Domain: yp.to
Stories and comments across the archive that link to yp.to.
Comments · 1,222
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Sendmail? Insecure?
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Errr, I don't want to sound skeptical......but FFTW may well be the fastest "all-round generic" FFT program (I don't know if that's true or not, though), but there are FFT packages which are faster - DJBFFT is one such program. Of course, there will undoubtably be even faster methods, as I'm certain there will be generalizations in places that could be divided into faster, more specific algorithms, and I don't believe DJBFFT has any hand-optimizations for processors past the Pentium Pro, suggesting it won't take advantage of any capabilities of multi-core CPUs, 64-bit CPUs or additional instructions.
(Professor Bernstein, in an e-mail reply to a question, did mention he was going to update DJBFFT, but this does not appear to have happened. In all probability he lacks the time, but that doesn't solve the problem of needing high-power FFT software. FFTW, although slightly better on updates, isn't massively better. What is needed is for someone to start a project with the goal of writing code as fast as DJBFFT, as generic as FFTW, and as active as LinuxBIOS or the Linux Kernel in terms of getting new code out there.) -
Re:Uhh..
FFTW is the 'Fastest Fourier Transform in the West', a cute name for the work of a number of graduate students who use several techniques to turn the FFT from 'Numerical Recipes in C' into a freaking speed daemon.
... but not as fast as djbfft, right? (I'm asking rather than telling, as I have very little FFT experience and am intrigued to know) -
Re:No leg to stand on?And if by "my country" you mean the United States, you're correct. Take a look here at http://cr.yp.to/softwarelaw.html:
For example, after purchasing a copy of Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Workstation---which is a poorly tuned version of NT 4.0 Server, minus a few utilities---you can back it up, apply a small patch that fixes the tuning, and run the result.
Microsoft hates this. Of course, Microsoft could restrict your rights by demanding that you sign a contract before you get a copy of Windows NT, but this would not do wonders for Windows sales.
So Microsoft puts a ``license'' on all of its software and pretends that you don't have the right to use the software unless you agree to the ``license.'' You can't patch Windows without their permission, according to the license; you can't use NT Workstation for more than 10 simultaneous connections; you must give Microsoft your first-born son. (Or something like that.)
The problem with Microsoft's license is that it's unenforceable. You can simply ignore it. Microsoft can't win a copyright infringement lawsuit: you own the software that Microsoft sold you, and Congress gave you the right to use it. -
Re:Overhead rates
D. J. Bernstein (of djbdns fame/infamy) has some words about this very issue (he is at University of Illinois at Chicago): http://cr.yp.to/uic.html
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Re:eliminate top-level domains ?
Indeed, country level TLDs are very strictly enforced. Espcially ones like Christmas Island and Tobago/
Oh, wait. Country TLD's are abused just like any other TLD. -
Re:Considering...
... and they're recommended by DJB.
http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/dot-com.html -
Re:What? Another one?
Actually, QMail is the one designed with security in mind. As far as I'm aware it's never had any vulnerabilities. See security guarantee.
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Re:djbdns
That has more to do with DJBDNS's license than its performance. DJBDNS is not GPL, and is certainly not BSD licensed.
See here -
Re:That's by Berenstain?
His software isn't remotely public domain. http://cr.yp.to/distributors.html gives his licensing details, which make it quite clear he's an idiot.
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That's a bold statement
having a DNS server that allows recursion for the Internet is like running an open SMTP relay.'
Anyone want to discuss how DNS Cache addresses this? AFAIK this is a pretty "safe" way to provide DNS to at least a small sized network - but that's all I run it on. Comments, concerns, advice? -
djbdns
That's why you run djbdns -- by default it's closed to recursive queries.
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Re:How long...
That's not the problem.
The problem with IP6 is that it isn't backwards compatible with IPv4.
IPv6 will *never* happen.
http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/ipv6mess.html -
Re:INIT floods
Read about SYN Cookies. This is a method of avoiding SYN DOS attacks that has already been implemented in Linux (and probably elsewhere) for a while. I think SCTP just integrates the same concept into the official protocol specification. Once the SCTP server sends the INIT-ACK, it doesn't have to keep track of that association until the client sends a COOKIE-ECHO.
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Re:Undisclosed, huh?
Unlikely. DJB is on sabbatical right now, and I think UIC has "spring", "summer" and "fall" terms, not "winter" which would indicate a school that uses the quarter system.
FWIW, I believe all 3 of your assertions about his UNIX security assignment are incorrect. The assignment didn't look at all impossible. Consider *all* the software on sourceforge. 10 bugs is not a lot to find over an academic term, given such a mass to work off. It does not constitute "severe ramifications" or "callous disrespect" (especially in an elective course) to lay out expectations for students and then grade them according to the standards you set at the beginning of the term. -
Re:It's even better than that
Two questions: When copyright expires on a piece of software, am I still bound by the EULA (assume for a moment that the EULA is a valid contract)? I suppose I could read the EULA to search for an expiration... And second, is there any commercially available proprietary software that does not include a EULA (other than the default copyright restrictions)?
