Electronic Life

It is difficult today to remember how intimidating computers were for non-technical people in the early 1980s. In previous decades, the machines had been corralled into computer departments at universities and large businesses, and were the responsibility of trained personnel. However, in the early 1980s, people who might have been perfectly happy never getting closer to a computer than a Star Trek re-run were told that personal computers would be soon be on their desks at work. This created demand for books that introduced computers, defined basic jargon, and reassured American readers that they could master the machine when it inevitably arrived. The panic probably reached a peak in 1983, as did the response. In 1983, Time Magazine called the personal computer Man of the Year ("Machine of the Year" under the circumstances). In 1983, The Soul of a New Machine won the Pulitzer Prize. In 1983, Michael Crichton published Electronic Life: How to Think About Computers. Electronic Life: How to Think About Computers author Michael Crichton pages 209 publisher Ballantine Books rating 4 reviewer stern ISBN 0394534069 summary May be worth thumbing through for a glance of what the future was supposed to have been.

Crichton was already successful as a novelist, having published The Andromeda Strain, The Great Train Robbery, Congo, and other books. Several of these had already been made made into movies. Of course he would become vastly more famous later, with Jurassic Park and the television show E.R.

Electronic Life is written as a glossary, with entries like "Afraid of Computers (everybody is)" "Buying a Computer" "Computer Crime," and so forth. The book shows signs of being hurridly written, as few of the entries reflect any research. The computer crime entry, for example, is three pages long and contains only four hard facts -- specifically, that institutions were then losing $5 billion to $30 billion a year on computer crime, that Citibank processed $30 billion a day in customer transactions using computers, that American banks as a whole were moving $400 billion a year in the U.S., and that the Stanford public key code (not otherwise described) was broken in 1982. No examples of computer crime are given, though by 1983 such accounts were appearing in the mainstream press, and dedicated books on the topic had been around for at least a decade (I own one British example dating to 1973). Detailed descriptions of such capers make for good reading, so Crichton's failure to include any tells us that he did not take the time to visit the library when he wrote this book.

Electronic Life is of interest to modern readers in only two respects: first, Crichton's descriptions of then-current technology provide an amusing reminder of how far we have come. Second, and more significantly, Crichton's predictions for the future are worth comparing with what has actually developed.

As an example of the first sort of passage, on page 140 he points out that if you ask your computer to compute 5.01*5.02-5.03/2.04*100.5+3.06+20.07-200.08+300.09/1.10, there will be a noticable delay as it works out the answer. Later he suggests that a user would do well to buy a CP/M based system, because of all the excellent applications for that platform.

Crichton writes science fiction, and he knew very well that computers would soon do more than was possible in 1983. Such predictions are largely absent from this book, but a few entries do let us see what he expected for the future (other resurrecting dinosaurs, I mean). First, Crichton correctly expected that computer networks would increase in importance. He saw this as a matter of convenience -- computers can share pictures, which you can't do with a verbal phone call, and computer networks can operate asynchronously, so you can leave information for somebody and have have them pick it up at their convenience.

He also makes predictions for computer games, first explaining that there are several types of games:

1. Arcade Games (which are in turn split into 'invader games', 'defender games', and 'eating games'.)
2. Strategy Games (chess, backgammon, etc.)
3. Adventure Games (text-based interactive fiction)

Crichton dismisses computer games as "the hula hoops of the '80s", saying "already there are indications that the mania for twitch games may be fading." He thinks that parents should not worry about their children playing games because, "it's a way of making friends with the machine." (that's not how I think about Tomb Raider 3, but to each his own). He was wrong here, of course, and missed entirely how games would eventually drive the high end of the home computer market.

Most interestingly in his predictions, Crichton clearly expected that computers would soon be as normal as home appliances like washing machines. He never anticipated that, through vastly increased numbers and reduced cost, they would become omnipresent and perhaps invisible.

The book is little more than a collection of off-the-cuff musings, and as such the most interesting entry is probably "Microprocessors, or how I flunked biostatistics at Harvard" in which Crichton lashes out at a medical school teacher who had given him a 'D' fifteen years earlier.

This book is a curiosity, not worth buying at a garage sale unless you are a Crichton completist.

Slashdot welcomes readers' book reviews -- to see your own review here, read the book review guidelines, then visit the submission page.

Comments

In regards to the games references...

[craenor]

When will people realize that as a society and a species, we are driven by our need to entertain ourselves?

News, TV, Movies, Sports, Games...most all consumer products in some way pander to our need to make ourselves happy and distract us from the day to day.

Face it folks...immersive games are here to stay. They are the electronic crack of the 21st century.

Intimidating Computers

[The Grassy Knoll]

>It is difficult today to remember how intimidating computers were for non-technical people in the early 1980s

Hello? Computers are still pretty intimidating for non-technical people in the early 2000s!

That's why Code Red/[insert name of favourite virus here], etc. proliferated so widely. Most people don't understand computers even to the level where they know how (or why) to install security patches.

Re:Intimidating Computers

[{tele}machus_*1]

Security patches? I think you're shooting a little high. I doubt the technologically unitiated even understand what a security patch is. Most of those email viruses were easily avoided by simply using an email program besides Outlook Express. Unfortunately, most people don't understand computers even to the level of being able to install and run programs besides the ones that came on their machines.

Re:On the death of video games...

[b1t r0t]

Intel had nothing to do with Intellivision. Mattel made it, based on a chipset made by (I think) GI. And Coleco wasn't going broke because of Colecovision, it was going broke because of Adam. It took Nintendo (the only company "stupid" enough to believe there was still a market for video games and sell one) to bring the market back to life.

As for Atari (Computer, not Games), if they hadn't shelved the 7800 for two years (it was manufactured and ready to ship, but they warehoused it at the last minute), or even if they hadn't refused the option on the NES, they might still be around today, and not just a name that changed owners twice so far.

games won't last...

[circletimessquare]

games won't last... heh.

crichton's take on video games reminds me of what some futurists said around the birth of the television.

they said that the television was going to be a great instrument of education, and bring thousands into enlightenment.

yeah, right. -insert ironic tv laugh track here-

i guess crichton fell into the same trap as many futurists: technology as savior. a lot of us see new technology and envision how it will improve us all.

meanwhile, some guy somewhere is writing the first donkey kong game. somewhere there must be a graph comparing how many cpu cycles of all of the processors ever made have been spent playing games versus other computer-related exploits. it would be an interesting comparison. as a victim of civilization iii, i can attest to the fact that a lot of the good electronic life is spent taking a lot of digital crack. ;-P

Crichton on copyright reform

[mttlg]

Perhaps the most interesting part of this book is where Crichton discusses copyright. He takes the opinion that copyright will need serious reform as the amount of electronic content increases because of the simple fact that people want to copy (he cited the success of VHS over laserdisc to support this position). This jumped out at me because I read the book back when Napster was at its peak. Unfortunately, Crichton seems to have underestimated the power of the entertainment industry - the DMCA is almost the exact opposite of what he envisioned as the future of digital content. Maybe Crichton's next novel will be about a group of people who narrowly escape death while attempting to view copyrighted material they legally purchased...

Science fiction????

[garyrich]

"Crichton writes science fiction"

He does? I've never seen any. He writes technological thrillers. From Andromeda Strain (a good one) to ER (a mediocre one).