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Insect Robots For Mars Exploration

destructor writes "Thanks to these guys, I found this little robotic article. Aided by NASA's Institute for Advanced Concepts, flying insect robots are looking at a life on our "little red planet", Mars in order to procure some atmospheric information and samples. Since conventional aircraft are unable to precisely navigate the Mars surface due to very thin air qualities, the robots actually have the ability to "move only their wings rapidly - while the body flies slowly", to ease sample collections." Space.com is carrying a piece on this.

48 of 120 comments (clear)

  1. so now by llamalicious · · Score: 5, Funny

    so once big brother gets his hands on it, the tool of choise for personal privacy protection is going to be a fly swatter?
    :)

    1. Re:so now by ackthpt · · Score: 4, Funny
      Or end up like Accoustic Kitty.

      "I just heard a fly in the garden, trapped in a spider's web, call out for Philippe!"
      "That's nothing, I just heard a bunch of cockroach es in the fridge say, 'All your paté are belong to us!'"

      --

      A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
  2. Wonder if they will try it here first by eaddict · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I always get a kick out of these stories about robots being used on other planets. Anyone have a NASA link of these things being tried in some of our (Earth) extreme environment? Also, why don't we do these robot things on the moon first before we spend a billion or so going a few miles down the road?

    --
    "If you are on fire you can just stop, drop, and roll. If you fall into Lava you are just dead." - my 5yr old daughter
    1. Re:Wonder if they will try it here first by FortKnox · · Score: 2, Informative

      Their wings were developed for the Maritan Atmosphere, not earths.

      --
      Good quote, too many chars. Seriously, the slashdot 120 char limit sucks!
    2. Re:Wonder if they will try it here first by chinton · · Score: 3, Interesting
      So they build a vacuum chamber, pump out Earth's atmosphere, and pump in the equivalent Martian atmosphere and pressure.

      Simulating Martian gravity is another thing...

    3. Re:Wonder if they will try it here first by Nick+Number · · Score: 2

      Anyone have a NASA link of these things being tried in some of our (Earth) extreme environment

      Odds are the military has been trying them out for a while, but not talking about it. The article says
      The Entomopter concept originated at GTRI with U.S. military interest in palm-sized "micro air vehicles" that could surreptitiously explore underground bunkers and other structures. For that mission, a 50-gram Entomopter with a 15-centimeter wingspan could fly through ventilation ducts and using insect-like legs, crawl through narrow passageways or half-open doors. Development of that version continues in parallel with the Mars version.

      An insect-sized remote would be a formidible successor to Predator aircraft. They wouldn't be able to carry any weapons though.

      --
      Promote proofreading. Don't mod up sloppy posts.
    4. Re:Wonder if they will try it here first by WhiteKnight07 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Also, why don't we do these robot things on the moon first...

      Because it would be rather hard for these things to function on the moon, seeing as it has no atmosphere.

      --


      We're going to make information free Mr. Anderson, whether you like it, or not.
    5. Re:Wonder if they will try it here first by CaseyB · · Score: 2
      Also, why don't we do these robot things on the moon first before we spend a billion or so going a few miles down the road?

      Once you've gotten out of earth's gravity well, the distance travelled doesn't make much of a difference in cost. It's more of a logistical challenge, but there really isn't an economic argument for a throwaway lunar trial.

    6. Re:Wonder if they will try it here first by MobyTurbo · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Also, why don't we do these robot things on the moon first before we spend a billion or so going a few miles down the road?
      Because unlike Mars, the moon has *no* atmosphere. The flapping wings are meant to make the robot fly in the extremely thin atmosphere of Mars, they are useless on the Moon.
  3. Must... Resist... by Orne · · Score: 3, Funny

    ... So when they there are bugs in NASA's program, they aren't kidding!

  4. Nature never fails to amaze me by Jucius+Maximus · · Score: 3, Insightful
    It blows my mind that something created thousands (if not millions ) of years ago by nature is versatile enough to be deployed for extraplanetary exploration.

    If nature did not come up with flapping wings as a method of flight, how long would it have taken humanity to come up with the idea?