First of all, the Law of the Land gives you rights that nothing can take away. If the EULA does not contain words to the effect of "Your statutory rights are not affected", then it may well be null and void. However, if it contains a severability clause {or if you live in a jurisdiction where all contracts are deemed to be severable} then such portions of the licence agreement as do not conflict with your statutory rights may still be applicable. Any provision which does conflict with your statutory rights is null and void.
Your statutory rights under the "fair dealing" or "fair use" provision of copyright law include the right to make a copy of a computer program in the memory of a computer as a necessary step in using the program, and the right to conduct reverse engineering for private study or research {which includes morbid curiosity}. You may be bound to secrecy in what you discover. Reverse engineering for the purpose of developing compatible or interoperable software {which implies that you are going to disclose results} is also permitted as a "reasonable force" measure if the vendor is unwilling to supply you with requested documentation. If you have to break encryption as part of your efforts, it is a defence that the encrypted information was meant for you.
When copyright expires and the software enters the Public Domain, you will not need a licence to do anything which was formerly forbidden by copyright law; the Law of the Land will give you the necessary permission.
As for proprietary software which does not come with an EULA, I don't know of any. The nearest thing might be DJB's "licence free" software, see here for more info. -
Re:Run Linux
Wrong. The EULA is meaningless. The GPL is not an EULA, it's some extra rights above and beyond the rights granted to you by copyright law. Copyright law forbids you from distributing copies of software, but the GPL allows it under certain conditions. Hence, if you don't accept the GPL, you simply can't distribue the software -- which you couldn't have done anyway.
Apple's EULA is unenforceable because by buying the CD, you can do whatever you want with the software. You don't need any additional rights above and beyond copyright law to allow you to run the program. So if you disagree with the EULA, fine... you lose nothing.
From http://cr.yp.to/softwarelaw.html:
> In the United States, once you own a copy of a program, you can back it up, compile it, run it, and even modify it as necessary, without permission from the copyright holder. See 17 USC 117. -
Re:There are other applications to use
It should be noted that no application is secure enough
Except qmail.
Meanwhile the rest of the world thinks that they have to choose between functionality and security and manage to get neither particularly well. -
DJB Says...
I'll just point everyone to DJB:
http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/ipv6mess.html
He pretty much covers most of it. IPv6 is dead on the public Internet long before it started. I knew this as soon as I called up MCI/WorldCom last year to ask if they had any IPv6 address space to add to our few class-C's and they laughed at me. If the folks who run half the Internet aren't ready for it, why would we be?
-M -
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad
I suggest using the QTDIR variable to find your default location, and the linker to find your libraries
We could use search paths for everything, but getting the details right is a royal pain and people inevitably screw it up.Demanding that my system become less functional because you don't know better than to use hard-coded pathnames is ridiculous.
Do you realize how silly this sounds? Your system is functional precisely because it uses tons of hard-coded pathnames. Ever tried changing the location of /bin/sh? How about /dev/null? What about /etc/fstab? -
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad
/package reuses the filesystem as the database. It provides you with all the package management features you get from traditional package managers, as well as many features they don't provide; for example, adding new files to a package, or declaring that some existing files form a package. A ``central database'' is neither necessary nor desireable. -
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad
/package reuses the filesystem as the database. It provides you with all the package management features you get from traditional package managers, as well as many features they don't provide; for example, adding new files to a package, or declaring that some existing files form a package. A ``central database'' is neither necessary nor desireable. -
Re:I've always wanted to know if it is possible
Maybe you want something like tcpclient and company, by DJB.
http://cr.yp.to/ucspi-tcp.html -
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad
Any program that requires QT to live in
I don't care if UNIX integrators think it's ``broken.'' The reality is upstream maintainers will choose whichever package layouts they believe are best. You are living in a fantasy world if you think that someday, every package in the universe in going to conform to the FHS. Now given this reality, we are faced with the problem of trying to make interoperability among UNIX-style systems work. The solution is for us all to stop whining and support the standard names with symlinks. /usr/local/qt3, is *broken* in the first place.If you write your programs to #include , not "/usr/local/qt3", and to have the libqt-mt.so.3 SONAME in DT_NEEDED, rather than (ugh) hard-coding in
You're arguing that it's just fine to move files if the files are accessed with the help of search paths: $PATH, $MANPATH, $LD_LIBRARY_PATH, etc. There's no theoretical obstacle to building a complete system along these lines. But it's bad engineering: getting all the details right is a royal pain, and people inevitably screw it up. For example, what happens if you try to upgrade a ``local'' version of slrn by installing a ``system'' package? The program will be put in /usr/local/lib/qt3/lib/libqt.so.3, and so on, then you don't have to know where QT's files actually are. /usr/bin and the old one will still be in /usr/local/bin. Now users with /usr/local/bin before /usr/bin in their $PATH will invoke the old, undesireable version. Please see FHS failures for more examples.If you are curious, you can always find out with dpkg --listfiles libqt3-mt.
