which trump freedom in a sort of sick paper-rock-scissors game of political grandstanding.

      --
      Analogies don't equal equalities, they are merely somewhat analogous.
    15. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except the child's freedom to not be helpless when they turn 18 and haven't received a decent education. Children aren't humans until then (they are self-propelled dolls for their parents whims), so their freedoms don't matter.

    16. Re:Americans have greater liberty by quax · · Score: 1

      You are not actually America but know for a fact that it is the most free country?

      Have you actually ever lived there?

    17. Re:Americans have greater liberty by rrohbeck · · Score: 1

      So that leads you to the conclusion that Germans have fewer liberties than Americans? Thank you.

    18. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Raenex · · Score: 1

      Well, in germany we try to differentiate beetween prooven historic facts and freedom of speech.

      I understand the reasoning behind it, but it's a dangerous precedent when the government decides "official" history that can't be questioned. In the US, the neo-Nazis are marginalized and anybody denying the Holocaust is considered a hateful, fringe lunatic. They are not, however, put in prison for their views. The same goes for 9/11 "truthers" or cranks that think the US didn't go to the moon.

      I wonder, by the way, what German law thinks about a site like Wikipedia that discusses the issue: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_denial

    19. Re:Americans have greater liberty by TheRaven64 · · Score: 2

      The most amusing part of this argument is that the laws against holocaust denial in Germany date back to the time when the USA was running the country (or, at least, the part of the country that this law is inherited from).

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    20. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except most of those Romeo&Juliet laws specifically exclude Romeo&Romeo and Juliet&Juliet... land of the free, home of the homophobic.

    21. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You actually have no clue at all, do you?

      Scandinavia. Homeschooling is perfectly legal (and what kind of argument is this, who gives a shit?). Drinking in public is legal (not so in the US), doing things in the private of your own home that doesn't hurt anyone else is legal (not so in the US). Saying "fuck" in TV is legal (in fact if you try to censor it out parents will complain that censorship is harmful to children), Being nude or having sex in public is legal as long as you don't hurt anyone (see in the private of your own home argument times a thousand.

      Sure Scandinavia pays much more tax than Americans, but they get a more freedom in return, and freedom trumps all, right?

      Idiot.

    22. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are you high?

      I have every right you have and quite a few you don't depending on which state you live in. That includes the right to homeschool my children.

      Public schooling, however, is not the shambles here that it probably is where you live so I choose not to. Additionally, I can protest without being placed in free-speach zones. I can own and carry firearms in public places. I have a government that actually enforces trade-laws so I can establish a small business and not get immediately squashed by some "embrace-and-extend" asshat who sees me as a threat (how I made my first million in fact) and I can depend on a social safety net for me and my children should things go wrong. This allows me to experiment and try things I would never try if a string of bad luck would mean my family would not get cancer treatments.

      I would suggest you actually come and live here. I've lived and worked in the US and you have some of the most hostile policies I've ever encountered. Your government is for big business and actively works against the common man. Here, we see a balance and, despite what you may have been told, even with SOME european economies being in trouble, you would do well to compare them to your own to see what this will realistically amount to.

      Anyone who suggests that I have fewer liberties than an american simply doesn't know what he is talking about.

    23. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Raenex · · Score: 1

      While the irony/hypocrisy is duly noted, there's a lot of ways in which the US does not or has not lived up to its ideals, but that doesn't make the argument wrong.

    24. Re:Americans have greater liberty by orzetto · · Score: 1

      (state's rights) [...] Freedom trumps all.

      States' rights are one of the most puzzling pieces of doublethink in American political thought. On one hand Americans like you are distrustful of the "Government" (which is actually understood to include Congress and all federal institutions), on the other hand they support local politicians, who cannot realistically be any less crooked than those in Washington, DC.

      But, the weirdest thing is how states' rights are propped up to have anything to do with personal freedom. States' rights are the lousy excuse with which the most obnoxious attacks on freedom itself were justified: slavery was justified not just with that century-old collection of mediocre fantasy novels known as the bible, but also legally from the standpoint that hey, it's Alabama's right to decide whether blacks are people too. The same gig was later used as well to maintain unjustifiable segregation laws and poll taxes. I cannot really find an instance in history when states' rights actually have been successfully used to promote freedom.

      I was at a conference in Austin, TX some years back, and walking around the city I found this monument to confederate soldiers at the Austin capitol, and I was appalled at reading the inscription: "Died for states' rights, guaranteed by the US constitution..." It is a bit like finding a monument to the SS in Berlin or to Vidkun Quisling in Oslo. These lousy moochers fought for slavery and they get a monument? And, solemn offence, they are sold as freedom fighters now?

      States should not have any goddamn rights. People have rights. States are institutions that serve the people. If they don't serve them well, they might just as well be set aside.

      --
      Victims of 9/11: <3000. Traffic in the US: >30,000/y
    25. Re:Americans have greater liberty by cycoj · · Score: 1

      As opposed to US politics, there is a consensus in German politics. Namely that politics is for the benefit of the people and society. Business is a part of that society, not the other way around.

      No, it is not that. It is just that Americans have a strong commitment to freedom, while certain European countries
      sacrifice freedom in order to reach a higher (by material standards and measured by HDI) standard of living.
      That is why homeschooling is generally legal in America, while in Germany there is a Nazi-era law
      that persecutes homeschoolers as if they were rapists. In Germany, the freedom to teach one's own
      child is less important than the benefit of having ideological uniformity in the nation, making for a stronger
      society.

      Actually the argument against homeschooling is that the freedom and rights of the child have to be protected even against the rights of the parents. The children have the right and freedom to be educated about science, sexuality other religions etc. even if the parents belong to some religious sect or the other, which oppose these ideas. I find it ironic that the ones shouting the loudest against abortion, and about the rights of the unborn child, are also the ones most strongly opposed to legislation for protecting the rights of born children, because essentially their premise is that children are the property of their parents, which they should be allowed to education whichever way they please (including beating with a stick).

      Another example is "hate speech" legislation that makes politically incorrect ideas verboten.

      Even if the USA didn't have the world's fourth highest HDI (behind only the Netherlands, Australia and Norway),
      and the world's most advanced science/technology, it would still be the best place to live due to political decentralisation
      (state's rights) and a strong liberty-protecting Constitution (specially the First Amendment).

      Freedom trumps all.

      Well, if we use the inequality adjusted HDI the USA suddenly falls back to the 23rd place. So it's not really such a great place to life. Also about technology and science, I doubt that every time I sit in an american train.
      And about the liberty-protecting Constitution, how's that working for the detainees in Guantanamo?

    26. Re:Americans have greater liberty by rrohbeck · · Score: 1

      Where I live now (in California), it even illegal for two 17 year olds to have sex. Yes it's only a misdemeanor but it's still illegal.

    27. Re:Americans have greater liberty by chrb · · Score: 1

      being naked in public

      Again, doesn't compare. The freedom to express one's ideas is far more important than the claimed right of showing off one's genitals.

      It is amazing that you can't see the inherent contradiction in your statement. Is being naked in public not an act of self expression?

    28. Re:Americans have greater liberty by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      Within Europe, we're very keen on childrens' rights, and thus it's more important that every child is guaranteed access to a good standard of education, and we feel that home-schooling isn't sufficient for that. [emphasis added]

      Feeling in not an adequate replacement for thinking.
      In the US, largely due to union power, leftist courts, and cowardly/bent administrators, government schools are of poor quality and getting worse. There are two alternatives available for those able to take advantage of them: private schools and home schooling.
      Children's rights have to be considered in the context that they are slowly maturing. Failure to do so leads to absurd and harmful results.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
    29. Re:Americans have greater liberty by KDR_11k · · Score: 1

      Homeschooling is considered child abuse in Germany because it doesn't make sure that your child is getting a proper education and definitely prevents them from getting the necessary graduation certificates to enter higher education and have a shot at a good job. It destroys the career chances of your child for no good reason. Parents aren't qualified teachers and even if they are teachers by trade they will not be able to cover all the subjects that are part of the school curriculum up to eighth grade (which is the minimum school length and even that only qualifies you for jobs on the level of burger flipping).

      If you don't like the way public schools are run feel free to put your child into a private school. If you want homeschooling for crazy reasons like teaching your religious beliefs in place of history then get lost. I hear the US offers asylum to people like that.

      --
      Justice is the sheep getting arrested while an impartial judge declares the vote void.
    30. Re:Americans have greater liberty by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      So in the USA you have freedom to send your kids to a school where thy are searched for weapons on entering.
      You have the freedom to get them there in a school bus but they have not the freedom to ride there with a bike.
      You have the freedom to be poor and as a rich guy you have the freedom to not pay to health insurance, so the poor guys can not afford it.
      You have the freedom if you are of the wrong colour someone may shoot you without trial.
      You have the freedom with the wrong colour you are convicted to death while a similar crime by a white would give him 5 or 7 years.
      Granted: the USA have a lot of freedoms, I still prefer Europe.
      In he USA a federal prosecutor is not even obliged to reveal the truth, he is going for convictions instead. If obviously the defendant is innocent the federal prosecutor is still trying to get him executed. That is a huge freedom!

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    31. Re:Americans have greater liberty by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      I don't believe a sane person finds any difference in germany (or europe) to express their own ideas in relation to the USA.

      If you believe otherwise you are mistaken.

      The rest of your arguments "don't compare".

      Ofc it is relevant that an semi adult can have sex with 14. In what retarded backyard medieval society do you live to think otherwise?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    32. Re:Americans have greater liberty by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      German law thinks nothing about that.
      Obviously a web site is not a person standing on the streets shouting: "germans did not kill jews! Its a jewish conspiracy!"

      If you had read the web site, you linked, you had noticed it does in fact supports the german stand point ^-^

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    33. Re:Americans have greater liberty by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

      Homeschooling is considered child abuse in Germany because it doesn't make sure that your child is getting a proper education and definitely prevents them from getting the necessary graduation certificates to enter higher education and have a shot at a good job. It destroys the career chances of your child for no good reason. Parents aren't qualified teachers and even if they are teachers by trade they will not be able to cover all the subjects that are part of the school curriculum up to eighth grade (which is the minimum school length and even that only qualifies you for jobs on the level of burger flipping).

      If that was the reason, the authorities would simply mandate periodic exams, and low-scoring kids would be sent to the regular school system.
      But, as I said in two different posts elsewhere, the government persecutes homeschoolers because they don't want people holding wrong
      philosophical convictions. This is a totalitarian act.

      I have never seen any real logical argument against homeschoolers.

    34. Re:Americans have greater liberty by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

      You have the freedom to get them there in a school bus but they have not the freedom to ride there with a bike.

      That does not compare with freedom of expression/religion or political freedom.

      You have the freedom to be poor and as a rich guy you have the freedom to not pay to health insurance, so the poor guys can not afford it.

      Except that the USA has Medicare, Medicaid and other programs, so you are either bald-faced lying or extremely deluded.

      You have the freedom if you are of the wrong colour someone may shoot you without trial.
      You have the freedom with the wrong colour you are convicted to death while a similar crime by a white would give him 5 or 7 years.

      In your wild imagination.

    35. Re:Americans have greater liberty by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

      I don't believe a sane person finds any difference in germany (or europe) to express their own ideas in relation to the USA.
      If you believe otherwise you are mistaken.

      When complaining about European countries censorship, I was thinking about the UK.
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_in_the_United_Kingdom

    36. Re:Americans have greater liberty by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Why don't you read up how many death penalty convicts are sitting in jail in in the US?
      And why don't you check the colour of their skin?

      Medicare or other new health insurance programes are Obamas success ... and "everyone" hates him for that.

      In relation to the USA, europe is full with news from US. You seem never to get any news from us, except via /. so your opinions are fare from objective.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    37. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How is the freedom to express one's ideas restricted in Germany?

      There are things you're not allowed to say, or express by any means in Germany. For example, try saying the words "The Holocaust never happened, it's all a conspiracy by the filthy Jew-run media!" somewhere in Germany, and see what the fuck happens to you.

      Depending on who's around, you'll either be locked up, or invited to join the 88's, or whatever the Neo-NAZI's are calling themselves this week that they think no one else knows about.

    38. Re:Americans have greater liberty by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

      Why don't you read up how many death penalty convicts are sitting in jail in in the US?
      And why don't you check the colour of their skin?

      What is your point? If the prison population is disproportionally black, that does not
      mean there is racism. Another explanation is that the crime rate is higher among blacks.
      You are accusing the USA of racism without any good evidence.

      Medicare or other new health insurance programes are Obamas success ... and "everyone" hates him for that.

      No, these programs are old.

    39. Re:Americans have greater liberty by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

      I have every right you have and quite a few you don't depending on which state you live in. That includes the right to homeschool my children.

      At least in Germany, homeschooling is verboten. This happens in some other European countries as well.

      I can protest without being placed in free-speach zones.

      I remember seeing European anti-globalization protesters being kept
      away from the World Economic forum.

      I can depend on a social safety net for me and my children should things go wrong. This allows me to experiment and try things I would never try if a string of bad luck would mean my family would not get cancer treatments.

      Also exists in the USA. A bit smaller than in the EU, but poor Americans do have a lot of help.

    40. Re:Americans have greater liberty by Raenex · · Score: 1

      German law thinks nothing about that. Obviously a web site is not a person standing on the streets shouting: "germans did not kill jews! Its a jewish conspiracy!"

      You think the laws only consider somebody ranting on the street versus published material framed in an academic setting? That's just not true.