    1. Re:Nature never fails to amaze me by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      We'd probably have come up with conventional flight a little sooner. Before the Wrights, most people had been trying to emulate a bird's wings. Obviously, they didn't know enough about flight or how a bird flies to be able to do it very well.

    2. Re:Nature never fails to amaze me by JMZero · · Score: 2, Funny

      It is amazing the solutions nature comes up with to problems.

      Imagine how dangerous the world would be if nature figured out projectiles. Or wheels. Or fission. That would be one mean shark.

      I guess nature did come up with those things - it just used humans as an intermediary.

      --
      Let's not stir that bag of worms...
    3. Re:Nature never fails to amaze me by DahGhostfacedFiddlah · · Score: 4, Insightful

      From what I understand, we still don't fully understand how flapping wings fully work. Until recently, calculations on the lift provided by bees wings showed that they should crash and burn. I think, though, that without flapping-winged animals, we could have gotten there by studying fish, whose flexible bodies have far better propulsion than any of our fixed-shape vehicles nowadays.

      Anyway, more on-topic, I love the fact that they're so small - NASA could put a few thousand in a single payload, and even if 90% fail, we'd be able to closely map a *lot* of Mars' surface. I was thinking, though, that a better design might be something more grasshopper-like? In the low gravity and pressure, you'd think this would make more sense than trying to design something to fly, and take less energy than constant wing movement.

    4. Re:Nature never fails to amaze me by SpinyNorman · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The trouble with any ground bsed thing, particularly a small one, is that it's going to take forever to cover any interesting amount of territory, and in practice would likely fail somehow (reach end of life or get disabled by terrain) before it got too far.

      What I'd like to see would be some kind of self inflating blimp that could survey a lot of land and transmit back imaging info. Maybe a helium blimp or perhaps even a hot air one powered by solar electricity.

      What would be really cool would be if they had a public competition to allow one or two non-NASA designed bots to go along too. Fighting with the NASA bit would have to be a no-no, though!

    5. Re:Nature never fails to amaze me by Vikki_R. · · Score: 2, Informative
      What I'd like to see would be some kind of self inflating blimp that could survey a lot of land and transmit back imaging info. Maybe a helium blimp or perhaps even a hot air one powered by solar electricity.

      One question: how will the air be heated? On Earth, all we have to do is strike a match because Earth has oxygen. Mars has very little, if any, oxygen. Oxygen is a prerequisite for something to combust, as it said in the article.

      Also, someone else in this thread made a very good point-- the temperature varies way too much for a blimp to be feasible. It would explode-- or, on the other hand, the air pressure would decrease so much that the balloon part of the blimp (I know there is a special term for that part-- anyone know what it is, by any chance?) would essentially deflate.

      BTW, they have tested the entomopter. Every couple of monthes the Discovery Channel runs a show that has a bit about the entomopter. It's due to air pretty soon, I think. (My dad is addicted to Discovery, TLC, & the History Channel; he watches the show about the entomopter every time it comes on. (oy!)) But anyway, it's not like the people at GIT have only tested it on computer models; they just can't test a full-sized model with a full payload-- it would quite literally crash-and-burn. Oh yeah, now I remember-- the show is about mini-aircraft in general, and the bulk of the show is specifically about mini-spycraft. Some of the things the CIA has in the works are really fascinating :)

  5. Storms... by scott1853 · · Score: 4, Funny

    Haven't they had enough problems controlling fairly large machines on that planet? Making a flying robot that flaps it's wings really fast to fly doesn't sound too reasonable. Maybe I have my planets wrong, but doesn't Mars experience some major storms every year. How much wind would it take to blow these things into a rock and smash them into tiny little pieces.

    1. Re:Storms... by scott1853 · · Score: 2

      Tonka Toys don't meet those first two requirements. They also aren't self propelled flying machines with lots of highly intricate and mission-critical electronics inside.

      So if one of these robots can handle my 4 year old jumping up and down on it, and then tossing it out the second story window onto the sidewalk, then I'd consider it durable.

    2. Re:Storms... by nusuth · · Score: 3, Informative
      Not at all, kinematic viscosity of air and consequently the drag force is not enough to carry "sand" aloft, though it can carry very small particles with ease. Mars happens to have a fair amount dust made of small particles (no rain to wash them away), this is what gives foggy and dark looks to Martian storms. It is not like an desert storm on earth.