What about on Red Hat? What about on SUSE? What about on the hundreds of other UNIX variants out there? Do you really think its feasible to demand that each package author be aware of where each of his dependencies lives on each different platform?If the packages dumped all their stuff in
No, you don't. I know because I do organize my systems this way. You can use symbolic links to make the files available at their expected locations. /usr/local/$package, you would have to maintain an ever-growing list of directories in which to search for shared libraries, headers, binaries, man pages, etc.Something else that you'd lose the ability to do is to share out
It is wrong for sharability to determine the name by which a file is accessed. Sharability is not constant. Names must be constant. I can simply set up symlinks like /usr/share, to make *all* the arch-independant, data in an installation available to machines on a network.
or vice versa to share arch-independent data via /usr/share/qt3 -> /usr/local/lib/qt3/share /usr/share. -
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad
Any program that requires QT to live in
I don't care if UNIX integrators think it's ``broken.'' The reality is upstream maintainers will choose whichever package layouts they believe are best. You are living in a fantasy world if you think that someday, every package in the universe in going to conform to the FHS. Now given this reality, we are faced with the problem of trying to make interoperability among UNIX-style systems work. The solution is for us all to stop whining and support the standard names with symlinks. /usr/local/qt3, is *broken* in the first place.If you write your programs to #include , not "/usr/local/qt3", and to have the libqt-mt.so.3 SONAME in DT_NEEDED, rather than (ugh) hard-coding in
You're arguing that it's just fine to move files if the files are accessed with the help of search paths: $PATH, $MANPATH, $LD_LIBRARY_PATH, etc. There's no theoretical obstacle to building a complete system along these lines. But it's bad engineering: getting all the details right is a royal pain, and people inevitably screw it up. For example, what happens if you try to upgrade a ``local'' version of slrn by installing a ``system'' package? The program will be put in /usr/local/lib/qt3/lib/libqt.so.3, and so on, then you don't have to know where QT's files actually are. /usr/bin and the old one will still be in /usr/local/bin. Now users with /usr/local/bin before /usr/bin in their $PATH will invoke the old, undesireable version. Please see FHS failures for more examples.If you are curious, you can always find out with dpkg --listfiles libqt3-mt.
What about on Red Hat? What about on SUSE? What about on the hundreds of other UNIX variants out there? Do you really think its feasible to demand that each package author be aware of where each of his dependencies lives on each different platform?If the packages dumped all their stuff in
No, you don't. I know because I do organize my systems this way. You can use symbolic links to make the files available at their expected locations. /usr/local/$package, you would have to maintain an ever-growing list of directories in which to search for shared libraries, headers, binaries, man pages, etc.Something else that you'd lose the ability to do is to share out
It is wrong for sharability to determine the name by which a file is accessed. Sharability is not constant. Names must be constant. I can simply set up symlinks like /usr/share, to make *all* the arch-independant, data in an installation available to machines on a network.
or vice versa to share arch-independent data via /usr/share/qt3 -> /usr/local/lib/qt3/share /usr/share. -
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad
Breaking cross-platform compatibility, as Debian does, for the sake of cross-package similarity is a horrible idea.
DBJ, welcome back! -
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad
For those of us who maintain more than a handful of machines, cross-package similarity is a real and significant advantage
You're misunderstanding me. I'm not saying Debian shouldn't add man pages, or make the documentation for package foo available under the name /usr/share/doc/foo, or generally enhance the cross-package interface of their packages. All the power to them. What I'm saying is that if, by default, openssl installs its configuration files in /usr/local/ssl, and Debian wants to put them in /usr/lib/ssl, they should support the default location by symlinking it to the Debian-specific location. That way, people can still find them at the default location. Even if they refuse to touch /usr/local, they can at least symlink /usr/ssl to /usr/lib/ssl, so all the files are in their expected locations relative to the /usr prefix. But they flat out refuse to do that because the symlink would ``clutter up /usr and violate the FHS.'' That's what annoys me.djb is right that cross-platform incompatibility is a significant hassle. But what's his solution to that? He invents a whole new filesystem standard
You're misunderstanding the purpose of /package: it's not a ``solution'' to cross-platform compatibility. In fact, DJB is strictly against modifying packages downstream to fit into /package. He proposed it as a format for upstream maintainers to adopt, if they choose. Furthermore, he's made it clear what he thinks of the FHS, but he still respects the decision of upstream maintainers who have chosen the FHS for their packages interfaces. He's not telling anyone to get rid of /usr/local/bin in favor of /command; on the contrary, he suggests you symlink everything in /command into /usr/local/bin for compatibility. Please read his pages again carefully. He's terse, but his reasoning is sound.You couldn't be more wrong when you say Debian ``compromises'' to achieve cross-platform compatibility. In fact, they want everyone to conform to their world view; this is an uphill battle and it will never work. Different upstream authors do things differently with their packages, and they're not all going to suddenly change because Debian and the FHS are yelling at them that they're packages are ``broken.'' They choose layouts that reduce the total effort required by them to support all platforms.
But if you're an upstream maintainer, Debian will change your package's interface downstream as they see fit and make it incompatible with your upstream version. Now all the programs which depend on your upstream interface will break on Debian. So Debian will fix those programs, too, if they happen to package them. But if they don't, your users are in for headaches.
Don't get me wrong, Debian is a fantastic operating system. But there would be so many fewer headaches for users if they attempted to ``play nice'' with other systems, rather than saying ``It's the Debian way or the high way!''
