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64 Mbyte Write once CMOS Chip from Standard Fabs

brian wang writes "Matrix semiconductor has taped out 64 Mbyte write once chip. It is 8 layer memory that can be made at standard fabs. They will be made at Taiwan Semiconductor initially in a 0.25micron process. It will be compatible with Flash. Obviously when they move to 0.18 micron and 0.13 and 0.10 micron processes that already are producing chips the memory size will shoot up to rival CDRoms from single chips. Revolutionary impact for handhelds, PCs, ROMDrives etc..." See, I knew it: Little is better.

48 of 173 comments (clear)

  1. OS BIOS by lavaforge · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I'm not too much of a hardware guy, but I do know that the BIOS of a computer are made of CMOS. I also know that they're extremely small. Would this have any impact on instant boot projects like LinuxBIOS? With 64MB you could fit pretty much the entire boot procedure. That would be sweet.

    1. Re:OS BIOS by toastyman · · Score: 4, Informative

      Actually, no.

      The tiny bit of ram that the BIOS uses to store all your settings between boots is made of CMOS. The BIOS itself is stored in regular PROMs or in more recent years flash rom.

    2. Re:OS BIOS by toastyman · · Score: 2, Insightful

      .... that you could only write once, sure. :)

    3. Re:OS BIOS by anandsr · · Score: 2

      You are right, but the thing is that his idea is
      current, since these CMOS chips are write once they
      are more like the PROM's. So if the PROM started to
      come as a Matrix chip you could replace them simply
      with the Matrix chip with your favourite BIOS chip
      and yes it could have everything on it. Then we could
      see impressive boot times, can you imagine Linux
      up and running within 30Secs (I don't know how fast
      they are).

    4. Re:OS BIOS by Anonymous+Colin · · Score: 3, Informative

      30 seconds... You could just store an image of the RAM of a booted Linux system and boot INSTANTLY...!!!

      Hmm, I guess to you, POST only means a piece of wood stuck in the ground.

      Restoring the system memory to a known state is NOT ENOUGH. The hardware has to be initialized to a known state as well. This can't be done by simply loading memory somewhere. Some devices require resetting (because they have write-only control registers and you can't know what state they are in by reading status), a sequence of commands/register writes with appropriate time delays and often a register needs to be programmed with several distinct commands, in the right order.

      Simply having a RAM image just doesn't cut it, you need startup code as well. Also, the devices POSTs (Power-On Self Test) impose delays that the OS writer has no control over.

      Colin

  2. How much will be "enough"? by Pete+(big-pete) · · Score: 2, Troll

    Interesting stuff, but how much storage space will we ultimately need to carry with us?

    With technology like this advancing along with moore's law I can see that it shouldn't be a few more years before it'll be commonplace to carry devices with GBs of data in your pocket.

    It's a common point to note that famous phrase that "640Kb should be enough for anyone!", but I think that now we truely are starting to reach the limits of neccessity for normal portable memory.

    How much do you really think YOU need to carry?

    -- Pete.

    1. Re:How much will be "enough"? by Carl+Drougge · · Score: 3, Interesting

      If the technology is there, people will want to carry (DVD-quality) movies around (without a "huge" DVD..). Once we're there, people will want to carry many of them. And then 3D-movies.. and after that I'm sure someone will come up with something even bigger.

    2. Re:How much will be "enough"? by 87C751 · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Interesting stuff, but how much storage space will we ultimately need to carry with us?
      I think it's not so much "how much" as it is "what kind". This is a nicely portable write-once medium that operates like a conventional CF card. I see it as handy for carrying keying materials (like your GPG private keyring) without having to worry about Mallet trojanizing its contents. More portable and sturdier than a CD-R.
      --
      Mail? Put "slashdot" in the subject to pass the spam filters.
    3. Re:How much will be "enough"? by Tsar · · Score: 5, Interesting

      In ten years, if I can have a 1-cm resolution 3D map of my city, which will overlay on my HUD-equipped Oakleys and provide interactivity with any object in my visual environment, and that database requires a 500GB solid state 3D-memory device, then that's what I'm going to want. Learn from history: If you build it, the applications will come.