      Ofcourse "no problems except visibility" is a bit off the mark. There would be many problems with loss communication, static, dust seeping in the suits and possibly breathing apparatus, mechanical failures of instruments due to dust accumulation, unavaliability of air transorts etc. Let me put it this way, there is practically no difference between a 200kph martian storm and a 500kph one for someone on Martian surface.

      --

      Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the War Room!

  6. Foretold in Anime and Manga... by Bonker · · Score: 2

    If you watch Nadesico at all, all the Characters that were born/lived on Mars are infected/gifted with worm-like nanites that live in their bodies. The nanites are the original exploratory and terraforming machinery in the story...

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    The next Slashdot story will be ready soon, but subscribers can beat the rush and slashdot the links early!
  7. This seems too complicated by JMZero · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I liked thetumbleweed idea a lot more, though it's not so sexy. It seems like the odds of mechanical/electrical failures on a flyer are greater than the odds of our tumbleweed falling in a hole.

    --
    Let's not stir that bag of worms...
    1. Re:This seems too complicated by SoupIsGoodFood_42 · · Score: 2, Informative
      Nice idea, but no real point unless the tumble weed can fly long distances.

      "The trouble with the rovers is that they land in one spot and are very limited in the extent to which they can explore," says Robert Michelson, principal research engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and lead developer of the Entomopter design. "It's frustrating to be looking through the camera of a rover and wonder what might be on the other side of the next ridge. If we could get a vehicle that could fly over that ridge, we could do surveys much more efficiently."

  8. I really think this is the way to go... by wnknisely · · Score: 4, Insightful

    With the present success of the robotic drones in Afghanistan, the idea of using some sort of similar robot to explore difficult environments is looking seriously promising.

    There is of course the delay time in communication that makes it unlikely we'll be able to control the drones remotely from Earth - but that just makes it an interesting programing problem.

    Seriously - cheap disposable robots that don't need the kinds of life support systems (or return flight ticket) that human exploration needs makes a ton more sense then sending up an expensive and non-expendable team.

    Sure you don't get the kind of glamor exposure that a human explorer would get - but robots are clearly the best pragmatic and economical choice.

    --
    In illa quae ultra sunt
  9. Space.Com stories by Mournblade · · Score: 2, Funny

    Okay, I know this is off-topic, but look at the headlines on the main page of space.com:

    "NASA Report: Space Travel 'Inherently Hazardous' to Human Health"

    Well, duh.

    1. Re:Space.Com stories by Animats · · Score: 2

      That link pops up a "world's largest casino" pop-under. That seems appropriate.

  10. Re:Interesting quote by PopeAlien · · Score: 3, Funny

    I don't know, but this just shows how advanced Linux has become.. I mean every OS has bugs, but how often can that be said the other way around?

  11. Re:seems like a good weapon by czardonic · · Score: 2, Funny

    Assumming these could be built cheaply enough you could send out hundreds of these to invade caves, scout out undergroud bunkers, etc. Design them so that it doesn't matter if someone manages to take out a few of them as long as some of the bots complete their mission.

    Personally, I think that a good weapon/suveillance device is one that can't be defeated by mosquito netting.

    --
    Takahashi Rumiko made beats! DON, taku, DON, taku. . .
  12. before we explore mars by perdida · · Score: 3, Interesting

    we had better work out who owns it, etc.

    The U.S. and the Russians are arguing over the I.S.S. already. This is why the Russians would not send up their cargo module.

    It's gotten beyond the point of treaties for international peace saying "we all own space." No nation will go into space, and neither will any company go there, without some way of deriving profit.

    Before anyone sets a toe down anywhere in the name of anything, let's figure this out.

    1. Re:before we explore mars by Winged+Cat · · Score: 2

      Well...that's one of the neat things about exploring: you don't care who owns it, so long as the owner can't kick you out. And, right now, there are no guns on Mars to force explorers away.

      Mars, and other celestial properties, will belong to those who actually land there and develop them. Arguing about it before actually using it just delays the time when people will actually start using it.