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Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad
For those of us who maintain more than a handful of machines, cross-package similarity is a real and significant advantage
You're misunderstanding me. I'm not saying Debian shouldn't add man pages, or make the documentation for package foo available under the name /usr/share/doc/foo, or generally enhance the cross-package interface of their packages. All the power to them. What I'm saying is that if, by default, openssl installs its configuration files in /usr/local/ssl, and Debian wants to put them in /usr/lib/ssl, they should support the default location by symlinking it to the Debian-specific location. That way, people can still find them at the default location. Even if they refuse to touch /usr/local, they can at least symlink /usr/ssl to /usr/lib/ssl, so all the files are in their expected locations relative to the /usr prefix. But they flat out refuse to do that because the symlink would ``clutter up /usr and violate the FHS.'' That's what annoys me.djb is right that cross-platform incompatibility is a significant hassle. But what's his solution to that? He invents a whole new filesystem standard
You're misunderstanding the purpose of /package: it's not a ``solution'' to cross-platform compatibility. In fact, DJB is strictly against modifying packages downstream to fit into /package. He proposed it as a format for upstream maintainers to adopt, if they choose. Furthermore, he's made it clear what he thinks of the FHS, but he still respects the decision of upstream maintainers who have chosen the FHS for their packages interfaces. He's not telling anyone to get rid of /usr/local/bin in favor of /command; on the contrary, he suggests you symlink everything in /command into /usr/local/bin for compatibility. Please read his pages again carefully. He's terse, but his reasoning is sound.You couldn't be more wrong when you say Debian ``compromises'' to achieve cross-platform compatibility. In fact, they want everyone to conform to their world view; this is an uphill battle and it will never work. Different upstream authors do things differently with their packages, and they're not all going to suddenly change because Debian and the FHS are yelling at them that they're packages are ``broken.'' They choose layouts that reduce the total effort required by them to support all platforms.
But if you're an upstream maintainer, Debian will change your package's interface downstream as they see fit and make it incompatible with your upstream version. Now all the programs which depend on your upstream interface will break on Debian. So Debian will fix those programs, too, if they happen to package them. But if they don't, your users are in for headaches.
Don't get me wrong, Debian is a fantastic operating system. But there would be so many fewer headaches for users if they attempted to ``play nice'' with other systems, rather than saying ``It's the Debian way or the high way!''
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Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad
For those of us who maintain more than a handful of machines, cross-package similarity is a real and significant advantage
You're misunderstanding me. I'm not saying Debian shouldn't add man pages, or make the documentation for package foo available under the name /usr/share/doc/foo, or generally enhance the cross-package interface of their packages. All the power to them. What I'm saying is that if, by default, openssl installs its configuration files in /usr/local/ssl, and Debian wants to put them in /usr/lib/ssl, they should support the default location by symlinking it to the Debian-specific location. That way, people can still find them at the default location. Even if they refuse to touch /usr/local, they can at least symlink /usr/ssl to /usr/lib/ssl, so all the files are in their expected locations relative to the /usr prefix. But they flat out refuse to do that because the symlink would ``clutter up /usr and violate the FHS.'' That's what annoys me.djb is right that cross-platform incompatibility is a significant hassle. But what's his solution to that? He invents a whole new filesystem standard
You're misunderstanding the purpose of /package: it's not a ``solution'' to cross-platform compatibility. In fact, DJB is strictly against modifying packages downstream to fit into /package. He proposed it as a format for upstream maintainers to adopt, if they choose. Furthermore, he's made it clear what he thinks of the FHS, but he still respects the decision of upstream maintainers who have chosen the FHS for their packages interfaces. He's not telling anyone to get rid of /usr/local/bin in favor of /command; on the contrary, he suggests you symlink everything in /command into /usr/local/bin for compatibility. Please read his pages again carefully. He's terse, but his reasoning is sound.You couldn't be more wrong when you say Debian ``compromises'' to achieve cross-platform compatibility. In fact, they want everyone to conform to their world view; this is an uphill battle and it will never work. Different upstream authors do things differently with their packages, and they're not all going to suddenly change because Debian and the FHS are yelling at them that they're packages are ``broken.'' They choose layouts that reduce the total effort required by them to support all platforms.
But if you're an upstream maintainer, Debian will change your package's interface downstream as they see fit and make it incompatible with your upstream version. Now all the programs which depend on your upstream interface will break on Debian. So Debian will fix those programs, too, if they happen to package them. But if they don't, your users are in for headaches.
Don't get me wrong, Debian is a fantastic operating system. But there would be so many fewer headaches for users if they attempted to ``play nice'' with other systems, rather than saying ``It's the Debian way or the high way!''
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Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = badi can't believe this is being moderated as Insightful. What are you mods thinking!?
i'm a huge fan of djb's work, and i use his software (and i use Debian), but quoting his theories about cross-platform compatibility as support for your argument is pretty weak. djb's strong suit is his technical and mathematical rigor, not his infamous interpersonal skills.