      I once heard a story (may be an urban legend—anybody have good data?) that Bill Gates once visited Intel's offices and that while he and Andy Grove strolled about the facility, Grove mentioned that it was difficult to imagine a widespread consumer market for the blazingly fast CPUs on the far right of Intel's roadmap. According to the story, Gates replied with something like, "Don't worry; continue to develop and market faster chips, and we will continue to develop and market innovative and compelling software that will bring it to its knees." I'd wager that the same goes for memory technology.

    4. Re:How much will be "enough"? by Howie · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Well, I have 140Gb of storage for MP3s. I'd like to be able to carry that around, for a start. No more media for my walkman - just everything already in it.

      --
      "don't fall into the fallacy of believing that Perl can solve social problems. Maybe Perl 6 can, but that's a ways off"
    5. Re:How much will be "enough"? by Skinny+Rav · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Well, it would be nice to carry around my ~/. directory, but this is just a couple hundred MB. The whole music collection (maybe even uncompressed, just wav format) in a device size of a typical mp3 player - that's the good thing. I move around a lot and taking lots of cdroms/CDs is quite inconvenient.

      Or maybe different: forget PDAs, mp3 players and so on. Think about a key-ring device, like these USB storages, just with a couple of GBs on it, so you can carry _everything_ you need on it, like your home directory, which means you just plug it in any compatible computer (any unix, linux, MacOSX or whatever) and you feel at home: all your files, all your settings, your mp3s, your emacs and mutt configs (OK, I know _these_ would fit on a floppy ;-) are right here, just log in and enjoy.

      Surely, I would like a thing like that.

      Then of course a question: what is the power consumption of such memory compared to hard drives? Would it increase or reduce battery lifetime in notebooks? Well, for sure it would be faster and not so noisy as HD.

      Raf

    6. Re:How much will be "enough"? by sql*kitten · · Score: 2

      With technology like this advancing along with moore's law I can see that it shouldn't be a few more years before it'll be commonplace to carry devices with GBs of data in your pocket.

      It's almost then now. Ever watched a DVD on your laptop while you're sitting on a plane?

      How much do you really think YOU need to carry?

      That question can't be answered unless we can also make assumptions about how much portable bandwidth is available to download data on demand from a (reliable, secure, vast) storage/distribution facility (whether that's an ASP or your always-connected desktop PC) and cache it. Then, the answer is, the optimal size of the cache.

    7. Re:How much will be "enough"? by plastik55 · · Score: 5, Funny
      ...overlay on my HUD-equipped Oakleys and provide interactivity with any object in my visual environment...


      You can just walk up and touch the things you know...

      --

      I have a positive modifier on Troll. When I mod someone Troll their karma should go UP!

    8. Re:How much will be "enough"? by clary · · Score: 2


      Interesting stuff, but how much storage space will we ultimately need to carry with us?


      All of it. (grin)
      --

      "Rub her feet." -- L.L.

    9. Re:How much will be "enough"? by Saeger · · Score: 2
      ...overlay on my HUD-equipped Oakleys...

      Yeah, I can't wait for environment-based RSD overlay myself, but RAM doesn't need to be a major limitation; after all, in 10 years you should be able to wirelessly tap into such a database from anywhere, and you would only need buffer your immediate surroundings- more efficient than a static database of your entire city.

      I can imagine a few killer apps:

      • The ability to block out annoying ads in real life (woohoo!)
      • A helper app for those with trouble mentally undressing people for business (giving speeches) and pleasure. :)
      • Never-Forget-A-Name-Again Tags(TM)
      • GPS + ObjectRecognition based info overlay (for when there is no map, or preexisting tags)
      • Oh yeah... can't forget about full FOV, stereoscopic media & gaming -- like a personal IMAX theater.
      Ten years is a little on the pessimistic side though...

      --

      --
      Power to the Peaceful
  3. 64 M is small by lfourrier · · Score: 2, Troll

    I remember, years ago, a presentation of write only memory modules, in which you could write TERABYTES of data, in a very small (for the time)dip 16 form factor.
    That was a lot of capacity.
    And for the fact you could never read it, bah, examine your computer, your diskets box, your cdrom collection... how many Gb did you not read in the last three years.

  4. So WHAT capacities are possible? by Tsar · · Score: 3, Informative

    "Using a 3-D fabrication method that deposits layers of circuits with a modified CMOS process, the technique can yield nine to 10 times the amount of chips per a given wafer, providing a cost advantage over traditional flash memory, according to Matrix..."