    2. Re:before we explore mars by ergo98 · · Score: 2, Funny

      And, right now, there are no guns on Mars to force explorers away.

      Oh I beg to differ!

  13. BEAM by SubtleNuance · · Score: 4, Informative

    Anyone interested in 'insect-like' robots will want to do some reading on "B.E.A.M. Robotics", B.E.A.M. stands for Biology, Electronics, Aesthetics, and Mechanics. Bascially, it is the idea, codified by Mark Tilden (linus to beam roboticists (sp?)) that says that roboticists (sp?) should start by building/adapting simple autonimous robots, capable of small tasks. Each successive robot (the next one you build) should be slightly better. If we continue this (un?)natural evolution we should come up with life-like machines. Simple. Elegant. Capable.

    See this Google search to start: http://www.google.com/search?q=beam+robotics

    To we the appetite, here is a small gallery of Tilden's bots.

    1. Re:BEAM by CaseyB · · Score: 2
      You can buy Mark's robots, for about $40 a piece. Hasbro is selling BIO Bugs, a "consumerized" version. Wired has a piece on them and their development.

      I know him from when he was still at the University of Waterloo many years ago. Whenever there is a piece on TV about simple, emergent robots, he's quoted without fail.

  14. ahem... by turbine216 · · Score: 3, Funny

    GUARD #1: Listen, in order to maintain air-speed velocity, an entomoper needs to beat its wings 43 times every second, right?

    ARTHUR: Please!

    GUARD #1: Am I right?

    ARTHUR: I'm not interested!

    GUARD #2: It could be carried by an African entomoper!

    GUARD #1: Oh, yeah, an African entomoper maybe, but not a European swallow, that's my point.

  15. Small mass leads to low damage by Christopher+B.+Brown · · Score: 3, Interesting
    We have come to understand with great vigor this fall that when large aircraft come down unexpectedly, this leads to very bad things.

    The same is not true for smaller craft.

    If a 747 "prangs" on landing, there are likely to be people injured or killed. On the other hand, smaller aircraft take hard landings rather a lot better.

    Taking it to a more significant extreme, I used to fly radio controlled planes. The five pound 5 foot wingspan planes could take a pretty hard landing without damage. Move to an 8 footer weighing 15 pounds, and the plane is much more fragile.

    Taking it in the other direction, it's probably impossible to kill an ant by dropping it from high altitude; there's not enough density for the terminal velocity to be too terribly high, and there's not enough mass for there to be much of an impact.

    A "flying robot" is liable to be a bit bigger than an ant, but it's certainly down there in the "small scale" category. If it's made of tough materials, it should be quite resilient.

    --
    If you're not part of the solution, you're part of the precipitate.
  16. This will show optimus prime by sam_handelman · · Score: 2, Funny

    Now that we have these, we finally have a force capable of opposing his accursed dinobots.

    --
    The good and new comes from no quarter where it is looked for, and is always something different from what is expected.
  17. X-files by eclectric · · Score: 2, Informative

    Since nobody else pointed this out, I will. This was suggested in an Episode (season 3) of the X-files. In the episode, a scientist theorized that explorations like a Mars expedition would be conducted by robots, and that creating robots to mimic insects was much more practical than making them mimic humans.

    The episode further suggests that in fact this is how alien civilisations are exploring our planet.

  18. Another thing.. by nusuth · · Score: 2, Informative
    Haven't they had enough problems controlling fairly large machines on that planet?

    No they haven't. AFAIK, all crafts that succeded in landing on the surface performed well beyond their design. Mars was russians nightmare, they send countless probes, and none (or a few) got there. States has only two major failures with crafts bound to Mars, it is just that those two were the last two missions to Mars.

    --

    Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the War Room!

  19. Simulating flight on Mars by PseudonymousCoward · · Score: 3, Informative


    The X-Plane web site has a description of some of the problems of conventional (non-flapping) flight on Mars. They also have flight models to allow simulation of flight. (However, the propulsion is a little unrealistic; maybe "muscles" would work better.)