      If you had read the web site, you linked, you had noticed it does in fact supports the german stand point ^-^

      In what way? The website I linked to was Wikipedia. It is an encyclopedia which describes the major claims of the deniers, the history of denialism, and the reactions and criticism to it, including laws against it as well as attempted legislation against it that was struck down.

    41. Re:Americans have greater liberty by rrohbeck · · Score: 1

      Try to say "I plan to kill the President" in the US and see what the fuck happens to you.
      There are always things that are illegal to say.

    42. Re:Americans have greater liberty by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

      How is the freedom to express one's ideas restricted in Germany?

      When I touched the topic of of religious freedom, I was actually thinking
      about the UK and its odious "hate speech" legislation. If you read my original
      post, I was speaking about Europe in general, and brought Germany because
      of its anti-homsechoolers persecution.

      And by being free of religion I mean being able to say that I'm an atheist without being looked at askance

      Atheists are better treated in the USA than practicing Catholics or Evangelicals are treated in Europe

      , without religion dominating a large part of politics, etc.

      First: secularists are huge hypocrites. When the Episcopal church or some Lutheran church promotes abortion
      and homosexualism, the secularists like it. But when some Evangelical/Catholic/Eastern Orthodox Christian
      condemns abortion and homosexualism, then the secularists scream day and night about the imminent danger of
      a theocracy.

      Second: a healthy, free secular country must not restrict freedom of speech or freedom of religion, which are
      two human rights. But when a religious person advocates some law, he should he heard just like an atheist should:
      with neutrality.

      So, if Christian John demands heresies to be censored, and atheist Karl demands the Bible to be censored,
      both should be disregarded, because human rights (of speech, of religion) are not negotiable. Here we agree.

      But if Christian John demands abortion to be banned and atheist Karl demands abortion to be legal,
      then both should be heard, in a free society. Because there is a huge difference between healthy secularism,
      which is neutral to religion, and anti-religious oppressive secularism, which is biased against religion.

  34. Another source with slightly different numbers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Here is a map showing an estimate of the generated solar power in Germany per region with historical and real-time values:
    http://www.sma.de/unternehmen/pv-leistung-in-deutschland.html

  35. energy != electricity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    don't confuse them both.
    There's a huge difference between france and germany.
    France is encouraing cheap and wasteful electric HEATING. This is plain crazy. At best, you get a 30% efficiency considering the rankine cycle (whatever the heat source) and distribution loss. in the middle of the winter, the french grd is vry overloaded due to this (even more lossy), and french nuclear power can't keep up : THESE BASTARDS FROM EDF THEN ARE MASSIVELY BUYING COAL ELECTRICITY FROM GERMANY ! this coal should be in a much better use for direct heating, with 80% efficiency (2,5x the heat for the same coal quantity).

    Germany, on the other side is pushing hard on many things :
    - wood heating
    - modern and very good home isolation standards (mandatory)
    - penalizing electric heating (too bad efficiency)
    - building all kinds of renewables like no other country except dennemark

    1. Re:energy != electricity by Dahamma · · Score: 1

      Are you suggesting wood or coal heating in the HOME!?

      At least in a large power plant coal burning byproducts can be relatively efficiently scrubbed, but in a home that's not realistic.

      Wood is even worse- its byproducts are just plain horrible for the environment/air quality in large quantities. It's the single biggest source of air pollution in Northern California in the winter, and most people are just doing it for FUN. It's already severely restricted in the last couple years, and will probably be outlawed entirely sometime this decade.

    2. Re:energy != electricity by FishTankX · · Score: 1

      I don't quite understand, electric heating CAN be more efficient than direct fire heating, when you use heat pumps. Alot of heatpumps have very good effifcency ratings. Are you saying that France is encouraging using Resistance heating?

    3. Re:energy != electricity by mirix · · Score: 1

      The original conversion from fuel/heat to electricity is quite lossy, so unless the heatpump is... 2-300% efficient vs. resistance heating, it would be a net loss over burning the fuel on site, I would think.

      Some power plants also pump steam to residences for heating, so... I would think that is considerably more efficient, otherwise they wouldn't do it? Maybe not..

      --
      Sent from my PDP-11
    4. Re:energy != electricity by bzipitidoo · · Score: 1

      The first use of solar energy should be for direct heating, not electricity. Don't do energy conversions for that! Design buildings with large window exposures to direct sunlight (east side for morning, and southern side in the northern hemisphere), and they practically heat themselves.

      In the HVAC industry, electric heat has a specific meaning: resistive heating. Run a great deal of current through giant resistors, which causes them to get rather hot. The typical toaster works that way. Electric heat definitely does not mean heat pumps.

      Heat pumps are good in mild climates. They are more efficient than resistive heat if the outside temperature is above freezing. Below that, the efficiency of heat pumps drops off rapidly. They are basically no good at all below -10C. For cooling, they are almost as efficient as regular A/C. Because they have to heat and cool, they can't be optimized for cooling only, so the A/C has a slight edge there. Resistive heat is a very effective, simple and robust heating method, but it takes a great deal of power.

      Steam is very inefficient. At least, the antiquated steam systems I've seen were terrible. The radiators did not have temperature control, they were basically only "on" or "off", so what I had to do to control it was open the window that was conveniently located directly above the radiator. If it was a little too hot inside, I'd open the window more, and vice versa. It's almost as if they intended the temperate to be regulated in that wasteful fashion.

      --
      Intellectual Property is a monopolistic, selfish, and defective concept. It is "tyranny over the mind of man"
    5. Re:energy != electricity by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Are you saying that France is encouraging using Resistance heating?

      Yes, that is what france is doing. Thy built the plants to have their own nukes (as in bombs) ... and sell this as "advantage" because they mainly heat houses with it. That also means on many areas house heating is not in control of the inhabitants but is switched off and switched on at a fixed date.

      This year it was very long cold, but heating already was switched off ... not funny.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    6. Re:energy != electricity by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      Are you suggesting wood or coal heating in the HOME!?

      Not coal, but wood which makes it CO2 neutral: You only release the amount of CO2 which was previously taken from the atmosphere while growing the trees. Of course the secondary emissions from processing and transport remain.

      The relevant technologies would be Pelletheizung and Hackschnitzelheizung (both articles from German Wikipedia - the English version is less detailed).

    7. Re:energy != electricity by Dahamma · · Score: 1

      CO2 is the least of your worries, it's the particulate matter that gets released in the air. In some parts of CA almost 90% of the particulate air pollution is due to wood burning. Even a "clean" pellet stove generates 100x the particulate air pollution of natural gas. It just doesn't scale to 100% home usage unless you want metropolitan valleys to look like Beijing on a bad day.

  36. How 'bout this quote from Reuters? by Krigl · · Score: 0

    http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/25/voerde-insolvency-idUSL5E8GP8ZR20120525

    That's second or third biggest aluminium producer in Germany, if I recall correctly. Remember kids, the more solar electricity Germans send to the grid, the less capacity for normal priced kinds remains ("renewables" can't be switched on and off according to demand, law assures their preferential treatment). Also, if you're from Poland or Czech Republic, kids, you're gonna pay for German ideology too, even if your government's folly wasn't that great (well, it was, German stupidity was just additional cherry on top of this shit cake).

    Germany's most certainly not abandoning old gas plants (but maybe some were retired because of old age) as some good American or "Grün" tried to tell above, it's keeping them online and building new ones, same goes for coal plants on even greater scale - 14 new plants with 11 GW of installed capacity, mostly coal ones, some gas. Also it contracted reopening of already closed monsters, like Austrian mazut plant in Graz, that's right kids, mazut. But don't worry, 'tis a clean, healthy mazut, because it's backing up wind and solar, so it's okay.
    Remember, it's true if Uncle Norbert says so. Oh, yeah, aunt Angie kicked his sorry ass out of gov't but we still gonna block any lowering of subsidies, as well as building of those 3600 km of high-voltage power lines, necessary for getting our grid out of state of permanent near-failure. Those Poles and Czechs will never get to installing those phase shifters nor will their grids afford to fail under overload from our sources, cause that would be BAD.

    And remember: Energy Revolution is in full swing! So careful, it might hit you.

    --
    Troll 2.0 Fear my asocial networking!
  37. Do not discount a Smart Distrbuted Grid by bussdriver · · Score: 2

    A next-gen grid like Germany is aiming to have will be able to move power from sunlit areas to cloudy areas and from windy areas to calm areas. A large distributed power grid capable of smart utilization in addition to these smart devices adjusting their usage will go a LONG way. Too many people forget completely about the significant gains that can be made simply by having intelligence applied to grid for the 1st time.

    Power storage is not as huge of an issue as people like to make it into-- promoted as an excuse for not doing anything until everything is completely solved and costs less than the current prices for traditional power (which will continue to rise and never include all the hidden costs either...)

    If you build it, they will come. New power storage systems will be created to meet the increased interest and demand. The best solution may be localized battery units (distributed;) minimizing the need to import power. A simple per-minute pricing system for the grid would lay the groundwork for a distributed market of power storage solutions. BTW, nissan is already close to having their cars double as power storage.

    Heating/Cooling is the largest power user. The two could be virtually eliminated just by using the building code regulations.

    1. Re:Do not discount a Smart Distrbuted Grid by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Heating/Cooling is the largest power user. The two could be virtually eliminated just by using the building code regulations.

      brilliant!

  38. Not surprising! It was sunny as hell! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I was outside the last days, and it was crazy sunny. Getting a light tan in 1 hour outside is *not* normal for Germany. So that's what it comes from.
    I'd like to see them meet those demands in the winter...

  39. Russian Natural Gas Embargo by DaKong · · Score: 2

    It's funny you mention Russian natural gas, because it was when Russia shut down the gas pipeline that runs through the Ukraine to Germany and the rest of Europe that the Germans decided they needed to get real about renewable energy in a hot hurry. Now, the Russians did it to mess with the Ukraine, not with Germany or anyone else, but the collateral damage to the latter was considerable. Wonder how good an idea the Russians think that monkey business was now, with the rest of Northern Europe coming to see their gas supplies as a strategic vulnerability?

    Anyway Germans shutting down their nuclear plants started when the Greens became a significant player in the coalition government. They've been anti-nuclear for 30-40 years, so when they got power they got busy immediately realizing their heart's desire. Fukushima is quite a recent development, but far from the only thing driving Germans to go to green power.

    I'm curious to see what shifting their economy to local solar, wind, and biomass power will do for their overall competitiveness. Will they lure back even more manufacturing when future oil/gas/fossil fuel shocks hit other major economies?

    --
    If not us, who? If not now, when?
    1. Re:Russian Natural Gas Embargo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's funny you mention Russian natural gas, because it was when Russia shut down the gas pipeline that runs through the Ukraine to Germany and the rest of Europe that the Germans decided they needed to get real about renewable energy in a hot hurry. Now, the Russians did it to mess with the Ukraine, not with Germany or anyone else, but the collateral damage to the latter was considerable. Wonder how good an idea the Russians think that monkey business was now, with the rest of Northern Europe coming to see their gas supplies as a strategic vulnerability?

      The 1973 OPEC / Arab Embargo had a similar effect. The USA quickly went on an energy conservation binge. Even though Carter's 'maliase' speech with advice to turn the thermostat down and put on a sweater did not do him much good, people followed his advice. Or didn't follow, but lead and just did it. A graph of US energy consumption for the last century would show a fairly consistent rise from 1900 to 1973, where it leveled off with minimal rise until circa 1990.

      Saudi Arabia learned a lesson. They have turned the sprocket down at times, but not for too long.

  40. The measurement is almost meaningless by fnj · · Score: 3, Interesting

    22 GW of power produced during very favorable periods. I would be MUCH more interested to find how much the MEAN power over the course of a full year is, and how large a fraction of 22 GW is. I imagine a pretty goddam small fraction. For half of every day, solar power is zero. For many days of the year that are completely overcast, solar power is reduced to a very small part of nominal noonday.

    I.e., annual solar energy production is a much more meaningful measurement than PEAK solar power production.

    1. Re:The measurement is almost meaningless by tp1024 · · Score: 1

      The average is on the order of 3.5% or 2.5 GW.

    2. Re:The measurement is almost meaningless by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Annual average is about 2.5GW.

    3. Re:The measurement is almost meaningless by ShakaUVM · · Score: 1

      Yeah, they're comparing the rated capacity of solar versus nuclear, instead of looking at the operating capacity of the two sources.

      Solar's capacity factor is less than 20%.
      Nuclear's capacity factor is around 70-90%, depending on how you do the math.

      This article is almost entirely a smokescreen for the fact that Germany has been shutting down its nuclear capacity and replacing it with fossil fuels.

      For this reason, Germany's per-capita CO2 output is almost twice as high as nuclear-friendly France.

  41. Americans have greater liberty by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1, Offtopic

    As opposed to US politics, there is a consensus in German politics. Namely that politics is for the benefit of the people and society. Business is a part of that society, not the other way around.

    No, it is not that. It is just that Americans have a strong commitment to freedom, while certain European countries
    sacrifice freedom in order to reach a higher (by material standards and measured by HDI) standard of living.
    That is why homeschooling is generally legal in America, while in Germany there is a Nazi-era law
    that persecutes homeschoolers as if they were rapists. In Germany, the freedom to teach one's own
    child is less important than the benefit of having ideological uniformity in the nation, making for a stronger
    society. Another example is "hate speech" legislation that makes politically incorrect ideas verboten.
    Yet another example is the excessive tax burden of Scandinavian countries, which amounts to
    a violation of property rights.