    So we could see a CDROM-capacity write-once "consumable memory" chip that was the same size as a 64MB chip now. Nice, but the article later says:

    "The company said it sees no limit to the number of layers that could be added to a device."

    How does that jive with the earlier stated scalability of 9-10x?

    "'If they can really do this and produce working devices, it is very hot,' said Richard Wawrzyniak, an analyst at Semico Research (Phoenix)."

    Oh, so heat is the limiting factor! <g> Seriously, though, I agree with his assessment—having the devices actually work would greatly contribute to their coolness factor.

    1. Re:So WHAT capacities are possible? by Emil+Brink · · Score: 2

      It jives very well, the way I read it. They get more chips per wafer, at a factor of 9-10X since the chips' areas are smaller. They claim to be able to grow the volume (i.e., the height) by adding any number of layers. Thus, the overall capacity can scale without limit, assuming, probably, loads of things. Personally, I'm not sure this is an overall good thing--it just seems like a way for Kodak et al to continue the gotta-buy-consumable-storage way of photography running. And I dislike that. Of course, Sony's MemorySticks aren't exactly cheap... ;^)

      --
      main(O){10<putchar(4^--O?77-(15&5128 >>4*O):10)&&main(2+O);}
    2. Re:So WHAT capacities are possible? by afidel · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Well proprietary Sony memory may not be cheap, but compact flash and smartmedia sure are. 320MB CF can be had for as cheap as $142. Tell me that's not cheap. Hell 2 years ago that much sdram would have cost at least that much. Speaking of cheap, compact flash costs only $20 for a 64MB piece, this tech is going to have to be damn cheap to be worth it. I mean who is going to buy write once memory for even a small fraction of the read/write equivilant?

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    3. Re:So WHAT capacities are possible? by KILNA · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I buy write-once CDR's all the time and never even consider buying CDRW's. This is a direct result of the cost difference between the two, and the practical similarities in how they function for my purposes. For storing information that I don't expect to modify, why wouldn't I use write-only media, especially if there's a significant cost savings over an competing read-write medium? For photography there's already cameras out there that burn to a CDR as you take pictures, so there's definitely a market for folks who don't need to modify the information after its stored.

      All things being equal, why wouldn't I use something that's write-only, more reliable and faster than CDR's since it isn't bogged down by moving parts, and of an expected comparable price to optical media? Yeah, its vaporware right now, but if they manage to make those criteria I think it would be unwise to say they wouldn't have a market.

      --
      Error: PANTS NOT FOUND. Press <F1> to continue.
  5. I hope they do well, buuut.... by dbarclay10 · · Score: 2

    Really, I do hope they do well. It's always nice to see new technologies. I don't think this is particularily *new*, so to speak, but you get the idea.

    Now, the question is, will general consumers have any interest in these? I wouldn't want my motherboard's BIOS to be on one of these things. Even Intel and IBM make mistakes; if I had to buy a new chip with the new BIOS revision on it, I'd be irritated.

    Likewise, for PDAs and the like, it's even more doubtful. Sure, if they're cheap, it might be useful for *some* things. But do you want your OS on there? Really? Understand that you can't upgrade it, you can't change anything that's on there ... you're stuck with what they give you.

    --

    Barclay family motto:
    Aut agere aut mori.
    (Either action or death.)
    1. Re:I hope they do well, buuut.... by ianezz · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Understand that you can't upgrade it, you can't change anything that's on there ... you're stuck with what they give you

      Well, it depends. On a multisession CDROM you can add data until there's space on it. A translating layer in the middle could present the data in the new session as an overlay over the data in the previous sessions, thus giving you a "write few times - read many times" storage media, even if a given area can be written only once. This indeed is what is done at least for the table of contents of a multisession CDROM.

      Since CDROMs have slow access time, this is pratical only for the TOC, which is read only few times, but for these chips that would be a non-issue, and assuming you don't have to write 64MB (or whatever size they'll be) at once on them, you could effectively "update" the data on them.

      Incidentally, access to earlier versions of the data would be easy: one would just have to consider all the sessions but the last N ones...

      Does it still sound weird to use them for storing firmware?