    --
    If it isn't true, don't say it. If it isn't helpful, don't say it. If it's true and helpful, wait for the right time.
  20. Sorta stupid when you think about it. by Bowie+J.+Poag · · Score: 3, Interesting



    This sounds more like a "Lets build an unorthodox. unusual and attention-getting device so we can attract supporters for the idea!" concept rather than a truly practical and realistic one. Sounds like a varitable CueCat of Mars exploration.

    Being able to navigate in a particular direction isn't the issue. There are solutions to the navigation problem that are far cheaper, and yeild far better results than "insect robots". For example:

    Balloons. Whats wrong with having a computer-controlled balloon with a cannister of hydrogen or helium beneath it? As local temperature and air pressure change, the computer could inflate or deflate accordingly. Toss in a good altimeter, and you can drift across the surface within a few feet for months on end. A small armada of these could cover a very wide area in a relatively short amount of time. It requires no propulsion, it will never run out of fuel, its a simple device that by its very design lessens the risk of mechanical failure, and its extremely cheap to produce and deploy.

    If not balloons, why not use spring-loaded "grasshoppers" ? Essentially big wind-up toys, you can deploy thousands of these on the surface. They dont require intelligence, they dont consume fuel, and they dont require supervision of any sort. They simply pop around the surface taking photographs both on the ground and in the air, and when their spring begins to run low, they use the remainder of the spring's potential energy to broadcast the pictures and atmospheric data they recorded during their lifespan of hopping around Mars for a few weeks. Both of these ideas make sense, because when used in large groups, you can map enormous areas of terrain fairly well, like sending out guys in every direction at the beginning of a game of Command & Conquer. Once all the balloons (or grasshoppers) collect all their data, you can decide an interesting path for any subsequent rover to take.

    I think this guy fails to realize that the more complicated his device becomes, the more risks of failure you encounter, the higher the pricetag becomes, and the more problems you'll have no way of addressing. As the old saying goes, "Keep it simple, stupid!". Sure, brainless observers & reporters arent nearly as glamorous as FLYING ROBOT INSECTS, but Mars exploration isnt about being able to license the design to Matchbox to sell miniatures of your invention to kids. Its about getting the job done as cheaply and reliably as possible.

    Cheers,

    --
    Bowie J. Poag

    1. Re:Sorta stupid when you think about it. by Bowie+J.+Poag · · Score: 2

      But it would be pretty hard to get them where you want them to go. So it's prolly not the best.

      Thats the whole point. Who cares where they end up? With enough of them, over time they'll map everything anyway without any sort of guidance.

      If they can take photos, they will require fuel. Also, if you can't control them, then they're pretty usless. And I'd imagine that if they landed on the side of a bolder, they'd probably end up up-side down. If they where 'intelligent' they might be able to filp themselves back up. And they also can't cross big cliffs/canyons very well.

      You're wrong here. The energy required to take photos can be stored in a spring. Apparently you've missed Slashdot's umpteen billion stories on the "wind-up radio". And so what if the grasshopper lands upside down, or on an angle? The images are going to undergo image processing back on Earth anyway--All you have to do is just rotate the image so that its oriented correctly. Use your head, man. And use GIMP while you're at it. :)

      Cheers,

      --
      Bowie J. Poag

    2. Re:Sorta stupid when you think about it. by Bullschmidt · · Score: 2

      I'm just parrotting what it says in another later comment, but a few problems w/ balloons:

      1. Getting the gas (presumeably h2). Either build a support infrastructure there to generate it, with is tough and expensive, or carry it, which is not easy either.

      2. A balloon can only lift as much as the difference in weight between the weight of the gas in the balloon and the weighty of an equivalent volume of the atmosphere. Since the atmosphere is already pretty thin, you'd need pretty large balloons. Plus the extreme temp changes (as mentioned in the article) change things constantly, so you have to ensure that all your materials can stretch as the gas inside expands, or they have to be full only at the hottest temperatures, and thus be relatively empty later, or carry a tank to transfer gas in and out.. but that adds a lot of weight.

      --
      "Of all days, the day on which one has not laughed is the most surely the one wasted." -Sebastian Roch Nicol
    3. Re:Sorta stupid when you think about it. by The+Milky+Bar+Kid · · Score: 2, Informative

      Balloons. Whats wrong with having a computer-controlled balloon with a cannister of hydrogen or helium beneath it?