    Even if the USA didn't have the world's fourth highest HDI (behind only the Netherlands, Australia and Norway),
    and the world's most advanced science/technology, it would still be the best place to live due to political decentralisation
    (state's rights) and a strong liberty-protecting Constitution (specially the First Amendment).

    Freedom trumps all.
    (posting again because some dishonest moderator moded my original post down)

  42. I think it is called by ILongForDarkness · · Score: 1

    A GWh not a 22 gigawatts per hour, 22GWh. 22 giga joules per hour would have made sense though :)

  43. Subsidising solar is a waste of money by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

    Reducing *oil* consumption is the key.

    Oil comes from very oppressive and aggressive places - Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Iran. By buying oil we fund a future Jewish genocide. We engage Israel's enemies militarily (thus enlarging the already excessive US military, and feeding anti-Americanism) with our right hand and throw bags of money at them with our left hand. This is *extremely* counter-productive; it would be very funny if it wasn't so tragic. The government should overtax gas-guzzlers (including SUVs!), subsidise economic/flex-fuel cars and lift the barriers on Brazilian ethanol. All the money for solar subsidies should instead go to biofuel.

    (posting again because some dishonest moderator modded me down).

  44. Mod parent UNDERRATED by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 0

    Please, mod parent underrated.
    It is actually an informative post.
    And it is currently at +2 Flamebait.
    I have never seen a +5 Flamebait.
    So please do.

  45. Anon For Now. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So, It takes 20 Nuclear reactors to produce 22-gigawats/hour? Exactly how many solar power plants are they using to achieve this "record" amount of power? 50? 60? 100? 200? In addition, exactly how BIG are these solar plants? Although we need to find something more... innocuous, shall we say, than Nuclear power, 40 solar power plants at twice the size producing the same power as 20 Nuclear plants at half the size can do, is NOT the way to go. Not yet anyway. It should be pursued and adopted when it's more space efficient, THAT is when it should be adopted. Our world is already over populated by people (living AND dead, although the dead just take up space as apposed to space/food/water/etc.), it does not need to be over populated by power plants as well. We just don't have the space. If EVERYONE ate as much red meat as the average American, we would need MULTIPLE EARTHS just to sustain the live stock to feed us.

    For the record, I am NOT an environmentalist, I do NOT think climate change is "all human's fault", I firmly hold to the idea that people kill people WITH GUNS and people toast toast WITH TOASTERS, and that some (Chuck Norris) can do both with their BRAINS. I think compromise is almost ALWAYS the best solution and I think people who are diehard are usually placed somewhere in the middle of a scale between silly and retarded. I did not vote for Obama, I did not vote for McCain, In fact, I was only 17. Could I have voted, I would have voted for me, because I'm more qualified than any politician for several reasons: A) I'm not being paid off by any Mega Corps. B) I don't pretend to know shit I don't. C) I'm not experienced, So I don't immediately scrap ideas that are "too far fetched" D) I have actually BEEN in Grade in High School within the past decade, and, quite frankly, it held me back. Some children should be left behind, and Some children should be left unbound. E) A government is for IT'S PEOPLE. not EVERYONE. The place of government is to govern IT'S PEOPLE not EVERYONE. With that said, no government should be messing with anything that is worldwide (ex: Internet) unless a world wide vote is taken WITHOUT representatives (Because we don't need them anymore, that's actually the next point.) and passed with an absolutely, undeniably clear majority. such as 75-80%. But we would be hard pressed to do such a thing without a world government, which isn't, and SHOULD NOT happen. EVER. NEVER. EVER. as in N-E-V-E-R E-V-E-R. F) People do not need represented by other people anymore when it comes to voting, because people know enough to represent themselves. That whole system came about because, at the time, where was absolutely no way the US could. The informational infrastructure just wasn't around. Today it IS. Tangentially related: There should be a short 10 question written quiz about the two major opponents in an election. Stuff like "What is position on firearms?" where you would have to answer half of them reasonably accurately in order to vote for any elected person (Laws and other such things, not related to electing an official would not have this.) to stop the morons who vote for someone because "He's Hot". G) Bigger is not better. Things that are big tend to be far less effective. The one exception that comes to mind is Levers. Bigger levers are better.... as long as they aren't TOO big. Assuming a jump in technology to the space age, this is how government should be handled. A Galactic Government would be responsible for delegations regarding inter-species interactions (ex: Do not serve the mixed drinks known as Cyanide Clydes or Arsenic Abominations to humans, as such drinks would prove deadly to them.) and Inter-species trade, basically trade between Wookie and Human space. The galactic government would be to big to handle much more than that. so then species governments would regulate inter-stellar trade, conduct, and other such things like that, but it would, again, be too big to do much else. Planetary governments would assist the species governments, and also serve as the planet's militi

  46. It is actually Gigawatts per one hour by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Mr. Allnoch repeated Gigawatts per hour several times in his interview for Reuters. They must have been able to supply 22GW for a whole hour.

  47. Please mod parent UP to offset moderator abuse by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

    Someone moderated me "Troll". This is dishonest. The above post is intellectually honest, fact-based and respectful.

  48. Please moderate parent UP to offst moderator abuse by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 0

    Someone moderated the above comment "Troll". This is clearly dishonest.
    The above comment is respectful, and it is my honest opinion about
    freedom.
    I hope the guy is caught by the meta-moderators.

  49. Insulation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    >>Germany, on the other side is pushing hard on many things :
    >>- modern and very good home isolation standards (mandatory)

    There are some good jokes to be made there -- I think he meant insulation -- but I'd actually like some isolation standards. The main reason I couldn't live in a big city for any length of time is having your neighbors right on top of you. I need my peace and quiet.

  50. if they can just... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Get that bastard up to 88 miles per hour....

  51. Good luck -- you'll need it some years from now by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    For a simple analysis of electricity price comparisons, say Germany against France or Finland, see:
    http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Electricity_and_natural_gas_price_statistics

    This extra reliance on green energy over nuclear is a likely policy failure that will impact on Germans long after the Angela Merkel is out of office. Cheap energy is what an economy needs to flourish. I for one won't weep if Germany starts going backwards in after a few years compared to nuclear embracing countries.

  52. Parents love their children more thn th government by Veritatis_splendor · · Score: 2

    In the US, it seems that parents have more rights than their children, so you see home-schooling as the expression of a parent's right to educate their child as they see fit.

    It is not that "parents have more rights than children". It is just that parents are, except under rare and extreme circumstances, the best people to protect their children's rights. It is like the concept of national sovereignty: the U.N. shouldn't, except under extreme circumstances, meddle into a country's internal affairs. This is not because "national governments have more rights than their citizens", it is just that national governments are better suited to protect their citizens rights than an international government. In fact, the national government should normally defer to the local government, and so on. By the way, this is another area where Americans have greater liberty: their political system is more decentralised, with each state having its own laws. This means that the laws of each state better reflects its population's values. It also means that you can easily change jurisdictions and find one that matches your beliefs. You can choose to live among rugged tea-partiers in Texas, and the corresponding laws, or among the more-leftist-than-Herbert-Marcuse-himself of Massachusetts or California. This freedom is awesome.

    Within Europe, we're very keen on childrens' rights, and thus it's more important that every child is guaranteed access to a good standard of education, and we feel that home-schooling isn't sufficient for that. [...] , it's about protecting children from parents that don't really know how to teach.

    Wrong. If the point was about good standards of education, they would simply mandate periodic exams, and send low-scoring kids to the regular
    school system.

    It's nothing to do with idealogical uniformity

    It has everything to do with ideological uniformity.
    From Wikipedia:

    The European Court endorsed a "carefully reasoned" decision of the German court concerning "the general interest of society to avoid the emergence of parallel societies based on separate philosophical convictions and the importance of integrating minorities into society."[52]

    In other words, they won't allow significant portions of their society to have unauthorised philosophical convictions.

    In January 2010, a United States immigration judge granted asylum to a German homeschooling family, apparently based on this ban on homeschooling. This was damn right.

    Calling this a Nazi-era persecution law just shows an ignorance of European cultural values.

    Wrong. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights says

    Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

    And Universal Human Rights transcend cultural borders.

    --
    I am JOrgePeixoto. I created tis accounted to overcome the 50-comment limit (yes, I'm an addict)
  53. Easy to understand "Gigawatts per hour" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's a unit of journalistic fail.

  54. US is an undemocratic bureaucracy by manu0601 · · Score: 1

    If you don't think governments (including the US) already have control over power generation then you're delusional.

    I suspect you missed the point. I think free market just cannot solve this problem, and state planification and is required. But at the UE level, you just have a free-market obsessed bureaucracy that is not held accountable by citizen. UE member state cooperation is required here, but that can be done without UE bureaucracy.

    1. Re:US is an undemocratic bureaucracy by Zorpheus · · Score: 1

      I agree with you, direct corporation between the affected states is the better solution than to add more responsibility to the EU bureaucracy in its current state.

    2. Re:US is an undemocratic bureaucracy by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      I suspect you missed the point. - Fair enough, it seems I did.

      To nit-pick a "free market" is not a market free of regulation, in fact the word 'market' refers to a set of regulations governing trade, such as property law and company law. The word 'free' means anyone can participate in the market (as opposed to a cartel/state restricting entry into the market). The tebagger interpretation of "free market" as a market without regulation is either a tautology or an oxymoron, but I'm not sure which.

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
  55. Import / Export? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I can't remember if Germany was an overall importer or exporter of power. How does switching to solar alter the ratio? If they have reduced their exports how are their usual consumers impacted?

  56. What does that have to do with anything? by Internetuser1248 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So how much is it when it is raining or cloudy?

    It seems like 90% of this thread is arguing either for or against the notion that we shouldn't use solar power because it isn't always available. Rather than just mindlessly shouting about the relative price and reliability of solar vs. nuclear and the statistics about what times of day and times of year we have peak power usage, can we just examine this premise for a short moment?

    We have a plentiful energy source which is sometimes (regularly) available to us. You are saying we shouldn't use it? Really? Your basis for that argument is that we can't use it all the time. This means we should never use it? I feel I must politely disagree with you there. Would you advise farmers not to grow seasonal vegetables because they cant grow them in winter? Would you advise people in a desert not to collect rainwater because it doesn't fall much in the desert? Would you advise me not to socialise with my friends because sometimes they have to work?

    The article is about how an industrialised nation has demonstrated that it is economically and industrially feasible to harvest significant amounts of energy from the sun. Anyone want to talk about that? No? Well I do. I think this is great news. Good work everyone involved. Hopefully we can look forward to power bills going down in the future but what is money compared to the future habitability of the world? If a country like Germany can do this with the climate they have, this bodes very well for equatorial countries. Germany also has significant amounts of wind power, which also works at night and during the winter. Perhaps it would have been a better idea to start shutting down the coal plants first and the nuclear ones after. That debate on that has raged on this site for many pages, I myself am unsure about the answer. I want to see both phased out. Another important question is: How can we generate more clean, fuel independent energy? More solar farms and wind farms seem like a good idea. Geothermal and hydroelectric are nice for base load although hydro can be affected by weather as well. Osmotic power seems like an interesting variant, and Tesla's old idea of generating power from temperature gradients in the ocean seems worth a second look and maybe one day between the earths atmosphere and space, generation of electricity that is fuelled directly by global warming and works as a direct counter to it. I am getting too far into the possible future though now. The scientists have been doing good work though so far with solar and wind and I have every confidence in their abilities. Let's enjoy the good news for once, shilling for the nuclear power industry can wait till the next thread, and the next, and the next...

    1. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well said. Hopefully this can finally jump start sort of North African power generation project of the sort that have been bounced around in Europe for a while. If Germany can do this with panels, then running high efficiency lines into the Sahara (need to connect all of Europe anyway, just extend a bit further) and plastering the place with solar tower should finally ring a bell.

    2. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No. The difference is solar is not baseload power. Wind is not baseload power.

      On the other hand, geothermal and hydro are baseload power.

      There are only very specific geographic locations where solar and wind can be considered baseload. For example, Saudi Arabia can use solar as baseload. Germany, not so much.

      So of course people will try to get some sort of buffers to make solar/wind not so unpredictable in places like Germany. It may even work, for a while. But sooner or later that will fail without a backup that can last a few weeks at a time.

      Finally, what I hate the most is these ridicules gov't subsidies. It is one thing when gov't provides funds for basic research - science is always a good investment. It is quite another to what happened with solar over last decade. Ridicules production subsidies everywhere. Hell, I would 100% support a revenue neutral carbon tax on fossil fuels or on nuclear power or whatever that then simply would not apply to other power sources. It is quite another when politicians pick their favourite lobby groups and give them money. 13c/kWh wind, 35c/kWh solar. WTF is the difference??? This entire subsidy crap stinks of corruption and cronyism and celebrating this is frankly sickening.

      Like all other schemes where solution is imposed by politics is going to fail. The great boondoggle of 21st century.

    3. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by cheesybagel · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Solar power is nuclear fusion power... It is just that the reactor is really far away. The problem is one of cost effectiveness. Once solar panels are price competitive people will use them. Yet it is still an intermittent energy source so you will need some storage mechanism or backup generator increasing the system costs further.

      Removing nuclear fission from the equation is stupid. It is cheap and plentiful, safer than most alternatives, and you either use it or lose it. All U-235 on Earth is going to decay eventually so either we use it before it decays or we will never be able to use it anymore. Solar panels are not necessarily clean. Silicon solar panels fabrication in particular uses solvents and acids in the manufacturing process which must be disposed of or recycled at a steep cost. Given that most solar panel production is currently in China I wouldn't be surprised to find out they simply dumped the toxic waste it into a nearby pond or river.