For those of us who maintain more than a handful of machines, cross-package similarity is a real and significant advantage:
- Just installed package foo, but don't really know quite how you might use it best? debian policy lets you confidently look in
/usr/share/doc/foo and know that you'll find *something* that the package maintainer thought would be worth reading, even if it's only the changelog. - package doesn't have a man page? thanks to policy, that's an actual bug, not just an inconvenience.
- need to understand exactly how service foo starts and stops? you can read
/etc/init.d/foo - where are the config files? you can find them in
/etc/foo/ - and so on...
djb is right that cross-platform incompatibility is a significant hassle. But what's his solution to that? He invents a whole new filesystem standard (see "Filesystem layout" on this page)! I respect the man for his technical prowess. And i'll grant that his proposed scheme probably makes more technical sense than the FHS, when viewed in isolation.
But you don't achieve cross-platform compatibility through technical rigor. You achieve it through compromise, social and political consensus, transparency, legacy support, and published standards. The FHS currently represents all of those things, as does debian. In fact, that's why debian endorses, attempts to comply with, and contributes back to the FHS, because it is committed to cross-platform compatibility. djb's technical nit-picking, while usually a good thing, does him a disservice in this particular area, and debian gets it right.
- Just installed package foo, but don't really know quite how you might use it best? debian policy lets you confidently look in
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Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = badi can't believe this is being moderated as Insightful. What are you mods thinking!?
i'm a huge fan of djb's work, and i use his software (and i use Debian), but quoting his theories about cross-platform compatibility as support for your argument is pretty weak. djb's strong suit is his technical and mathematical rigor, not his infamous interpersonal skills.
For those of us who maintain more than a handful of machines, cross-package similarity is a real and significant advantage:
- Just installed package foo, but don't really know quite how you might use it best? debian policy lets you confidently look in
/usr/share/doc/foo and know that you'll find *something* that the package maintainer thought would be worth reading, even if it's only the changelog. - package doesn't have a man page? thanks to policy, that's an actual bug, not just an inconvenience.
- need to understand exactly how service foo starts and stops? you can read
/etc/init.d/foo - where are the config files? you can find them in
/etc/foo/ - and so on...
djb is right that cross-platform incompatibility is a significant hassle. But what's his solution to that? He invents a whole new filesystem standard (see "Filesystem layout" on this page)! I respect the man for his technical prowess. And i'll grant that his proposed scheme probably makes more technical sense than the FHS, when viewed in isolation.
But you don't achieve cross-platform compatibility through technical rigor. You achieve it through compromise, social and political consensus, transparency, legacy support, and published standards. The FHS currently represents all of those things, as does debian. In fact, that's why debian endorses, attempts to comply with, and contributes back to the FHS, because it is committed to cross-platform compatibility. djb's technical nit-picking, while usually a good thing, does him a disservice in this particular area, and debian gets it right.
- Just installed package foo, but don't really know quite how you might use it best? debian policy lets you confidently look in
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Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = badi can't believe this is being moderated as Insightful. What are you mods thinking!?
i'm a huge fan of djb's work, and i use his software (and i use Debian), but quoting his theories about cross-platform compatibility as support for your argument is pretty weak. djb's strong suit is his technical and mathematical rigor, not his infamous interpersonal skills.
For those of us who maintain more than a handful of machines, cross-package similarity is a real and significant advantage:
- Just installed package foo, but don't really know quite how you might use it best? debian policy lets you confidently look in
/usr/share/doc/foo and know that you'll find *something* that the package maintainer thought would be worth reading, even if it's only the changelog. - package doesn't have a man page? thanks to policy, that's an actual bug, not just an inconvenience.
- need to understand exactly how service foo starts and stops? you can read
/etc/init.d/foo - where are the config files? you can find them in
/etc/foo/ - and so on...
djb is right that cross-platform incompatibility is a significant hassle. But what's his solution to that? He invents a whole new filesystem standard (see "Filesystem layout" on this page)! I respect the man for his technical prowess. And i'll grant that his proposed scheme probably makes more technical sense than the FHS, when viewed in isolation.
But you don't achieve cross-platform compatibility through technical rigor. You achieve it through compromise, social and political consensus, transparency, legacy support, and published standards. The FHS currently represents all of those things, as does debian. In fact, that's why debian endorses, attempts to comply with, and contributes back to the FHS, because it is committed to cross-platform compatibility. djb's technical nit-picking, while usually a good thing, does him a disservice in this particular area, and debian gets it right.
- Just installed package foo, but don't really know quite how you might use it best? debian policy lets you confidently look in
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Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad
No, the FHS specifically prevents cross-platform compatibility. For example, if a package is installed ``locally'' on one system it will have a different interface than if it installed as part of ``the system'' on another. For example, how do we find libssl.so on an FHS-compliant system? Is it
/usr/lib/libssl.so or /usr/local/lib/libssl.so, or even /opt/openssl/lib/libssl.so? The FHS ensures we will never have a simple, consistent name, like we would have if the package author madated it to be /package/host/openssl.org/openssl/libssl.so. -
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = badOK, I was using Apache as a hypothetical example. If you want to see what I'm talking about, try installing Qt from source on a Debian system. Notice how the instructions tell you to make the package available at
/usr/local/qt.Now remove it and install the various Debian packages which make up Qt. Notice how everything is different---binaries are in
/usr/bin, libraries are in /usr/share/qt3/lib, headers are in /usr/include/qt3. Try accessing /usr/local/qt/include/qt.h: you can't.I've administered systems of different ages and for different purposes, and yes, it is frustrating. But that's because package authors tend to choose poor interfaces, and system integrators then modify these interfaces, making things worse. The FHS is not a solution because it mandates different interfaces for the same package, depending on whether it is ``local'' or part of ``the system.'' I'd love it if all packages used a consistent interface which provided global names that don't change, but that's a decision for package authors, not system integrators.