    2. Re:I hope they do well, buuut.... by mindstrm · · Score: 2

      You are correct... but mixing terms.
      It's still Write Once - Read Many. Just like a CD-R, or an old WORM drive.

      Regardless of how you are 'seeing' the filesystem on it.. you are still only ever writing to somewhere that has never been written before.

      Also... what do you mean, 'practical only for the TOC'? A multisession CD, yes, writes new data (if required) and a new TOC.

      How would this memory be any different?

    3. Re:I hope they do well, buuut.... by ianezz · · Score: 2
      Regardless of how you are 'seeing' the filesystem on it.. you are still only ever writing to somewhere that has never been written before

      Precisely. I just wanted to point out that writing it all at once isn't the only way it may be used, and with some little trickery it can be interesting for storing firmware that needs occasional updates.

      How would this memory be any different?

      Conceptually speaking, little if no difference.

      Pratically speaking (of a filesystem): since with this memory there are smaller access times than the ones of a CD reader, it would actually make sense to store only the data blocks that changed (or even just a diff).

      This isn't usually done with multisession CD, because it would obviously result in fragmented files, and CD readers have long seek times (thus long access times). I admit I was wrong in making an exception for the TOC, since the new ones contain also all the entries of the older ones (I thought they contained only the entries that changed).

      That said it is reasonable (with a multisession CD-R) to sacrifice space and write on the new session the full content of a file that changed, even if the difference is only a couple of bytes or so. With 1KB files that makes no difference, but with little changes in files of a dozen of so of megabytes... it starts to be expensive.

      BTW, iso9660 allows fragmented files only with iso9660 level 3 (and the last time I checked, Nero didn't support it, even if other less popular software did).

    4. Re:I hope they do well, buuut.... by mindstrm · · Score: 2

      Multisession coupled with iso9660, yes, that does not re-use blocks.
      But what about, say, UDF?

  6. Ever closer by GigsVT · · Score: 4, Funny

    To creating real Write-only memory.

    --
    I've had enough abrasive sigs. Kittens are cute and fuzzy.
  7. Critical question for comparison with CDs by Myco · · Score: 2, Interesting
    One thing I didn't see answered in the article: these chips are write-once, we know that. But does that mean you must write the entire chip in one session, or could it be done incrementally?

    Put another way, does write-once in this case mean it's like a CD (commit entire data payload in one chunk and seal it forever), or like a blank book (fill in pages as you go).

    If it can be done incrementally, that represents a significant advantage over CDs, other factors being (for the sake of argument) equal.

  8. Re:I don't buy it... by QuickFox · · Score: 2, Funny

    I guess about all you could use it for is to cheaply up the amount of phrases a Furbie doll can spew out.

    Oh my God, now you've done it! Thanks to you Furbies will have a practically limitless repertoire! We'll never get a moment of quiet!

    Give a man a fish and he eats for one day. Teach him how to fish, and though he'll eat for a lifetime, he'll call you a miser for not giving him your fish.

    --
    Terrorists can't threaten a country's freedom and democracy. Only lawmakers and voters can do that.
  9. Misleading... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative
    The big news is not what's in the title. They've had large write-once memories before; they're called PROMs(Programmable read-only memories). The news is that they supposedly have a new 3-D fabrication technique.


    Using a 3-D fabrication method that deposits layers of circuits with a modified CMOS process, the technique can yield nine to 10 times the amount of chips per a given wafer, providing a cost advantage over traditional flash memory, according to Matrix (Santa Clara, Calif.).


    Perhaps in the future your processor will be the size and shape of a die or cube of cheese.
    1. Re:Misleading... by TheTomcat · · Score: 2

      wouldn't the core become harder to cool in a configuration like this?

      Isn't [exposed] surface area somehow proportional to heat dissipation?

  10. Someone explain why this is a good thing? by skoda · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Why should we care about this?

    - Write Once Memory: CD-ROM is 10x larger, and is very cheap. DVD-ROM will eventually be about 100x larger.

    - Solid-state storage for Digital Cameras: Write-Many memory chips are readily available. They are expensive, but reusable. Will this write-once chip be cheap enough to make it worth while? Or are these chips much smaller, making this interesting to travelers?

    - Computer Memory: Obviously not useful there (I don't see a market ofr single-use computers :)

    Is there other info about this memory, showing why this is of any use?