      The problem with temperature gradients in the ocean is that the temperature difference is too small for a heat engine to have decent performance. Try reading about OTEC power plants. Large and expensive infrastructure built in the ocean. Even if you use ammonia as the heat fluid the performance is crap.

    4. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      Well, it was good enough to get the Chinese into the race. They now have the three largest solar cell manufacturers in the world. The manufacturing cost of solar panels has also come down due to improved production processes. The cost is now around the mythical $1/Watt where solar is supposed to be effective enough to compete with grid generated power. The issue is that it still is intermittent and you still need to buy an inverter to use the power.

    5. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by jones_supa · · Score: 1

      You are saying we shouldn't use it? Really? Your basis for that argument is that we can't use it all the time. This means we should never use it? I feel I must politely disagree with you there. Would you advise farmers not to grow seasonal vegetables because they cant grow them in winter? Would you advise people in a desert not to collect rainwater because it doesn't fall much in the desert? Would you advise me not to socialise with my friends because sometimes they have to work?

      Hehehe, well said! I wanted to make a sidenote on that, I often see in Slashdot some technology being stomped down for it not being completely perfect in every aspect. For cripessakes people, it doesn't mean it's all unusable!

    6. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I prefer my reactors to be really far away. The distance to the sun seems just right!

    7. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by robinjo · · Score: 1

      We have a plentiful energy source which is sometimes (regularly) available to us. You are saying we shouldn't use it? Really? Your basis for that argument is that we can't use it all the time. This means we should never use it? I feel I must politely disagree with you there. Would you advise farmers not to grow seasonal vegetables because they cant grow them in winter? Would you advise people in a desert not to collect rainwater because it doesn't fall much in the desert? Would you advise me not to socialise with my friends because sometimes they have to work?

      You, like the renewables industry, are comparing apples and oranges. Energy is not seasonal vegetables. Energy has to be produced reliably 24/7, 365 days a year, regardless of what kind of weather there happens to be.

      The article is about how an industrialised nation has demonstrated that it is economically and industrially feasible to harvest significant amounts of energy from the sun. Anyone want to talk about that?

      They have not showed that. They have demonstrated, that you can build a lot of solar panels and wind mills, if you invest a sickening amount of money in them and pay over 100% in subsidies. When you look closer at the results, you notice that it's anything but economically feasible and it's causing a lot of problems:

      http://www.eike-klima-energie.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/Bilder_Dateien/Keil_Energiewende_gescheitert/2012-EIKE_Germanys_green_energy_turnaround_V2.pdf

    8. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by cgaertner · · Score: 2

      All U-235 on Earth is going to decay eventually so either we use it before it decays or we will never be able to use it anymore.

      Considering the half-life of U235, U238 and Th232, running out of fuel because of natural decay is a non-issue.

    9. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by cycoj · · Score: 1

      Actually nuclear is not cheap at all. The return on investment which is pretty much the standard measure for how expensive a technology is is 5-10 for nuclear, similar to photovoltaics and coal/gas. Wind on the other hand has an ROI of 18-25, that means you actually have produced all the energy it takes to make and operate your wind turbine over its lifetime in about 2 years, after that it's all a positive energy (pun intented). Nuclear power plants on the other hand need about 30 years to break even. And all ROI and such calculations never include the cost of storage of nuclear waste, because it's such a difficult thing to calculate. (source:http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_return_on_investment_(EROI)_for_wind_energy)

      As to the question of base load. If your grid is sufficiently large and good, and your fluctuating power sources such as wind and solar, do not follow the same circles, you don't need any base load at all. It's actually more efficient to not have base load. You can find several studies on this if you use google. Now the current problem with this approach is that electricity grids are neither good, nor smart enough.

    10. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by cycoj · · Score: 1

      The article is about how an industrialised nation has demonstrated that it is economically and industrially feasible to harvest significant amounts of energy from the sun. Anyone want to talk about that?

      They have not showed that. They have demonstrated, that you can build a lot of solar panels and wind mills, if you invest a sickening amount of money in them and pay over 100% in subsidies. When you look closer at the results, you notice that it's anything but economically feasible and it's causing a lot of problems:

      http://www.eike-klima-energie.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/Bilder_Dateien/Keil_Energiewende_gescheitert/2012-EIKE_Germanys_green_energy_turnaround_V2.pdf

      Unlike the nuclear industry who has not received any subsidies in the last 50 odd years.

    11. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Internetuser1248 · · Score: 1

      Energy has to be produced reliably 24/7, 365 days a year, regardless of what kind of weather there happens to be.

      Yes, and we now have decent way to produce it on summer days. So that is 12-25% of the problem taken care of. Now for the rest.

    12. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by khallow · · Score: 1

      You are saying we shouldn't use it?

      Use it for what? The thing here is that this story presents solar power as part of the replacement for nuclear and fossil fuel power. The thing that they and you ignore is that nuclear and coal, the primary two are "base load" generation while solar currently is an inconsistent "peaking load" generation. Base load here is always on while peaking load provides power more or less around the peak times of greatest electricity consumption. That means that solar can't replace what's being removed without some major development of energy storage.

      Second, the criticism here is of solar power's variability and unreliability. Current power production is intended to be always on and providing what is demanded. If you insert large variable sources into your grid such as solar and wind, then you need something to compensate for both over- and underproduction.

      Germany does so through its neighbors, particularly France and Scandinavia. This ability to import and export large amounts of power for a major country is unique to the European market. The US does the same, but it can do so only with Canada and Mexico. They couldn't absorb the deficits and surpluses in the case where the US had similar solar and wind power generation ratios comparable to what Germany has.

      The article is about how an industrialised nation has demonstrated that it is economically and industrially feasible to harvest significant amounts of energy from the sun.

      It's worth noting here that this hasn't been done. These huge shares of power are only in the presence of massive public subsidy. Would they still exist in the absence of a meddling government? No way.

    13. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by ShnowDoggie · · Score: 1

      Energy does not have to be produced 24/7, 365 days a year. A smarter grid should be able to compensate for a local lack of power generation. For instance, if every home, or perhaps just at a block level, had a fuel cell then there can be local power without local generation. This has the positive side affect of to provide some power even when some event cuts distribution upstream.

      The intent of the article was more to demonstrate the growth in solar power generation over a short period of time and less about an analysis of direct or indirect costs. To see what was achieved really is impressive.

      Clearly this was done without bankrupting Germany. Also, clearly Germany has maintained a base of operating nuclear plants. And finally this issue of how to provide power is one without a black and white answer. I think we should keeps both our minds and our options open. If I was the one charged with making an energy strategy I would invest heavily in new technologies and maintain a diverse operation of proven supplies. On that note, i can add this: Hopefully those in charge have more know how than I.

    14. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Without subsidies coal and nuclear wouldn't exist either. What is your point? That all electricity is evil?

    15. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by garyoa1 · · Score: 1

      I agree with you on all but the price drop. This likely won't be become common until they (sadly) can figure out a way to brainwash us into believing it costs more to produce it. Remember, the idea behind nuclear was that besides being cleaner and greener, etc, etc, etc, it would cost us less for electricity. Once they opened up that local plant... ended up costing us more.

      --
      Wuddooeyeno? IITYWYBMAD? Like nuts? eclecticallyincorrect.com
    16. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Solar power is nuclear fusion power... in the same sense that veggie granola is soylent green.
      They ultimately derive from the same chemical/physical processes, but the economic and societal effects can be somewhat different.

    17. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And they are here on Denmark. With a population of only 5,5 million, about 150 households pr. day here in 2012 are applying for getting a solar panel installation connected to the grid.
      the reason are the worlds highest electricity price(75% are taxes and "green" energy fees), the and the fall in prices on panels and that private(non business) can use meters that run backwards for installations up to 6000W. (maximum 3000w pr phase). There a talks/rumors about raising the limit to 9000W installations.

    18. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by chrb · · Score: 2

      This entire subsidy crap stinks of corruption and cronyism and celebrating this is frankly sickening.

      You do realise that power production from nuclear and fossil fuels is also subsidized by the government?

    19. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      Considering only construction costs, building anything that can't contribute to the baseline load - terrestrial solar and wind - is a waste of money.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
    20. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      Your analogy among solar power, farming, desert rainwater collection, and socialization is defective. Of the four, solar power is unique because its benefits cannot be stored with near 100% effectiveness.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
    21. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Genda · · Score: 1

      With the advent of a new cheap, high efficiency catalyst (no noble metals involved) there is no reason that Germany or any other country can't use that solar energy to produce hydrogen in bulk quantities both as a fuel for transport and as a fuel to buffer electrical generation during nonsolar portions of the clock. In fact, one could stockpile significant amounts of LH, and you now have a perfectly viable energy economy that is in fact baseload driven.

      The serious obstacles to a renewable energy economy are neither technological, economic, or political. They are in fact commercial. There are a number of very powerful, influential groups committed to maintaining the economic status quo because it serves their interests, even if it serves nobody else's. It would be easy to site breakthrough after breakthrough in just the last five years making solar technologies, wind technologies, geothermal, OTECs (ocean thermal gradients plus low pressure turbines), and tidal hydroelectric, real and viable alternatives. There are also a host of new nuclear technologies, including small, self contained, run-away-proof reactors, that could be honest to goodness game changers. This isn't about tree hugging. It is about embracing a sane and sustainable future and not walking away from opportunities. Germany will prove a lot of nay-sayers dead wrong, and then how will they justify their positions? Its time to wake up and build the future. Its also time to the tell those who would bind us to an unworkable and untenable future, that their wealth will not come at the jeopardy of future generations or of a healthy planet which serves the interest of those generations.

    22. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Genda · · Score: 4, Informative

      Solar power is nuclear fusion power... It is just that the reactor is really far away. The problem is one of cost effectiveness. Once solar panels are price competitive people will use them. Yet it is still an intermittent energy source so you will need some storage mechanism or backup generator increasing the system costs further.

      Just the other day, there was an article on Slashdot crowing about a fantastic breakthrough. allowing for a cheap, easy to manufacture efficient, stable thin film cell. Even now the cost for solar is below a $1 per watt and most sources predict a $0.50 per watt solar cell by next summer making solar a viable contender against coal for power generation. Add the recent breakthrough in cheap, nontoxic, high efficiency catalysts for hydrogen production and now we can easily convert that electricity to hydrogen to manage power storage. No need for backup generators, no need for anything but repurposed liquid gas storage

      Removing nuclear fission from the equation is stupid. It is cheap and plentiful, safer than most alternatives, and you either use it or lose it. All U-235 on Earth is going to decay eventually so either we use it before it decays or we will never be able to use it anymore. Solar panels are not necessarily clean. Silicon solar panels fabrication in particular uses solvents and acids in the manufacturing process which must be disposed of or recycled at a steep cost. Given that most solar panel production is currently in China I wouldn't be surprised to find out they simply dumped the toxic waste it into a nearby pond or river.

      Agreed, however, there are a lot of exciting new technologies that remove weapon production from the equation. Talk to Iran, offer them Thorium reactors with international support from the U.N. so they can have their nuclear power, and join the rest of the modern world, and we can all be safe knowing they don't intend to blow anyone up in perhaps a synagogue near by? Small reactors that are virtually run-away-proof, are going to be the preferred technology of many developing nations. They are clean, right-priced, and can be mass produced like batteries. Could it possibly get any better?

      The problem with temperature gradients in the ocean is that the temperature difference is too small for a heat engine to have decent performance. Try reading about OTEC power plants. Large and expensive infrastructure built in the ocean. Even if you use ammonia as the heat fluid the performance is crap.

      I have done the reading, and as of 2009,10 and 11, respected researcher all over the map (with a high concentration in China) are saying OTECS are the wave of the future. The problem is to place them in the tropics in places with access to deep water. Here the temperature differences between warm surface water and deep water can exceed 60F. Added benefits include getting potable fresh water, high mineral seawater for aquaculture and the potential mitigation of violent storms. So besides generating huge amounts of power, OTECs can be used to provide fresh water to coastal cities in the tropics, and dramatically expand aquaculture providing whole new renewable ocean industries as well as significant carbon sequestration. Oh there are also several interesting designs for large ships/platforms using OTECs as their power source (obviously stable or slow moving), these sea platforms could be part of a new series of habitats for both surface and subsurface ocean living and exploration. Life is complicated. Every new solution brings new problems. That said, I'm hearing opportunity knocking hard and loud. I can't imagine a single viable reason why we shouldn't be answering.

    23. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Again, the age old wrong base load argument. How high in percentages is base load in your country? Do you even know it?
      With far over 20% power yield the solar plants are used for base load. For what else?
      Solar plants can not easy used for peak load. Because you can not "drive" them.
      Base load: the amount of power that is always fed into the greed, regardless of demand. That has nothing to do with power generation technology. Every plant is base load "capable".
      Get a clue about energy grids work ... well, at least how first world grids work ... USA does not count to first world regarding power grids or water supplies ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    24. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Error number one: Base load: the amount of energy always fed into the grid, regardless of demand.
      Error number two: every plant is base load able.
      You only need to be able to estimate the amount of energy you get from wind and solar the next hour and regulate your other plants accordingly.
      Point: you don't know what baseload is or means.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    25. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by khallow · · Score: 1

      Without subsidies coal and nuclear wouldn't exist either.

      Coal-based power would still exist.

    26. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by khallow · · Score: 1

      Again, the age old wrong base load argument.

      It has to be wrong first in order to be wrong. What the base load argument is, is more of a hurdle, a "you must be this high to ride this ride".

      Base load: the amount of power that is always fed into the greed, regardless of demand. That has nothing to do with power generation technology. Every plant is base load "capable".