      Research is going on in this area. For example, a proposal from a Texas Uni is here: www.tsgc.utexas.edu/tadp/2001/tcu.pdf. It's not a trivial problem - the air's a lot thinner on Mars, so a Mars balloon would need to be v. similar to a high-altitude balloon on earth.

      If not balloons, why not use spring-loaded "grasshoppers" ?

      ANd for this one, see here - http://www.beyond2000.com/news/Nov_00/story_900.ht ml

      Sure, brainless observers & reporters arent nearly as glamorous as FLYING ROBOT INSECTS, but Mars exploration isnt about being able to license the design to Matchbox to sell miniatures of your invention to kids. Its about getting the job done as cheaply and reliably as possible.

      Well, when you're trying to get funding, and when you want publicity (hell, who doesn't) being glamorous IS important. Unfortunately, this is what led to years of AI researchers talking about how their computers were going to be smarter than humans oh... any day now. Believing your own hype is a classic AI disease.

      And in the research field, you've gotta have your own angle, otherwise no-one will pay attention. On the good side, this leads to people trying out wild and crazy ideas about flapping wing robots (and off-the-wall ideas that end up working). On the down side, it leads to no end Academic Bitchfighting over whose idea is better.

      --
      -- This post is about truth, beauty, freedom, and above all things, Karma
  21. Airships by shpoffo · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I still have not heard a good arguement for why airships are not used in this scenario. Most of the volume/weight is acquired on-location making transport cheaper/easier and the skin of the ballon could be made of a photo-voltaic substance that could harvest light for operation.

    -shpoffo

  22. Re:A patent on this? by Tackhead · · Score: 2
    > Am I the only one who thinks that there is a serious problem with the researchers getting a patent on this after being funded by NASA and the Georgia Insitute of Technology?

    Given the speed with which NASA moves on adopting and deploying new technology (somewhere between "glacial" and "sloth on valium"), the patents will have expired by the time the devices are ever used, so develop away to your heart's content.

  23. Make Mars an Online Game by Tenebrious1 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    We're used to lag... so what's 15 minutes?

    To pay for the exploration, let people buy the bugs. We control them, give them commands on where to go, what to do. Like any online game, you build clans and alliances, then wage war on other armies. Ok, maybe it wouldn't be good to be able to PK (or BK) other bugs since it's not easy to replace them and I suppose they won't be too cheap. Have some sort of power modules dropped around where our bugs can automatically home in on when they're low on energy, or just drop them ahead of the advancing army of bugs.

    I bet within a year we'd have all of Mars explored.

    --
    -- If god wanted me to have a sig, he'd have given me a sense of humor.
  24. This is so NASA by Animats · · Score: 2

    About 20 years ago, some of the AI types had a NASA conference where they proposed building self-replicating machines capable of building a moon base. By the year 2000. I asked, "How soon will you be able to do this in New Mexico?". They hated that.

  25. Hmmm...but in reverse by Migelikor1 · · Score: 2

    Alright, suppose MASA (Mars Air and Space Administration) wanted to explore the big blue planet. Their engineers have low gravity, and look like floating octopi with heads full of hydrogen, so their first thought is obviously to make a convenient aerial surveilance system. It needs to be durable, with a hard structure, and capable of dissolving just about anything for fuel.....CRAP DON"T SWAT ANY FLIES.
    For this reason, I suggest talking to the insects, to try to insure that our defeat by the martians will be swift and painless.

    --
    My Karma is so good, I'm the Dalai Lama...or something.
  26. Urban legend warning! by Spamalamadingdong · · Score: 2
    From what I understand, we still don't fully understand how flapping wings fully work. Until recently, calculations on the lift provided by bees wings showed that they should crash and burn.
    No, what the calculations indicated was that bees could not glide. Which they can't, and don't. Until CFD work was sufficiently advanced it wasn't well-understood how they did fly (the behavior of fluids at low Reynolds numbers wasn't that easy to analyze), but nobody seriously wrote "Bees shouldn't be able to fly".

    There's a full analysis of this folktale on the web somewhere, but I'm at work and don't have time to go looking for it to post a cite.