Perhaps you are right that some distributions change things more than Debian. But my main point is that Debian mandates these types of changes in their policy.
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Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = badOK, I was using Apache as a hypothetical example. If you want to see what I'm talking about, try installing Qt from source on a Debian system. Notice how the instructions tell you to make the package available at
/usr/local/qt.Now remove it and install the various Debian packages which make up Qt. Notice how everything is different---binaries are in
/usr/bin, libraries are in /usr/share/qt3/lib, headers are in /usr/include/qt3. Try accessing /usr/local/qt/include/qt.h: you can't.I've administered systems of different ages and for different purposes, and yes, it is frustrating. But that's because package authors tend to choose poor interfaces, and system integrators then modify these interfaces, making things worse. The FHS is not a solution because it mandates different interfaces for the same package, depending on whether it is ``local'' or part of ``the system.'' I'd love it if all packages used a consistent interface which provided global names that don't change, but that's a decision for package authors, not system integrators.
Perhaps you are right that some distributions change things more than Debian. But my main point is that Debian mandates these types of changes in their policy.
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Modifying packages to conform to FHS = badI was a Debian user for four years; I recently switched away because I got fed up with all the downstream futzing they do to their packages. I understand Debian's need to ensure high-quality packages, but making gratutious changes to package interfaces (e.g., moving and renaming files) just to conform to a hardline FHS policy is extremely detrimental in the long term.
Cross-platform compatibility is essential. If the upstream Apache maintainers say Apache can be stopped with apachectl stop, Debian should damn well support this interface. I don't care if they provide
/etc/init.d/httpd stop in addition, but they should support the standard interface. This makes life infinitely simpler for people who deal with many different systems---they don't have to keep relearning things. It also makes things simpler for people offering support to Apache users.The tremendous benefits of cross-platform compatibility come from a package's interface being exactly the same on every system. It is a relatively minor benefit for different packages to have similar interfaces. Breaking cross-platform compatibility, as Debian does, for the sake of cross-package similarity is a horrible idea.
I should point out that I'm picking on Debian here because they are especially bad about this, but almost every major Linux distribution is guilty of unncessarily violating cross-platform compatibility in some way.
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Re:BINDBIND is infamous for having security problems in both the server code and client libraries. Why do people continue to use BIND instead of alternatives?
At a minimum, people should use alternative dns client libraries. After the libresolv security disaster, the djbdns client library was released as Public Domain which is arguably the most generous license possible (contrast with djb's highly annoying license for his other fine software--see NOTE at end of post).
If you are not familiar with djbdns, it is a BIND alternative that is simpler to manage and much more secure.
I've been using djbdns for a couple years and there hasn't been any exploits published about it. In fact, there's even a cash reward to anyone who finds a security hole in djbdns:
http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/guarantee.html
NOTE: The author of djbdns (and qmail, ucspi-tcp,
...) is D. J. Bernstein (djb). He offers a cash reward for people who find security holes in his software. He is generally well-respected for the quality of his software and equally annoying for not allowing modified versions of his software to be distributed (which is why people distribute modifications via patches). However, high-quality patches like chkuser 2.0 (for qmail) do exist and the annoying license hasn't been able to prevent steady progress of features/enhancements being added to his software via open source.Interestingly, he had a "disagreement" with the US Government in court over cryptography laws and appears to have won (for now).
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Re:BINDBIND is infamous for having security problems in both the server code and client libraries. Why do people continue to use BIND instead of alternatives?
At a minimum, people should use alternative dns client libraries. After the libresolv security disaster, the djbdns client library was released as Public Domain which is arguably the most generous license possible (contrast with djb's highly annoying license for his other fine software--see NOTE at end of post).
If you are not familiar with djbdns, it is a BIND alternative that is simpler to manage and much more secure.
I've been using djbdns for a couple years and there hasn't been any exploits published about it. In fact, there's even a cash reward to anyone who finds a security hole in djbdns:
http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/guarantee.html
NOTE: The author of djbdns (and qmail, ucspi-tcp,
...) is D. J. Bernstein (djb). He offers a cash reward for people who find security holes in his software. He is generally well-respected for the quality of his software and equally annoying for not allowing modified versions of his software to be distributed (which is why people distribute modifications via patches). However, high-quality patches like chkuser 2.0 (for qmail) do exist and the annoying license hasn't been able to prevent steady progress of features/enhancements being added to his software via open source.Interestingly, he had a "disagreement" with the US Government in court over cryptography laws and appears to have won (for now).
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Re:BINDBIND is infamous for having security problems in both the server code and client libraries. Why do people continue to use BIND instead of alternatives?