      Base load is simply constant power generation over a whole day. Solar is far from constant. You can get a factor of two difference in power output just from cloud cover. And it remains that solar, by itself, can't generate constant power over a day just due to night.

      How high in percentages is base load in your country?

      Base load is a percentage of what? If you mean peak demand, then it's probably a bit lower than 40%. If you mean total electricity usage, then it might be more around half.

      With far over 20% power yield the solar plants are used for base load.

      No they can't be. As someone pointed out already, when the Sun isn't shining, then they aren't producing (the vast majority of German solar power apparently being photovoltaic cells rather than solar thermal which can in some cases produce modest power after dark).

      What you are really claiming is that solar in conjunction with some other systems (in Germany its hydroelectric) can act as baseload.

      Get a clue about energy grids work ... well, at least how first world grids work ... USA does not count to first world regarding power grids or water supplies ...

      I already have one. And check out southern California (which last I checked was still in the US) for examples of power grids and water supplies that would be remarkable in any first world country.

    27. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      As I said before, you havo no clue what base load is.

      Again: base load is the amount of energy that is always pumped into the grid. Regardless of demand
      So there is no fluctuation between your estimated 40% and 50%. It is constant.

      So, again. Just so that you can think about it. Base load is the energy you pump into the grid. It has nothing to do from where the power is coming and how it is produced.

      And yes, we are using wind and solar for base load. It is completely unusable for peak load. However, at some point the difference between base load and load following and peak load is vanishing a bit. In fact peak load is only delivered by water power and special gas plants (or bought from other countries)

      So, if wind and solar is unable to yield base load: where is germanys base load coming from in your opinion?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    28. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      How long ago was the U-235 on Earth created?

    29. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      I don't know where you got those numbers for EROI for nuclear. Most likely the U-235 is being separated using gas diffusion rather than centrifuges and other bullshit assumptions are being made to make the numbers worse. 30 years for return on investment is clearly bollocks since nuclear power plants originally had a 20 years lifespan. If that was the case they wouldn't get built to begin with, people would have kept burning coal instead.

    30. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by dave87656 · · Score: 1

      Yet it is still an intermittent energy source so you will need some storage mechanism or backup generator increasing the system costs further.

      A storage mechanism would be great but the "backup generator" you are talking about already exists in the current power grid. Solar and Wind don't have to replace the entire grid. The current sources (coal for the most part in Germany) supply electricity when the solar and power don't produce enough.

    31. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by dave87656 · · Score: 1

      All U-235 on Earth is going to decay eventually so either we use it before it decays or we will never be able to use it anymore.

      Yes, but it has a half-life of 25,000 years so I think we can relax about that for a few hundred years.

    32. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Hadlock · · Score: 1

      Maybe it's intermittent where you live; if I could run my AC for free during the day here in Dallas, the house would probably be cold enough by the time the sun sets that I could coast through till dawn and still have it below 78F in here. The electronics I run during the night would still keep my bill hovering around $35/mo, but that's $200/mo I'd be saving.

      --
      moox. for a new generation.
    33. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      How long ago was the U-235 on Earth created?

      That question is irrelevant: A 4 billion year old Uranium atom is as stable (ie has the same probability to decay) as a newly created one.

      In a 1000 years, we'll only lose 1/10000 per-cent of U235 to natural decay, so there's no need to hurry on that account.

    34. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      Yes, but it has a half-life of 25,000 years so I think we can relax about that for a few hundred years.

      U235 has a half-life of 7,038 × 10^8 years - perhaps you're mixing it up with Pu239?

    35. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by khallow · · Score: 1

      Again: base load is the amount of energy that is always pumped into the grid. Regardless of demand So there is no fluctuation between your estimated 40% and 50%. It is constant.

      Yes, what I've been saying all along.

      So, again. Just so that you can think about it. Base load is the energy you pump into the grid. It has nothing to do from where the power is coming and how it is produced.

      Which is obviously wrong, because it does matter, as I have repeatedly pointed out where that power comes from. A variable source doesn't produce constant power (by definition) and hence is not fully base load. If as in the case of solar or wind, it can routinely have zero power production (night or no wind respectively), then none of it can be considered base load.

      And yes, we are using wind and solar for base load.

      What makes you think someone is?

      In fact peak load is only delivered by water power and special gas plants (or bought from other countries).

      Or by solar, which has a good fit with summer time consumption. Further, most places don't have enough hydro to cover peak load. I believe Germany falls in that category despite having plentiful hydro power.

      So, if wind and solar is unable to yield base load: where is germanys base load coming from in your opinion?

      Mostly from nuclear power in France and coal power in Germany and elsewhere. I imagine wind power smoothed out and backed up by hydro or natural gas (forms of power that can start and stop rather quickly) forms a bit of the base load too. Finally, there's probably a small amount of geothermal.

      However, at some point the difference between base load and load following and peak load is vanishing a bit.

      Only when demand is nearly constant or electricity ceases to be a good that needs to be consumed near instantly. That's not happening here.

      I think there are two points to make here. First, contrary to repeated assertion, it does matter how variable and unpredictable a form of power is. You can still use it, but you incur some cost due to infrastructure needed to reduce those traits to acceptable levels. Base load power in particular is constant, predictable supply and can't be provided by raw solar or wind power.

      Second, it's worth remembering that Germany is in the midst of a huge electricity market and it can cover flaws in its power generation by purchasing power from its neighbors. It is folly to consider German power generation in isolation.

    36. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by khallow · · Score: 1

      So there is no fluctuation between your estimated 40% and 50%.

      A remarkable thing to say given that it was pretty obvious that the "fluctuation" above was due to changing what I compared base load power to.

    37. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by cgaertner · · Score: 1

      U235 has a half-life of 7,038 × 10^8 years - perhaps you're mixing it up with Pu239?

      Sorry, that should have read 7.038 × 10^8 years - copied the figure from German Wikipedia...

    38. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Unknown+Lamer · · Score: 1

      I really don't get why we evaluate energy sources based on their "EROI" ... they generate power. And we're certainly running out of oil / will destroy the environment if we continue burning coal and gas. I.e. the assumptions behind the "EROI" are utterly flawed and give a useless number that has no reflection on reality (I mean, you build a power plant and you're kind of stuck with for 80 or so years... the notion that natural gas will be available for baseload generation in 80 years is laughable).

      Nuclear waste would be less of a problem if everyone weren't so uppity about proliferation risks... no reason to bury almost all of the energy in the fuel because some terrrirst might somehow get a small bit of waste and somehow build an advanced centrifuge system to extra the Pu. In his mom's basement of course using duct tape and paperclips (communist paperclips).

      This from someone who lives about 15 miles from a nuclear reactor (they might build two AP1000s there too, providing the entire area's current power use from Nuclear... captain planet is pleased). I'm glad it's a nuclear reactor and not a coal plant (air quality is already crappy enough during the summer).

      --

      HAL 7000, fewer features than the HAL 9000, but just as homicidal!
    39. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Well, no offense.

      But all your points are based on wrong assumptions.

      Which is obviously wrong, because it does matter, as I have repeatedly pointed out where that power comes from. A variable source doesn't produce constant power (by definition) and hence is not fully base load. If as in the case of solar or wind, it can routinely have zero power production (night or no wind respectively), then none of it can be considered base load.

      Plants used for base load don't need a constant yield.

      I think there are two points to make here. First, contrary to repeated assertion, it does matter how variable and unpredictable a form of power is. You can still use it, but you incur some cost due to infrastructure needed to reduce those traits to acceptable levels. Base load power in particular is constant, predictable supply and can't be provided by raw solar or wind power.

      Second, it's worth remembering that Germany is in the midst of a huge electricity market and it can cover flaws in its power generation by purchasing power from its neighbors. It is folly to consider German power generation in isolation.

      First of all: my repeated assertion is right. You lack knowledge about how power grids work, I will explain below.

      To your second point: it just emphasizes that you lack knowledge how power grids work. It is usually not the case that someone accidentally has to buy power from a neighbour. Read the very last lines!

      Let me explain: the thing I tried to explain now several times is: base load is an artificial number that is in our times (in europe) no longer relevant for any special plant steering purpose. The is no special plant needed to provide base load. However traditionally a dedicated set of plants was used to run 24/24 365/365 at roughly 90% yield. This fact leads to the wrong assumption that this is necessary to make a a plant a base load plant. Which is wrong.

      Simple example: at night we still need to feed 40% of the "peak demand" into the grid to have the "base load level". However only 35% of this power is actually demanded by customers. So why do we feed in 5% more? To fill up pumped storage plants!

      So, at the same time about 20% of the peak power that is 50% of the base load is coming from wind energy. What are you expecting us to do? Shut down the wind mills to let old fashioned coal plants continue to run at 90% yield? That does not make any sense at all!

      That was a just a simple example. In our days we get so much wind and solar power we can shut down half the coal plants.

      No let me explain a little bit about grid operations.

      What bottom line counts has nothing to do with base load. That is why I said so often: it is an arbitrary number which has nothing to do with power generation technology.

      What counts is pretty simple: feed into the grid needs to match demand. Twenty years ago, we only had one unknown: demand. Well, in fact demand was known up to a giga watt perhaps and the demand following (peak load) plants only need to adjust to that.

      Now we have two unknowns: demand and solar/wind input. In fact the input is not that unknown as it is constantly forecasted with prognosis technologies so we basically always know how much wind and solar we get in the next hour, next 4 hours, next 12 hours.

      How is the grid operated? Basically very simple:
      You still have a set of plants that are cheap in maintaining high yield, old ones are slow to adapt to demand, newer ones are quite fast and react in 15 minutes range (older ones need an hour or 30 minutes). In other words if you use those for your base load, you power them down when you have surplus wind. So the wind is now your base load covering power source, surprise?
      Same for solar ofc. Now you get it? Do you? the base load plants which are supposed to yield 40% of total power consumptions are shut down so that wind and solar can replace base lo

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    40. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by khallow · · Score: 1

      Let me explain: the thing I tried to explain now several times is: base load is an artificial number that is in our times (in europe) no longer relevant for any special plant steering purpose

      That is bunk. The only thing that has changed about Europe's grid is the need to rationalize certain renewable power sources. It is still subject to the same constraints and dynamics as the old system, just spiced up with a considerable share of intermittent power supply.

      The thing is that constant power generators remain very cheap compared to the alternatives.

      Now we have two unknowns: demand and solar/wind input. In fact the input is not that unknown as it is constantly forecasted with prognosis technologies so we basically always know how much wind and solar we get in the next hour, next 4 hours, next 12 hours.

      Not useful, until we get to the point where we can build new generation capability on those time scales. Knowing your grid will have brownouts in the next four hours is useful information, but it's not enough time to find more electricity production.

      Simple example: at night we still need to feed 40% of the "peak demand" into the grid to have the "base load level". However only 35% of this power is actually demanded by customers. So why do we feed in 5% more? To fill up pumped storage plants!

      You need much more than that for peak load.

      So, at the same time about 20% of the peak power that is 50% of the base load is coming from wind energy. What are you expecting us to do? Shut down the wind mills to let old fashioned coal plants continue to run at 90% yield? That does not make any sense at all!

      "About 20%" can be at times a lot closer to 0% than 20%. You need something to smooth that out and provide backup power (as I've noted before). And that adds cost to the original wind generators. Once the cost of wind power exceeds the cost of coal (and raw wind power may already exceed the cost of coal), then sure, shut them down.

      I simply don't get what is so complicated in grasping this and giving up that base load myth which is constantly repeated here ....

      That the model still applies? The myth doesn't go away because it's still quite useful in describing a key part of modern power generation and consumption.

      Brings me back to the point about buying from neighbours: if the 4h forcast says the wind is going down in northern sea, and spain is offering excess solar power on the european energy exchange stock market, a power company can come to the idea: instead of powering up my own base load plants it is perhaps cheaper to buy from spain ....

      Which is fine as long as you have neighbors that can provide that power. I think it's foolish to boast about having 30% solar power (and considerable wind power) when you actually have a much smaller fraction in a much larger market. Germany can entertain this expensive hobby only because it is surrounded by neighbors willing to both sell it power when this imbalanced system isn't working and buy power, when it produces too much.

    41. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Well you seem not able to read or to understand, at least you keep mixing up base with peak etc.

      Anyway, if you can not understand that baseload is just a horizontal line on a graph and can not follow my explanaitions then there is no point in continuing.


      Let me explain: the thing I tried to explain now several times is: base load is an artificial number that is in our times (in europe) no longer relevant for any special plant steering purpose

      That is bunk. The only thing that has changed about Europe's grid is the need to rationalize certain renewable power sources. It is still subject to the same constraints and dynamics as the old system, just spiced up with a considerable share of intermittent power supply.

      That is not bunk that is fact. In my previous post I explained pretty good in lay man terms how a grid is run. If you think you know it better, keep your illusions. I actually work for a german power company, one of the biggest. I'm working on grid managemant, buy and sales software since a decade.
      When half of your current energy production is comming from wind and solar, and 10% from flow water and you have 5% for actual fluctuation following: you have to shut down base load plants. Hence "base laod" comes now from solar and wind. What is not understandable in that situation?

      In fact most wind parks are rated as base load plants ...


      Now we have two unknowns: demand and solar/wind input. In fact the input is not that unknown as it is constantly forecasted with prognosis technologies so we basically always know how much wind and solar we get in the next hour, next 4 hours, next 12 hours.

      Not useful, until we get to the point where we can build new generation capability on those time scales. Knowing your grid will have brownouts in the next four hours is useful information, but it's not enough time to find more electricity production.