    1. Re:Someone explain why this is a good thing? by bn557 · · Score: 2, Funny

      You ever scratch a CD? You ever scratch a DVD?

      Both types of media are great for what they do, but imagine it being a little cartridge(think nintendo here) that you pop in the front and it works great. Yeah, I'm sure that 10 years after it's use you'll have to do your special voodoo to make it work, but that's the way my DVD player is getting.

      On a side note, this looks VERY promising for console gaming. The speed of a cartride with the capacity of a CD.

      Pat

      --
      Humans are slow, innaccurate, and brilliant; computers are fast, acurrate, and dumb; together they are unbeatable
    2. Re:Someone explain why this is a good thing? by skoda · · Score: 2

      But again, I wonder why I want this?

      Cartridges have their own problems (size, weight, breakable connectors). Plus, Nintendo was the lone cartridge holdout with the N64. But now even they have gone to an optical disc medium. Why? Because capacity is vastly larger than cartridges and cost is much less.

      How does this WO memory change that balance? Is the storage there? Is the cost low enough?

  11. New Intel Marketing? by Havokmon · · Score: 4, Funny
    Perhaps in the future your processor will be the size and shape of a die or cube of cheese.

    Behold, the power of Cheesium 886.

    --
    "I can't give you a brain, so I'll give you a diploma" - The Great Oz (blatently stolen sig)
  12. Sigh ... by Wordsmith · · Score: 3, Funny

    "See, I knew it: Little is better."

    Which girls have you been arguing this with, anyway?

  13. Re:write once? umm... no thanks. by Sunken+Kursk · · Score: 4, Interesting

    what's the point if I can only write once?

    Tell him what some uses are, Johnny!

    • Low-cost, high-capacity memory for embedded devices
    • Smaller, scratch resistant replacement for CDs (Especially good for singles)
    • "Rolls of film" for a digital camera without spending $30 on a new flash card. This makes it possible for people with no/slow computers to use digital cameras easily and maintain a digital copy of their images.
    • Here's the one nobody's thought of, evidence collection. Because the device is WOPM (Write once, play many), police departments will be able to use it in their digital cameras, camcorders, etc. This makes it much more difficult for someone to say "The photos/tape was doctored" when you can show them the images direct from a WOPM source.

    unless they really make the modules so cheap they're practically giving them away

    I believe that's what they're envisioning. From the article..."The company envisions its chips being cheap enough to be sold in multipacks at grocery checkout counters". Wow, an 8 pack of 64 meg memory modules for the same price as a pack of batteries? Even one for the same price as a pack of batteries would be worth the cost.

    I formally declare this a good thing. But don't take my word for it, read the article yourself.

    --

    When I became a man, I put childish ways behind me.

  14. AOL by mrroot · · Score: 2, Funny

    Imagine how much money AOL could save in shipping if they could mail you a tiny chip instead of a CD!

    --
    I Heart Sorting Networks
  15. More info at their website by Myco · · Score: 5, Informative
    The article is a bit lacking on consumer-relevant details, but the marketese on their site gives you a better idea of that stuff.

    Notables:

    • Price: "Matrix 3DM cards will be comparable in cost to 35mm film and work in a similar fashion"
    • Longevity: "Matrix 3-D Memory's array structure results in an archival storage device capable of storing data for more than 100 years."
    • Scaling up: "By leveraging the same infrastructure as the rest of the industry, Matrix 3-D Memory will scale at least as fast as other semiconductor technologies, maintaining its significant cost advantage with future process generations."
    • Compatibility: "Interchangeable with re-writeable flash cards"
    • Capacity: "Comparable cost per megabyte to optical and magnetic storage"
    1. Re:More info at their website by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      Scientific American has an article with an explanation of how Matrix did the 3D chips and what the future possibilities are

      http://www.sciam.com/2002/0102issue/0102lee.html

  16. Re:I don't buy it... by Lumpy · · Score: 2

    I do. give me these devices that are 640MEG
    replace CD's with random access roms? they're 1" by 1" by 1/16" so I can carry 10 albums in my pocket, or 300 albums in my armrest in my car.
    and this is using standard CD technology ideas. plug in, no spinup time, no track seek time no skips no worry about not playing when I'm flying through the air after rearending the car stopped on the highway for the squirrel. No skips at all.