At a minimum, people should use alternative dns client libraries. After the libresolv security disaster, the djbdns client library was released as Public Domain which is arguably the most generous license possible (contrast with djb's highly annoying license for his other fine software--see NOTE at end of post).
If you are not familiar with djbdns, it is a BIND alternative that is simpler to manage and much more secure.
I've been using djbdns for a couple years and there hasn't been any exploits published about it. In fact, there's even a cash reward to anyone who finds a security hole in djbdns:
http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/guarantee.html
NOTE: The author of djbdns (and qmail, ucspi-tcp,
...) is D. J. Bernstein (djb). He offers a cash reward for people who find security holes in his software. He is generally well-respected for the quality of his software and equally annoying for not allowing modified versions of his software to be distributed (which is why people distribute modifications via patches). However, high-quality patches like chkuser 2.0 (for qmail) do exist and the annoying license hasn't been able to prevent steady progress of features/enhancements being added to his software via open source.Interestingly, he had a "disagreement" with the US Government in court over cryptography laws and appears to have won (for now).
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Re:BINDBIND is infamous for having security problems in both the server code and client libraries. Why do people continue to use BIND instead of alternatives?
At a minimum, people should use alternative dns client libraries. After the libresolv security disaster, the djbdns client library was released as Public Domain which is arguably the most generous license possible (contrast with djb's highly annoying license for his other fine software--see NOTE at end of post).
If you are not familiar with djbdns, it is a BIND alternative that is simpler to manage and much more secure.
I've been using djbdns for a couple years and there hasn't been any exploits published about it. In fact, there's even a cash reward to anyone who finds a security hole in djbdns:
http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/guarantee.html
NOTE: The author of djbdns (and qmail, ucspi-tcp,
...) is D. J. Bernstein (djb). He offers a cash reward for people who find security holes in his software. He is generally well-respected for the quality of his software and equally annoying for not allowing modified versions of his software to be distributed (which is why people distribute modifications via patches). However, high-quality patches like chkuser 2.0 (for qmail) do exist and the annoying license hasn't been able to prevent steady progress of features/enhancements being added to his software via open source.Interestingly, he had a "disagreement" with the US Government in court over cryptography laws and appears to have won (for now).
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Re:Yeah? SO WHAT? Pointless "benchmark"...In my last place we hosted mail for 30000 users using sendmail with the spool as reiser3 and mbox. It was always fun trying to fix users mailboxes after a kernel panic, power failure or whatever.
You make a very good case for using maildir.
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Re:The state of security
For gods sake, if you're not writing an operating system you have no business using C. Read me lips: YOU CAN'T WRITE SECURE C. Not now, not after 20 thousand hours of training, not ever.
Save it for Dan Bernstein because C and ASM are still the only choices for coding performance sensitive applications. Read my lips: YOU CAN WRITE INSECURE CODE IN ANY LANGUAGE. -
Re:Impractical amount of data?
A few points....
Microsoft never claimed any of the Win9x series of OS's to be secure. They specifically said that if you wanted security in their products to use NT. There was no security model at all in the 9x series of OS's, so 'security' as we know it today was not possible.
It would be nice if everyone was so forward thinking, but hardly anyone is. With Windows 95, Microsoft got caught with their pants down in regards to the internet and security, as right around the time windows 95 was released, internet usage started to explode. The first ever computer worm, "morris" afected unix machines running sendmail, and it took down virtually every unix machine on the 'internet' back when it was accidentally released. The scenario that led to morris was very similar to the one that led to all of the security problems with Windows. People just weren't very concerned about security back then and didn't see the potential security pitfalls that connecting a bunch of computers together could bring.
The comparison of the age of windows the age of linux isn't very fair. Linux has been a 32 bit operating system since it's birth in 1991 an it's overall design (a unix type OS) has not changed. Windows started being a true 32 bit OS with NT 4.0 which was released around 94 I believe, ad has absolutely nothng to do, in regards to it's core design, with any of the Windows 9x versions. All of your experience with Windows is with the 9x series which sole purpose was to transition customers over from a DOS based OS's to NT based OSs without breaking compatibility with legacy DOS programs. Obviosuly the transition was a rough one for many, for history has shown (read: Apple's transition from the Apple IIe to the Macintosh) that completely abandoning legacy technology and trying to force your customers straight into a new and improved technology without providing any legacy support is market suicide.
The reason XP was shipped making users admin by default was not because Microsoft didn't understand the security implications of it. It was a backwards compatibitly issue. Windows had a massive amount of old software written for Windows 95 and 98 and breaking compatibility withn them would be very very bad. Windows XP fully supports the installation of programs by regular users...*IF* the program is written with that in mind. When Microsoft shipped Windows 2000 and then XP, they tried to get windows developers to start coding their programs with security model in mind, but for the most part programmers ignored Microsoft's advice and continued to code their programs assuming that the end users would have admin rights.