      Erm? That is super silly what you write hre or? A coal plant adjusts to demand in 15 Minutes, why is a 2h, 4h, 12h forecast not enough? A gas turbine is fired up in 3 minutes and then reacts in a second intervall to demand! A pumped storage plant reacts alsoo to the second and is started up if it was offline in less than 30 seconds.

      Germany can entertain this expensive hobby only because it is surrounded by neighbors willing to both sell it power when this imbalanced system isn't working and buy power, when it produces too much.

      Again you are completely mistaken. replace Germany with Europe. We are alll in the same grid, what is so hard to grasp? Also every country is responsible alone for balancing its grid. A I said before, you simply have no clue how grids work, hence your now 4 posts long misinformating rants.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    42. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by khallow · · Score: 1

      Well you seem not able to read or to understand, at least you keep mixing up base with peak etc.

      This is tiresome. Why say things that simply aren't true?

      Anyway, if you can not understand that baseload is just a horizontal line on a graph and can not follow my explanaitions then there is no point in continuing.

      I understand that quite fine. I also understand that solar and wind cannot on their own generate that horizontal line.

      Let me explain: the thing I tried to explain now several times is: base load is an artificial number that is in our times (in europe) no longer relevant for any special plant steering purpose

      It's interesting how people attempt to throw away experience and history when it is inconvenient. This new paradigm simply doesn't exist. Nothing has magically happened to Europe's grid except that a large portion of society has to justify some choices it made.

      The only reason Germany doesn't have massive problems with its electricity grid as it is current constituted is because large parts of the market it is connected to, do pay attention to (and profit from) "artificial numbers" like base load.

      Erm? That is super silly what you write hre or? A coal plant adjusts to demand in 15 Minutes, why is a 2h, 4h, 12h forecast not enough? A gas turbine is fired up in 3 minutes and then reacts in a second intervall to demand! A pumped storage plant reacts alsoo to the second and is started up if it was offline in less than 30 seconds.

      And if all the power on your grid is forecast to fail to meet demand by a significant fraction due to simple bad weather, then that quick response isn't going to matter. There's always some variation in power generation. Things break or have to be maintained. Demand can fluctuate. Solar and wind however have common causes of substantial variation beyond that.

      Germany can entertain this expensive hobby only because it is surrounded by neighbors willing to both sell it power when this imbalanced system isn't working and buy power, when it produces too much.

      Again you are completely mistaken. replace Germany with Europe. We are alll in the same grid, what is so hard to grasp? Also every country is responsible alone for balancing its grid. A I said before, you simply have no clue how grids work, hence your now 4 posts long misinformating rants.

      When you replace Germany with Europe, you no longer get that 30% of the grid is solar. There's also a vast increase in both traditional base load generation (such as coal and nuclear) and hydro power. In other words, a much more traditional power grid with the ability to compensate for Germany's eccentricities.

      Noting that a country in the midst of such a market has to balance its grid isn't significant. Similarly, I'm responsible for feeding myself, but that doesn't mean I grow my own food. Just as I pay others for the food I eat, Germany pays others to balance its grid.

      When half of your current energy production is comming from wind and solar, and 10% from flow water and you have 5% for actual fluctuation following: you have to shut down base load plants.

      The thing is, that didn't happen. Even in the story, solar power only reached 30% (and that's at peak solar power relative to total power production during a given hour) recently and wind was significantly less.

      I also am dubious that one would have an economic reason to shut down base load. Base load runs all the time, not just because it has a constant power output, but because it is cheap. I suppose that bit is the foundation of the base load model. Last I heard, solar power still is rather pricy. Germany is just heavily subsidizing solar and wind power. That doesn't make the grid magically different. It just means that the public is funneling a lot of resources into a bad economic model.

    43. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Well, you are simply cought in old fashion terms.
      You don't grasp that we don't have the so called base load plants anymore.
      Base Load: roughly 40% of peak.
      Load Following and Peak: roughly 60%.

      Energy generated by wind, solar and other mens exeeding 60% means: base load plants have to shut down.

      As I said before and I repeat again: the horizontal line of base load is in our times only an artificial line on a graph for explanaition purpose. This line is not backed by an acording number of power plants that produce this exact block of energy. This is history in europe since decades. And I really doubt any first world country still manages its grid like you claim. It does not make any sense, especially if your base load is higher, perhaps above 50%.

      And if all the power on your grid is forecast to fail to meet demand by a significant fraction due to simple bad weather, then that quick response isn't going to matter. There's always some variation in power generation. Things break or have to be maintained. Demand can fluctuate. Solar and wind however have common causes of substantial variation beyond that.

      This is impossible to happen as the forcast is recalculateed every 15 minutes and the load follwing plants (or back up plants) are powered accordingly.

      It is absolutely no difference if a solar plant drops in yield over the next hour and a load follwing plant has to increase yield or unexüpected customers draw more power or a normal plant has to reduce yield because of a malfunction or what ever: always a load follwing plant has to react. It is the same problem!!

      I also am dubious that one would have an economic reason to shut down base load. Base load runs all the time, not just because it has a constant power output, but because it is cheap. I suppose that bit is the foundation of the base load model.

      Read what you write! A base laod PLANT runs all the time! But base load is HIGHER than the output of all base load PLANTS! Why? Because base load is no longer covert by base load plants only. That makes economical no sense any more. Also It is not necessary, as we have enough garantied wind to fill the gap.
      What is so hard to grasp that 10% of all power is always comming from wind now?
      Over daytime 5% is always comming from solar, regardless of weather. This power is always fed into the grid: so it is filling the baseload block. And if that power is increasing due to perfect conditions: other plants have to shut down to save the coal! What is so hard to grasp that we don't need 40% so called base load plants to yield the 40% base load we have? (Especially as you can not "load follow demand" with wind or solar, your claim they would be used for peak load makes no sense anyway, that at least should be clear.)

      At night we still get 15% or 20% of our peak power from wind, that is half of thee 40% your base plants would produce. So we had at night 55% or 60% power in the grid but use only 40% ... how is that supposed to work? Easy: the "so called base load plants" only produce 20% - 25% at night. They are no longer operated like traditional base load plants.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    44. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by khallow · · Score: 1

      I see a couple of problems here. First, you fail to understand my viewpoint. I recognize that Germany burned a lot of money on solar and wind. That's now a sunk cost. So yes, it does make sense to harvest power from these sources, when you have them present. That doesn't mean that it makes economic sense to build them in the first place, especially at the level that Germany is.

      Second, all this new grid bullshit is a result of having to work around huge inefficiencies in Germany's grid. If you're shutting down your cheapest power (which is what base load is) at some of the highest demand parts of the day (as you allege above) which I might add should also be some of the most expensive electricity sold of the day, then that means your power generation is unbalanced and you should at least stop making more variable power generation until things get back to normal operation.

    45. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Oki, then one final question:

      We have 3:00 in the morning, from here to roughly 4:30 we produde only "base load". Lets assume for simplification it is 20 GW.

      For that we use 5 nuclear plants yielding 9 GW altogether and 7 coal plants yielding 11 GW.

      We have also 10 GW wind power comming in since 00:00 and we know that we will have at least 10GW wind power till 5:30.

      Which of the plants do you shut down and why?

      Perhaps you understand after you have answered that to your self that the outdated term "base load" and and teh concepts stemming from it are no longer valid in a todays grid and absolutely unapplyable in a future smart grid.

      Second, all this new grid bullshit is a result of having to work around huge inefficiencies in Germany's grid.

      I doubt anyone agrees to "inefficient" perhaps you wanted to say something else?

      ... variable power generation until things get back to normal operation.

      I don't understand what you want to say with that.

      When we have generating capacity of 4 or 5 times our own need, who cares if it is fluctuating capacity or not?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    46. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by khallow · · Score: 1

      For that we use 5 nuclear plants yielding 9 GW altogether and 7 coal plants yielding 11 GW.

      We have also 10 GW wind power comming in since 00:00 and we know that we will have at least 10GW wind power till 5:30.

      There are several not exclusive options for the extra 10 GW: fill pumped storage (if available), sell to a neighboring country, and shut down something with the highest marginal cost of electricity production (which might be the wind power). Down the road, that excess power might also be used to make some sort of portable fuel, such as hydrogen or methane.

      Basically, find the highest value option. Fill it until it declines to the next valuable option and continue.

      For example, maybe filling 1 GW of pumped storage is forecast to have more value than anything else. Then shutting down "Big Smokey", a 2 GW coal burning base load plant which has the next highest marginal cost to it. So you direct 1 GW to pumped storage and then wind down Big Smokey for at least a couple of hours.

      That leaves 7 more GW to cull. Maybe France is willing to buy another 2 GW of that power. Then "Old Stogie", another relatively inefficient coal burning plant goes down for another 2 GW. Another French customer will buy another 1 GW at this point and you can squeeze another 1 GW into pumped storage. Maybe the wind power at "Rustbucket Fields" is a costly maintenance nightmare so you really don't want to run it, if you can help it, so that's the last 1 GW shut down.

      So in this example, you were able to put 2 GW (extra) into pumped storage, shut down 4 GW of coal and 1 GW of wind, and sell 3 GW to neighbors over this 1.5 hour period. Further, this choice was the highest value of all the choices available to you. All 9 GW of nuclear happen to remain running (here, just having a lower marginal cost of production than the two coal power plants above) along with 7 GW of coal and 9 GW of wind. .

    47. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Well, you try to avoid the obvious answer :D

      At the given timeframe, consumption of ordinary customers is allready 2GW or more below base load.

      The extra load fed into the grid is already used to fill up pumped storages.

      At this time it as also very unlikely that anyone on the european market is buying power suddenly, so the only option is to reduce Old Stogie and Old Smoky ...

      BTW: Wikipedia says in german we roughly use 10% wind power as base load sicne quite a while.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    48. Re:What does that have to do with anything? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      all life on earth is powered from the sun, maybe we should take a que from god / evolution / spaghetti monster.
      what ever happened to the engineered algae that ate sunlight and shat pure crude oil .... ??
      I thought that was what was up.

  57. Wow, that's enough by Brad1138 · · Score: 2

    For over 18 Deloreans...

    --
    If you could reason with religious people, there would be no religious people
    1. Re:Wow, that's enough by Ramin_HAL9001 · · Score: 1

      You mean, enough electricity for 18 time leaps in a Delorian powerd by a flux capacitor.

    2. Re:Wow, that's enough by Brad1138 · · Score: 1

      Ya, but that was kind of wordy...

      --
      If you could reason with religious people, there would be no religious people
  58. Power vs. Energy for /.ers by SpaghettiPattern · · Score: 2
    A while back I saw the same error where some derivative of W/s was argued.

    In short:
    1. Power is expressed in Watt and is a measure of what capability. Think of erected penis size or how good a lover you could be.
    2. Energy is expressed in Joule and is a measure of how long power is delivered. Think of how good a lover you actually are (or erected penis size multiplied by time for that matter.)
    3. A huge erected penis isn't useful for copulation if it can't stay that way for long.
    4. A smaller erected penis with more stamina might satisfy more.
    5. However, a very small erected penis perhaps requires a prohibitively long period of time to deliver pleasure as that may induce boredom.
    6. "22 gigawatts of electricity per hour" is pretty much meaningless. Erected penis size divided by time doesn't make any sense, does it?
    7. I really cannot explain the concept of power vs. energy any clearer.
    8. Now that you're armed with correct knowledge of physics you can approach the girl and show off you savoir-fair.
    9. Don't forget flowers and chocolates.
    10. Keep e low nerd profile and limit yourself to 3 pens/pencils in your shirt pocket.
    --

    I hadn't the slightest objection to his spending his time planning massacres for the bourgeoisie... (P.G. Wodehouse)
  59. Nuclear fusion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    will turn all those solar panels into big pieces of electronic litter.

    1. Re:Nuclear fusion by oiron · · Score: 1

      And Valhalla will burn, the Tenth Avatar of Vishnu will appear and destroy the wicked, and "They shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; nation will not lift sword against nation and they will no longer study warfare"...

      Yeah, yeah! Show me practical nuclear fusion first...

  60. We've been trolled by wrook · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Let's enjoy the good news for once, shilling for the nuclear power industry can wait till the next thread, and the next, and the next...

    I could have replied to one of a hundred threads here, but I happen to agree with 99% of what you say so this is probably a good place to complain without being seen as a whatever-shill. As intelligent as your reply was, it ended with just that implication. If you don't agree, then you are a shill. I happen to agree, so let's get that out of the way right now.

    The summary quoted a Reuter's article as saying:

    German solar power plants produced a world record 22 gigawatts of electricity per hour — equal to 20 nuclear power stations at full capacity

    They don't go so far as to say it, but a very reasonable thing that someone may conclude from this is that 20 nuclear power stations are no longer necessary. Well, no matter how much I like renewable energy, I know that is wrong. You know that is wrong. But your average Joe Blow reading a newspaper sees that and *really does* think, "Wow, we can generate that much power. We don't need nuclear! Hurray!"

    When you see others posting and saying, "Oh but what happens when the sun isn't shining." quite a few of them are intelligent people. They are responding to the implication that we no longer need 20 nuclear power plants.

    They are being trolled. And they fell for it. On the opposite side, who *actually* believes that if we have, say, 30% base load generation from nuclear that we can simply switch them off because we had a day where we generated 30% of our need from solar? OK, there are some pretty ignorant people in the world, but I submit that they are rare around here. Nobody really believes that. So we get all huffy when people imply that we do.