    I'd buy it, hell yeah.

    --
    Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
  17. The gap into storage... by bourne · · Score: 2

    Sounds like Stephen R. Donaldson had something going when he described datacores in the Gap series.

    If you can jack one of these things up into giga, tera, or larger ranges, then you can start using it to provide write-once history logging. Big brother, black boxes, personal recorders...

  18. Cutting record company costs of course. by Colin+Smith · · Score: 2

    It's obvious that the purpose is to provide cheap readonly[1] media to record[2] companies. They'll write their encrypted MP3 equivalent[3] to these things rather than CDs and they can then drop their expensive CD pressing operations.

    It'll be the next big music format.

    [1] After all, why should they pay for read/write media?
    [2] And video companies once the chips are big enough.[3] WMA?

    --
    Deleted
  19. See, I knew it: Little is better. by Monkeyman334 · · Score: 2

    I just want to make sure everyone got the joke

  20. Different from SRAM + Battery? by nyquist_theorem · · Score: 2

    A lot of the "consumer" applications that are being kicked around would probably be served just as well, for a LOT less $$, by SRAM and a watch-battery to back it up. Now I'm no engineer but if one really wanted a gig or more of cheap storage, why not take a gig of SRAM and back it up with a battery? Granted, battery backup is not forever (5 yr max?), but given the price of ram, I would think you could even make the thing completely redundant internally (two batteries and banks of SRAM that compare against each other RAID style)... I would expect the pressure on battery technology and SRAM pricing to move this idea in the direction of workable long before mega-storage write-once PROMs take off. I can't imagine these things being a replacement for CDRs or Floppys or much other than, err, low-storage PROMs.

    Even those silly USB Keychains could use such a technique. 2x512MB DIMMs plus a lion or nimh battery to back it up (recharge off the USB bus) would be ~$100. Of course, I may be totally out to lunch here...

    --
    -- "Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge." (Charles Darwin)
  21. Re:write once? umm... no thanks. by EnglishTim · · Score: 2

    I always felt that the big advantage with digital cameras was the fact that you didn't need to get the pictures developed. You have them instantly. You've got to store the pictures somewhere. I wouldn't be too bothered by storing 50 images on a $5 chip. At least that way I don't have to worry about my hard drive crashing and losing all my data, or something like that.

  22. Nice for memory, but not processors. by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 2

    A few people have been speculating about 3D processors based on this or similar technology. While this is a neat way of building memory, don't get your hopes up for 3D processors any time soon.

    What they've done, according to the article, is deposit several layers of thin-film transistors on top of a more or less standard chip.

    These transistors will be *slow*. That's fine for something you're using to replace flash, but not fine for a processor. The hard problem of building high-quality transistors in a multi-level structure has not been solved.

    The other problem is heat. With a hierarchically-designed memory array, you can make a larger array without power per access going up very much (at the cost of a very small amount of extra delay). This means that packing ten times as much memory into the same chip area won't cause much of a heating problem.

    The core of a microprocessor, on the other hand, is pretty much all active at once (or mostly active). You have calculation results flying to reservation stations everywhere, you have a lot of fully-associative arrays being indexed, and you have a lot of logic churning away. Packing this into a tenth the area would make the used area much, much hotter (remember Newton's law of heating and cooling - you need the same heat flow from a tenth the area, so ten times the heat difference between chip and environment).

    The good news is that you might be able to put the L2 cache in higher layers with technology similar to this and save space that way, but this is a one-time saving, with a performance penalty (until the holy grail of stacked transistor technology is found).

    Still an interesting accomplishment, of course.

  23. 64MB big? You can already buy 128MB and 256MB unit by morcheeba · · Score: 2

    Samsung has unveiled a gigabit flash (128MB) that, unlike this matrix part, is erasable. If that's not enough, you can buy a
    2 gigabit flash stack (256 MB) from irvine sensors.

    True, these are packaging techniques for more density, and aren't as cool as putting more memory on one die, but don't overlook them: they offer about the same densities. Hopefully, we can eventually combine both techniques, for even greater densities.

  24. Aah, a consumable! by Animats · · Score: 2

    Retailers will love this. Now they can make you keep coming back for more. Watch for this to be popular with camera makers, even if a reusable medium is more cost-effective for the end user.