"It wouldn't be too hard to make the OS tell you if the program's trying to change important system files, would it? "
No it's not hard at all. Windows has done it for ages by saying "access denied". All joking aside, Windows has had the capability of prompting you for admin rights when a properly written installer is launched under a non admin account. The problem is developers don't write their installers properly to take advanatge of this feature. I have the distinct feeling you're thinking of Mac OSX's ability to prompt for admin password when users try to install something. The reason this works so well in Mac OSX has tiny amount of software avaiable for it compared to Windows, and thus a much smaller pool of developers. Getting a group developers to all do something is akin to herding cats. Apple's "herd" is a hundred time smaller than Microsoft's "herd".
"Sorry, but Google says otherwise. First item on the page - New Version of MyDoom Worm in Zero-Day Attack."
This is not what I was talking about when I said "worm". I'm talking about things that replicate without user input. Something that spreads via an Intenet Explorer exploit requires user to go to a specially crafted web page to get infected. It's still bad, but IE has a very long history of being repeatedly exploited, much like sendmail in the 80's -
Re:Press release from FFII
The Directive will be rubber-stamped by the Council. It will be challenged in several national courts and possibly the European Court of Human Rights, for it breaks article 8 of this convention quite flagrantly.
But there appears to be no process for overturning the directive. EU directives override national law. This is a great success for the UK government which tried and failed to have this law passed in the UK.
Ironically, a report by the Commission just 4 years ago on the Echelon surveillance system stated quite clearly that "Only in a 'police state' is the unrestricted interception of
communications permitted by government authorities."
The EU is now officially a 'police state', by the Commission's own words. -
IPv6 is a mess
http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/ipv6mess.html
Do we really have to throw this much money into the volcano? -
Re:Clients are becoming too smart
Bottom line: Most people want glitz more than security. Case in point: Publicfile, DJB's web and FTP server. No one uses Publicfile, even though it has a far better security history than, say, Apache (I'm not saying Apache is insecure; I'm saying that Apache has had more security patches in its history than Publicfile). Why is this? Because web designers want high-performance dynamic content in several different programming languages. They want glitz more than security.
The only reason why djbdns and Qmail caught on is because they were reimplementations of internet protocols which were largely unchanged for over 15 years, and the main implementation of these protocols were grossly insecure at the time (just as MSIE security problems are bad enough that about 15% of the market is seriously looking at Firefox--the same marketshare Qmail got and djbdns has).
Security is not as important as you think it is; people generally conisder other features more important than security. -
Re:Clients are becoming too smart
Bottom line: Most people want glitz more than security. Case in point: Publicfile, DJB's web and FTP server. No one uses Publicfile, even though it has a far better security history than, say, Apache (I'm not saying Apache is insecure; I'm saying that Apache has had more security patches in its history than Publicfile). Why is this? Because web designers want high-performance dynamic content in several different programming languages. They want glitz more than security.
The only reason why djbdns and Qmail caught on is because they were reimplementations of internet protocols which were largely unchanged for over 15 years, and the main implementation of these protocols were grossly insecure at the time (just as MSIE security problems are bad enough that about 15% of the market is seriously looking at Firefox--the same marketshare Qmail got and djbdns has).
Security is not as important as you think it is; people generally conisder other features more important than security. -
Re:Clients are becoming too smart
Bottom line: Most people want glitz more than security. Case in point: Publicfile, DJB's web and FTP server. No one uses Publicfile, even though it has a far better security history than, say, Apache (I'm not saying Apache is insecure; I'm saying that Apache has had more security patches in its history than Publicfile). Why is this? Because web designers want high-performance dynamic content in several different programming languages. They want glitz more than security.
The only reason why djbdns and Qmail caught on is because they were reimplementations of internet protocols which were largely unchanged for over 15 years, and the main implementation of these protocols were grossly insecure at the time (just as MSIE security problems are bad enough that about 15% of the market is seriously looking at Firefox--the same marketshare Qmail got and djbdns has).
Security is not as important as you think it is; people generally conisder other features more important than security. -
Re:Clients are becoming too smart
Bottom line: Most people want glitz more than security. Case in point: Publicfile, DJB's web and FTP server. No one uses Publicfile, even though it has a far better security history than, say, Apache (I'm not saying Apache is insecure; I'm saying that Apache has had more security patches in its history than Publicfile). Why is this? Because web designers want high-performance dynamic content in several different programming languages. They want glitz more than security.
The only reason why djbdns and Qmail caught on is because they were reimplementations of internet protocols which were largely unchanged for over 15 years, and the main implementation of these protocols were grossly insecure at the time (just as MSIE security problems are bad enough that about 15% of the market is seriously looking at Firefox--the same marketshare Qmail got and djbdns has).
Security is not as important as you think it is; people generally conisder other features more important than security. -
Re:Hard to understandI agree with this completely. Far too often I am working with customers who can't even understand the basics of their own DNS. It's a large enough challenge to get people to realize that their MX records have to be in place if they want to recieve mail or getting them to understand what a zone transfer is let alone the importance of limiting who can do zone transfers and the like. Moving over to secure dns, while nice, would be a party trick at the moment.
Look at the abundance of well built DNS daemons in place.... PowerDNS, Daniel Bernsteins djbDNS, MaraDNS. Hell djbDNS has an ongoing cash prize to people who can find security vulnerabilities in the latest production version. Still though, people stick with microsoft dns and bind.