    And here's the saddest part: We've got one side calling the other essentially ignorant, tree-hugging bafoons and in response we call them evil, earth hating shills. All because some asshole at Reuters decided to troll the world in order to get eyeballs. I have seen some incredibly informative and insightful conversations on Slashdot. There are some incredibly smart people around here. But it is all nullified because we just bicker about... Solar providing 100% of our energy needs??? (Almost) Nobody believes that.

    Maybe someone thinks nuclear is a good option for base load generation. Maybe someone thinks that we should prioritize research and development in other potential energy sources. There are points for and against each side. Reasonable people can argue about this. Each side can learn something useful from the other. But responding to these trolls just kills any ability to have a reasonable discussion. Calling the other side names does the same. Even imagining that there *is* another side is kind of crazy. We may differ on what method we prefer, but aren't we all interested in having electricity?

    1. Re:We've been trolled by Internetuser1248 · · Score: 1

      Yes perhaps my comment about shills was a bit inflammatory. When I posted there were a significant number of abusive troll posts about how people who don't like nuclear power are all retards. I know that is trolling not shilling, so I guess I just got frustrated and it came through in my post. Apologies. My point was that this story is not really about nuclear power. Like you said the troll journalists try to make it about that to get more eyeballs, but the point is solar. Still I don't think the journalists being less sensationalistic and talking about the real issues would have prevented a dozen people here bringing up nuclear power anyway.

    2. Re:We've been trolled by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ...but aren't we all interested in having electricity?

      I thought that once too. Have you been recently in a blackout at work on a dark day? People light candles/etc. and gather around and socialise in a different way -- almost coombayah. Power comes back and we immediately go back to our work, midsentence of someone's previously important story that everybody is wrapped on every word of. Some people would actually prefer we move back to days without electricity and live in caves.

    3. Re:We've been trolled by ckedge · · Score: 1

      > And here's the saddest part

      Yeah. Almost all forums for discussion on the internet and in real life** have devolved to using extreme soundbites and belittling the people who hold opposing viewpoints. Doesn't matter how polite or insightful or close-knit the community starts off, once the general populace arrives, the discussions become nothing but dregs.

      It's now incredibly rare to find insightful "shades of grey" discussions about the pros and cons of any given approach.***

      Too many people who obstinately refuse to believe that subsidizing an industry to promote advances in it's technology is useful (and who seem blissfully unaware of the subsidies given to all of the existing competing technologies such as oil and gas).

      Too many people who don't understand or have the information available about the subleties of cross border power demands (I'd like to thank the people who posted tidbits of factual information about all of that).

      I personally think that Japan's shutdown of all it's nuclear plants is a zealous over-reaction -- but on the other hand some of it's plants are just as old as Fukshima, and their industry and organizations definitely can't be trusted.

      I've seen people claiming that "look, all the nukes are off and nothing changed", but other people point out that Germany has gone from exporting massive amounts of power to being nearly neutral in it's energy needs. I'd expect that this means someone else who used to be using clean German nuclear energy is now buying it from .... France? Burning Russian Natural Gas? I haven't seen anyone say what the net effects in total are, everyone is cherry picking their "problem boundaries" to advance their own point of view.

      On top of all that my own province has it's head firmly buried in the sand. Won't build new Nukes because they are too expensive. Can't shut down existing ones because there is *no* replacement power nor enough power lines to import electricity even if there was sufficient nearby capacity. And can't build wind as fast as needed because everyone (and I mean EVERYONE) is zealously NIMBYish about "the hidden effects of having a wind mill nearby" ... cause you know ... that low frequency noise ... etc etc etc ... ( all the while driving down highways with their windows open and running fans and AC units indoors, etc etc).

      Seriously, there are people in rural areas building small houses every 500m on their property and at the four corners of their properties, because the law says that no windmill can be located within 500m of a "house".

      Meanwhile in Europe: http://imgur.com/HcX87

      (**) I think the way people think and hold their beliefs is bleeding over and/or being infected by their experiences on the internet

      (***) Hmmm, so I kinda know what news sources not to read because it'll be sensationalized BS and soundbites "trolling us" and taken out of context and lacking entirely in subtle details and shades of grey. Is there any forum out there that is similar? Where people that fall for the "trolls" or are incapable of discussing shades of grey politely and using facts - are banned, and the rest of us can sort out what's what? A place that's not entirely one side of the argument or the other? Not nuclear phobes and not anti-greenies? It's not slashdot. It's not reddit.

    4. Re:We've been trolled by chrb · · Score: 1

      When you see others posting and saying, "Oh but what happens when the sun isn't shining." quite a few of them are intelligent people.

      The problem with your assertion is the "solar is useless because the sun does not shine 24 hours a day" argument assumes that a) sustainable energy proponents have not already thought of this (they have), and b) there are no possible solutions. Intelligent people who are actually interested in investigating and learning about the issues, rather than scoring some cheap political points, would have discovered that both of these assumptions are false, and hence wouldn't repeat that particular argument in the first place.

      Sustainable energy sources fluctuate, but there are already solutions to this problem. In particular, pumped storage is already used in Britain to store 30 GWh of excess energy produced in the night, for release during the day with only 30 seconds delay for a whole hydro station to come online. The efficiency of this pumped storage system is 75% (it is estimated that newer facilities could achieve 85%). There are people proposing building a 1km drop pumped storage system beneath London.

      Anyone who is intelligent and educated and who still claims that "solar power can't work at night" or "wind power can't work when it's not windy" is being deceptive, by deliberately ignoring the fact that energy can be stored. This is not a fantasy, it is a system that already exists and is in real use.

  61. It's called solidarity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    sacrifice freedom in order to reach a higher ... standard of living.

    It's called solidarity, but you probably haven't heard that word before...

    It's a word commonly used by socialist. But in the US socialists are communists, and communist wants to oppress and/or nuke the whole world...

    Freedom trumps all.

    Try teaching that to American kids who steal ketchup at school, so they can cook "ketchup soup" when they get home.

    Freedom is a moot if you can't put food on the table, especially if you have kids.

    Also there are different types of freedom. I my country of residence, education (including university) is paid for and students are financially supported by the government. I'm free to choose my education as I like, I'm not in any way financially dependent on my parents... That's freedom to me.

  62. Liberty is a two-edged sword by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 1

    Americans *do* have greater freedom. They have *much* greater freedom of expression than many other countries (for example, "hate speech" legislation...

    Yes...and no. The US government might not be able to put you in gaol but your US employer can fire you. My experience of living in the US was somewhat surprising. I certainly expected to find it as a place where people were far more free to express political ideas and beliefs.

    However freedom is a two-edged sword: while you are free to express your opinions your employer is free to fire you because of them and society is free to exclude you. The result is that, outside of some socially accepted areas e.g. religion, I would say that the US has far less freedom of expression - but that lack of freedom comes from society itself not the government (at least when it's following its own constitution).

  63. Unimpressed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's just enough to power 18 DeLoreans.

  64. 22 GW not measured, but estimated by steve.cri · · Score: 1

    The German magazine "Spiegel" mentions that the GW are not a measurement, but a number extrapolated from the total of registered solar plants and their expected performance. The Reuters article mentions government support for the German solar industries, but neglects to mention that financial support was recently cut, leading to a series of bankruptcies. -- http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/solarzellen-liefern-leistung-von-20-atomkraftwerken-a-835417.html -- http://www.n-tv.de/wirtschaft/Weitere-deutsche-Solar-Pleite-article6262036.html

  65. It's about a different sort of green by dbIII · · Score: 1

    Whether the cutting edge of nuclear is viable or not Germany is not going to be putting up the cash for it. What they have is old plants that cost a lot to run, so their announcement to "phase out nuclear" a little while back was really a "do nothing" option - shut down the old stuff when it costs too much to fix and not spend vast amounts of capital in huge chunks to build new stuff.
    It's a very simple argument and it's not even solar vs nuclear - it's things with very small capital cost and very short lead time (a few panels at a time or tiny little turbines running on natural gas) versus things with a large capital cost and very long lead time (nuclear or solar thermal - huge amounts of steam and theoretically low price per MW but huge installations that take a long time to build to get that economy of scale).

    The German decision was about putting a "green" front on what they were going to do anyway for purely economic reasons. Consider Margret Thatcher's action on nuclear power in the UK for an example without the window dressing.

  66. Re:Parents love their children more thn th governm by St.Creed · · Score: 1

    There isn't actually a ban on homeschooling in Germany: they just require the teacher doing said homeschooling to be certified. The German couple apparently was unable to achieve the teachers certification so they went elsewhere. You're welcome to have them.

    The EU court decision was about a different item, dealing with the integration of minorities in society (assimilation). While this is certainly a hot debate, the US does not do it all that different. The bombing of MOVE in Chicago and the attack on the WACO campus being a case in point. The Black Panther party, the FBI's COINTELPRO operations against anyone suspected of not agreeing with the official POV, the Japanese internment camps during WW2... all point to a less than rosy picture about your freedoms in the USA as an unpopular minority. And I won't be mean and discuss the treatment of Mexicans and LBGT people over the past 20 years.

    The EU decision basically said: a member state has the right to prevent a minority from setting up an alternative state (competition to their own power). Said right already existed because the member state has the military might to prevent it. The EU just confirmed that you can make laws preventing people from separating themselves from the rest of their country because they don't like the general consensus. Choices you have are: you participate in changing consensus, OR you conform to them, OR you leave. You don't get to retreat into a sulk and close the doors like some angry teenager.

    In the EU people are more free for everything that matters in practice: free from hunger, free from extreme poverty, free from disease, free from persecution for having the wrong ideas, free to do whatever you want in private. In the USA you're free to pursue some theoretical freedoms but for everything that matters you're out of luck. Except when you're rich. The USA has more freedoms for rich people than the EU. But most people aren't rich.

    --
    Therefore, by the (faulty) logic you're using, you're just a cow with a keyboard - osu-neko (2604)
  67. Re:Parents love their children more thn th governm by YttriumOxide · · Score: 1

    It is just that parents are, except under rare and extreme circumstances, the best people to protect their children's rights.

    Says who? Did they receive formal training in doing so? Why should they be better at it than someone who has?

    As a father who loves his daughter dearly and would do whatever it takes to make sure she has the best life possible; I will gladly concede that I am not necessarily the best person to help her under all circumstances. I allow the state to take some of the responsibility (while keeping a very large chunk of it myself) and, with every other member of society, keep an eye on the state to make sure it's correctly doing the job that we've asked of it.
    My daughter is a human being with her own rights, and even if I wanted to, I should not be allowed to limit those rights beyond what society has deemed is acceptable for her own well being.

    By the way, this is another area where Americans have greater liberty: their political system is more decentralised, with each state having its own laws.

    So does Germany. Just our Federal laws here tend to be broader in scope than those in the US. We do however also have State laws (in each of our 16 states), so something allowed here in Lower Saxony might for example be disallowed in Bavaria, or vice-versa.

    --
    My book about LSD and Self-Discovery
    Also on facebook as: DroppingAcidDaleBewan
  68. Weather modification by GeeZGaW · · Score: 1

    Could relying too much on solar energy be a national security threat, since solar energy is weak against weather modification techniques ?

    1. Re:Weather modification by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, nuclear power is weak against bunker-busting bombs. And since that's a weapon that actually exists, I don't think solar is doing so bad in this sense....

  69. Outlook is not so sunny by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The German government just decided to radically cut subsidies for solar energy. New gas and even coal power plants are being built all over the country. Fracking is all the rage. Germany is not serious about switching to renewable sources. And when they do, it often results in a farce: Vattenfall intended to import firewood from West Africa(!) to burn in a Berlin power plant. Of course the firewood would be transported in ships that burn fuel oil, which is about the dirtiest form of propulsion there is. They only abandoned those plans because of public protests.

  70. 20 really ?? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    produced a world record 22 gigawatts of electricity per hour — equal to 20 nuclear power stations at full capacity

    This affirmation seems dishonest at best.

    A nuclear power plant usually runs between 4 and 6 reactors, and at full capacity a modern european PWR delivers more than 1.2 GW ... So even if solar production could be sustained 24/7, it would only be equivalent to 3 or 4 nuclear power stations.

  71. Biggest spin yet!!! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "...Midnight isn't the problem; power consumption is quite low then..."

    OMG, how much more of a spin could this be?!? It's opinions like this that are wasting billions of dollars that could be spent better elsewhere.

    Please, do society a favor and do not vote.

  72. these figures are complete nonsense by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    this refers to peak power - the actual percentage of solar power in the German grid is around 3% - bought for around 100 billion euros of subsidies which created a bloated, non-competitive 'solar industry' which is going belly up company by company as we speak

    the German government's absurd "energy turnaround" was fueled by a completely overblown representation of the Fukushima accident in the German media, and nodded off by an "ethics commission" which had two bishops on board, but not a single energy expert. Result: 8 German nuclear plants taken offline prematurely, and the German grid importing French and Czech nuclear power over red-hot transmission lines. A German power company even booked an already mothballed Austrian oil-fuelled power plant last winter as reserve capacity.

    All this translates into exploding cost of electrical power, and increased instability of the power grid - read as: milking of ratepayers, de-industrialization, and industries sensitive to brownouts moving offshore.

    And of course, the green conscience feeling satisfied.

    Whoever thinks this reckless political blundering with core infrastructure of an industrial nation is a role model should see a doctor.

  73. Re:Parents love their children more thn th governm by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

    Your post is so full of ideological cant it's breathtaking. Freedom means absence of constraint. Anything that twists freedom into something that involves stealing from someone (e.g. free from hunger) is abuse of the English language.

    Said right already existed because the member state has the military might to prevent it.

    That single sentence shows that you have no concept of the meaning of "right", and invalidates your whole post. Repeating the ages old maxim, "Might does not make right."

    --
    Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
  74. Solar Energy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You are an idiot. When the sun is out great for solar power. I was in Germany this year and asked the locals about the solar panels and wind mills. This is what I was told during christmas time in 2011 the country did not know if they where going to have enough power for the people to use. That means they have no reserve energy if there is no sun or wind. Sure when it's sunny OK but on an every day base that is not what is needed.
    The German Goverment has stopped funding renewable sources because it is not worth the expense. The cost benefit is not there.

  75. Gigawatt per hour? Really?! by andre.david · · Score: 2

    "22 gigawatts of electricity per hour"

    Power is energy per unit time. Did they mean "22 gigawatts of electricity every hour for X hours"?
    Can't Reuters get these things right?

  76. BS by Crass+Spektakel · · Score: 0

    This is a bullshit record.

    One nuclear power plant has nearly the same power, I have no idea why they claim "20 power plants":

    Isar 2 alone produces 19GW which is close enough to the 22GW photovoltaic output. What kind of "20 nuclear power plants" did they compare to? Microscopic ones?

    --
    "Life is short and in most cases it ends with death." Sir Sinclair
  77. Solar power is nuclear fusion power by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So are coal powered plants. So are fission powered plants.

    All we need to do is figure out what powers fusion and go for that. Think ahead people.

  78. Educating one's child is a human right by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

    Well, in germany we try to differentiate beetween prooven historic facts and freedom of speech.

    First: many times in History scientists have been wrong. Forbidding the spread of ideas because they
    have been "proven wrong" is absurd. Also, forbidding Holocaust denial is stupid and counter-productive,
    as it allows the anti-semites to say "historians may largely agree about the Shoah, but only because
    dissent is forbidden". Note: I in no way dispute the Shoah.

    Second: I was not thinking about German anti-Holocaust denial laws, I was thinking of "hate speech" legislation
    that exist in countries such as the UK (an possibly Germany, but I don't know). Censoring "hate speech" is a violation
    of human rights. You may think that it is awesome to censor a guy who says "sodomy is wrong", because he is such
    a moronic bigot, but how would you feel it the situation was reversed? How would you feel if conservative governments
    censored people for saying "abortion is OK", claiming that to be hate speech against unborn babies?

    For example your "homeschoolers" and "rapists" that is a typically PI tactic for labelling one to be concived as the ill-prosecuted. Why not just write that "homeschoolers are prosecuted in Germany because in Germany there is a law which states every kid shall attend school to the age of at least 14 (Schulpflicht)"
    That would be just the facts, because in germany not only hoomschoolers and rapists are prosecuted so are thieves, fraudsters and even speeders.

    Throwing people in jail and abducting their children because they disagree with the ideology taught in public schools is a totalitarian act.
    And it was in fact instituted by Hitler, because he wanted every kid to learn Nazism.
    Choosing the education of one's children is a human right according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

    1. Re:Educating one's child is a human right by burni2 · · Score: 1

      a.) The "Schulpflicht" duty to attend a school (public or private) seems not to be instituted by Hitler *wiki-says-so* -> http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulpflicht
      dates to "Weimarer Republik" 1919, Hilter claimed his totalitarian power in 1933

      b.) hate speech in itself is a violation of human rights, and violations of human rights get prosecuted, and the victims of hate speech are not those who give the speech

      c.) Saying "Sodomy is wrong" is no hate speech and for saying so you won't be prosecuted in Germany
      Saying "All Sodomists should be killed" instead would likely be hate speech.

      d.) "abortion is ok", but only under certain conditions, it is no "hate crime" or "hate speech" because abortion is not killing fetus because they are hated, but because the circumstances of the pregnant women might be to difficult to continue the pregnancy.

      e.) So teaching a child the own believe or ideology is not a totalitarian act against the child ?

      But nobody in Germany will stop you from teaching your own believes to your children, after school, except if you deny your child the public school education, where no religion is taught - can be replaced by philosophy or free study time, and the evolution theory is not religion it's a scientific theory,
      you can still teach your children the opposite at home after school.

      Human rights, and the right to get educated are not a one sided view, these rights are born to humans and also put into force even against
      parents. And schools do not teach ideology, (in Germany at least) there is a christian(catholic & protestant) religous education in school but it can be replaced by philosophy instead or even replaced by free study time, it doesn't matter if your catholic, protestant, otherbeliever or non-believer you can attend religous education or philosphy. By the age of 14 youths are able to choose their religion of their own choice (in Germany).

      Teaching is not promoting ideology, teaching tries to make a human being able to understand itself and ask & discuss the worlds governing questions (From where do we come ? Where do we go ? Who am I ? ) on a logical basis.

      Human Rights:
      Education is not religion. And yes there is a conflict, but Germany choose the school duty because to achieve
      the human right for education as 26-1 precedes 26-3 and so has a higher priority. You can found a private confessional school, as long as you follow the basic guidelines of the educational board.

      Courts decided to give social learning a higher priority than the parents right to chose the education of their children (chosing -> not teaching). The parents still have the freedom to bring their children into a confessional christian school, but not schooling them at home, because learning is a social act. And
      thus article 26-(1/2/3) of the universal delaration of human rights is satisfied.

    2. Re:Educating one's child is a human right by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

      b.) hate speech in itself is a violation of human rights, and violations of human rights get prosecuted, and the victims of hate speech are not those who give the speech
      c.) Saying "Sodomy is wrong" is no hate speech and for saying so you won't be prosecuted in Germany
      Saying "All Sodomists should be killed" instead would likely be hate speech.

      When I complained about lack of free speech in Europe, I was not thinking about Germany, but of the UK, where people have in fact been prosecuted for essentially saying "sodomy is wrong".

      d.) "abortion is ok", but only under certain conditions, it is no "hate crime" or "hate speech" because abortion is not killing fetus because they are hated, but because the circumstances of the pregnant women might be to difficult to continue the pregnancy.

      _You_ claim that advocates of abortion do not hate babies. But an anti-abortion government could say that any advocacy of abortion is an act of hate, just like the UK government prosecutes people simply for saying "sodomy is wrong", even if those people insist they do not hate anyone.

      But nobody in Germany will stop you from teaching your own believes to your children, after school, except if you deny your child the public school education, where no religion is taught - can be replaced by philosophy or free study time, and the evolution theory is not religion it's a scientific theory,
      you can still teach your children the opposite at home after school.

      The problem is not lack of religion. The problem is the _positive advocacy_ of Marxism, both in its old form (violent Marxism-Leninism) and in its current form (cultural Marxism, created by Gramsci and Marcuse, based on feminism, homosexual militancy, racial militancy such as affirmative action, multiculturalism, etc.). I have read that public schools all over the world are infested with these two kinds of Marxism. And my school (not in Germany) surely was. I was never taught that Hitler had a close alliance with Stalin in the beginning of WWII. I was never taught that, when some people in the UK were demanding Hitler to be stopped, Moscow ordered communist parties all over Europe to militate for the appeasement of Hitler, so that Hitler - Stalin's ally - could fight unimpeded.
      I was never taught that Stalin invaded Finland in the Winter War. I was never taught that the Cuban Revolution killed an astonishing high percentage of the Island's population. I was never taught that Marxism killed 100,000,000 people in the XX century.
      But I was "taught" that the political left is wonderful, that "neoliberals" and "globalisation" are evil, that the USA is evil, that the September 11 attacks were an attack "against American arrogance", that the USA deliberately allowed Japan to attack Pearl Harbour, that divorce and promiscuity is OK, and that the Church is evil.

      Some parents do not agree with that. I sure don't.

      Education is not religion. And yes there is a conflict, but Germany choose the school duty because to achieve
      the human right for education as 26-1 precedes 26-3 and so has a higher priority.

      If that was the point, the courts would simply mandate periodical exams, and send low-scoring kids to the regular
      school system.

      because learning is a social act.

      If socialisation was the point, the courts would simply mandate kids to practice team sports weekly, with a good number of other children.

      But, as I have written elsewhere, the European court was explicitly about the goals behind banning homeschooling:
      "the general interest of society to avoid the emergence of parallel societies based on separate philosophical convictions and the importance of integrating minorities into society."
      In other words, homeschooled kids could develop verboten philosophical convictions and European Thought Police won't allow that.

  79. Oh please by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    (JOrgePeixoto here, posting as anonymous so as not to hit the 25-comment limit)

    It is amazing that you can't see the inherent contradiction in your statement. Is being naked in public not an act of self expression?

    There are many kinds of expression. The most important kinds, and those that must be fiercely protected,
    are expression of scientific/philosophical/religious ideas (because this kind of expression is needed for people
    to enlighten their minds), and expression of criticism of church/society/government (because this kind of expression
    is needed to avoid tyranny).

    There are other kinds of expressions, such as aesthetic artistic expression, or commercial advertisement,
    or pornography, or showing off one's genitals. I would say that pornography and genital exhibitionism are
    the least important kinds of expression. You can still criticize the government, or enlighten your mind,
    with your genitals covered.

    If I were to choose between a country where saying "abortionists are murderers" is forbidden "hate speech", but
    showing off one's genitals is legal, versus a country where "abortionists are murderers" is legal
    but showing off one's genitals is illegal, I would must surely choose the latter.

    And the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says

    Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

    It emphasizes the freedom of expression of _opinions_, _information_ and _ideas_.
    You can still express your ideas with your genitals covered.

  80. True by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    (I am the original poster, I am anonymous to avoid hitting the 25-comment limit)
    True. I am usually against government intrusion in the economy, but for the reasons
    I exposed and for that which you exposed, I support government action to
    curb oil burning.

  81. Re:UE is an undemocratic bureaucracy by manu0601 · · Score: 1

    The tebagger interpretation of "free market" as a market without regulation is either a tautology or an oxymoron, but I'm not sure which.

    UE is fond of free and undistorted competition. This is how free market must be understood in the UE context. This is almost unregulated: there are antitrust rules so that competition thrives

  82. state intervention by steve.cri · · Score: 2

    it has been mentioned that solar power is bought with state intervention - however, without state intervention there obviously would be no nuclear power, either, and I didn't hear many conservatives complaining then.

  83. You missed the point about state's rights by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

    States' rights are one of the most puzzling pieces of doublethink in American political thought.

    You missed the point. It is not that states have more rights than their citizens, it is that states are better suited to protect their citizens rights than the federal government. Just like the U.N. should not intrude into the American sovereignty without strong reasons, the federal government shouldn't intrude in Texas or California without good reason. A local, smaller government is easier to check, and it better reflects its citizen's values. Compare the laws in Texas with those of California - the laws are different because Texans are different from Californians, and this is good.

    If a state is upholding slavery, then we can argue that it is a human rights violation and a higher level of government can intervene.
    But if you don't like the fact that (say) marijuana is partially legal in California, you shouldn't ask for federal intrusion.
    People keep bringing slave-holding Confederate states, but they forget that many times, free states _resisted_ federal mandates
    to capture fugitive slaves and send them to slave-holder states. People also forget that the greatest atrocities in human History
    were perpetrated by uncheckable centralized governments - Nazi Germany, Soviet Union, etc.

    As an aside, the federal government currently presses state governments to set the legal drinking age at 21. This is an example of
    absurd federal intrusion.

  84. Anti-Christian bias by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

    slavery was justified not just with that century-old collection of mediocre fantasy novels known as the bible

    And you conveniently forget that churches in free states were actively anti-slavery.

  85. Straw man is no substitute for logic by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

    Except the child's freedom to not be helpless when they turn 18 and haven't received a decent education. Children aren't humans until then (they are self-propelled dolls for their parents whims), so their freedoms don't matter.

    If the point was to ensure a good education, the state would simply mandate periodic exams and send low-scoring kids
    to the regular school system.

    There is absolutely no logical justification to forbid homeschooling, other than the totalitarian desire to ensure ideological
    uniformity.

  86. Freedom from government is the key by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

    Yes...and no. The US government might not be able to put you in gaol but your US employer can fire you. My experience of living in the US was somewhat surprising. I certainly expected to find it as a place where people were far more free to express political ideas and beliefs.

    If your boss fires you for being politically incorrect, you can still get another job.
    If the national government arrests you for being politically incorrect, you are hopeless.

  87. Go on, what renewable subsidies? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Or are you copying the Daily Fail where they insist that the entire price rises in UK heating costs are solely due to the tariffs on renewables (£3) rather than the increase in fossil fuels (£50).

  88. Nope, 7TWh exported last year. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And they built more solar power this year, whilst having shut down their nukes the year before.

    Therefore, VERY unlikely to be a net importer this year.

  89. An acceleration analogy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Falling by one meter per second per second for an hour.

  90. Solar Power. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    A nuke plant normally comprises between 4 to 8 units. A unit has in the past has had a max output of about 1000 Megs( 1 Gig ) So if this claim were true, it would be the equivalent of only about 3 nuclear plants. An interesting display of dissembling. Also the statement (if true) does not claim 22gigawatt hrs, only that it reached a peak of 22 gigawatts for possibly a few seconds. Another fine point of dissembling (ie deception)

  91. Promising... by mikelang · · Score: 1

    ...but what about sustained power generation during rain?

  92. ji'ga by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Now how do I harness those 22 Jigawatts of energy into my delorian?
    remember when giga was pronounced ji'ga ? That was good times.
    I wish I had a 2,000 Jigabyte HD. no one would want to say terabyte, jigabyte is just so much more fun.