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The Rise and Fall of Napster

Jedi Paramedic writes "Boston.com has an interesting story about the rise and fall of everyone's favorite file-swapping service. Also the subject of a new book by Joseph Menn, the story goes into great detail about the unfortunate-but-heroic Shawn Fanning and his reluctance to admit that his uncle, who in the end masterminded little more than the lining of his own pockets, had taken advantage of him. From getting screwed in the original 70/30 split with his uncle to his uncle's refusal to loosen his iron grip on the company even at the expense of its very being, the article (and the book) go a long way in chronicling the rise and fall of Napster, and crediting Shawn for not airing the family's dirty laundry. An interesting and well-written read."

22 of 221 comments (clear)

  1. Good technolgy, bad media by Blaine+Hilton · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Its too bad Napster had to do music sharing. The technology between P2P networks pionered by Napster was something though. This type of network along with open souce and GPL software, along with MD5 checksums could be a great combination.

    1. Re:Good technolgy, bad media by 0x0d0a · · Score: 4, Informative

      Repeat after me: fuck MD5.

      MD5 is flawed


      Given known current flaws in MD5, it is possible to produce bogus data that matches a given MD5, though no constraints can be placed upon the content. A trojan, for instance, cannot be placed in a MD5'd file, but the file can contain random data.

      However, one of the fairly obvious ways to use MD5 is with a "tree" of checksums -- one for the whole file, one for each half, one for each quarter, etc, etc, etc. In this case, it is not possible to produce data that will pass validation.

      eDonkey uses MD4 hashes -- which is significantly easier to attack than MD5 -- yet I haven't seen problems with forged chunks on eDonkey.

      And while SHA-1 is nice -- and it might be just easier if everyone used it -- it is significantly slower. When I tested the md5sum and shasum implementations on my Linux box, I found that shasum ran at about a sixth the speed of md5sum.

    2. Re:Good technolgy, bad media by sean23007 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The phenomenon of Napster was that it captivated the non technical crowd by giving them a way to find something they already wanted in a new format that was just as good as (or better than) the formats to which they had been accustomed. Napster was so popular because people wanted music. You can't make the vast populace want open source software just by creating a distribution system. Napster was the creation of a distribution system for a latent demand.

      --

      Lack of eloquence does not denote lack of intelligence, though they often coincide.
  2. Of course he credits Shawn... by telstar · · Score: 5, Funny
    "crediting Shawn for not airing the family's dirty laundry"
    • yeah .. 'cause if he had, there'd be no reason for anyone to buy Joseph's book.
  3. I'll skip the article, thanks, in favor of by RLiegh · · Score: 3, Funny

    ...watching the musical!
    Seriously, doesn't this seem a little like 'great expectations' or something (only problem being I'm not sure if GE got made into an musical or if I'm getting it confused with something else. :-/)

  4. sure... by gimpimp · · Score: 3, Insightful

    napster's rise was stunning, as was it's fall - but it's left behined something that the riaa/mpaa CAN'T take away, and that is the concept of p2p sharing of media on the internet. pre-napster internet use and post-napster internet use are two completely different things for numerous age-groups now...

    cheers,

    --
    i wish i was but oh well
    1. Re:sure... by yellowstone · · Score: 3, Interesting
      [file sharing] was there before napster, especially on IRC, napster just brought it to the masses with a pretty interface.
      Don't minimize the importance of mass popularity. Having the ability to do something (like share files across the internet) is one thing. Having it become popular across a large population, to the point it changes the way people think about intellectual property is quite different, and far more powerful.
      --
      150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for slashdot.sig (129323052 bytes).
  5. Excuse my ignorance... by dotgod · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Can anyone explane how Napster made money? AFAIR there were no ads on the site or in the client (save the cdnow link that was in later versions of napster). It obviously made some kind of money, however, because I remember hearing about how Shawn Fanning made a lot of money.

    1. Re:Excuse my ignorance... by croddy · · Score: 3, Insightful

      in the first 3 client releases there was a banner ad space, but it never displayed anything except a link to napster.com. I guess we should have known the business model was fkd up when the new clients had no banner space.

    2. Re:Excuse my ignorance... by lseltzer · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Your first impression was correct. It made no money at all, and any money Shawn made was out of dumb-ass investors' pockets. If you ask me, it had no serious potential for making money.

    3. Re:Excuse my ignorance... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

      You are excused.

      What if the music industry had purchased napster and released their full catalogs for free but ripped at a low bit rate say 96kb and then offer a pay version for the same data but ripped at a 320kb rate. No one could have competed because they would of had the depth of inventory. Lost opportunities. They went the other way and crushed Napster and they totally lost it by not having something to pick up the slack. Where did they think that the Napster users were going to turn when an option (Kazaa, Bearshare, et al) arrived. Lost opportunities.

  6. When you get the book... by lseltzer · · Score: 5, Funny

    ...please scan it in, OCR it and "share" the contents with others on the net, because I don't think people should have to pay for it.

  7. Napster as the internet martyr by l0ungeb0y · · Score: 5, Funny

    Seems though the RIAA succeeded in crushing it in doing so it has created a cultural icon that shall be remembered for years, even decades to come.

    Now, if we could just form a religion based upon the cat-like diety, perhaps we could defeat the DMCA as a form of freedom of Religion :)

  8. Re:Shawn Fanning was heroic? by syrinx · · Score: 4, Insightful

    but the only difference between Napster and shoplifting a CD is physical evidence.

    yawn. mod parent -1, troll. No one can honestly say that they think that.

    Here's a hint, if I shoplift a CD, the store doesn't have it anymore, if I use Napster, no one is deprived of anything. They're so completely different, not only are they in different ballparks, they're playing a different game.

    --
    Quidquid latine dictum sit, altum sonatur.
  9. Who is everyone? by kidlinux · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I thought Napster was bloody awful.

    Audiogalaxy was far superior in every way. It's a damn shame they got shut down. I think AG's model and design is the best starting point for the music industry to get into a paid-for music downloading service.

    Unlike Napster, it just worked. I didn't have to sit around to make sure the download started and that I didn't get cut off, and I didn't have to find other sources. I just queued up as many tracks as I wanted, and AG made sure I got them.

    --
    -kidlinux.
    1. Re:Who is everyone? by black+mariah · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Amen. I would be WAY more than willing to shell out $20 a month to have AG running the way it used to. The fact that it was "set and forget" was the best thing going for it. I never liked Napster either, but AG did it right. Too bad the record companies are too stupid to see a VIABLE SOURCE OF INCOME when they see one. Dipshits.

      --
      'Standards' in computing only impress those who are impressed by things like 'standards'.
    2. Re:Who is everyone? by NanoGator · · Score: 4, Interesting

      "men. I would be WAY more than willing to shell out $20 a month to have AG running the way it used to. The fact that it was "set and forget" was the best thing going for it. I never liked Napster either, but AG did it right. Too bad the record companies are too stupid to see a VIABLE SOURCE OF INCOME when they see one. Dipshits. "

      For $10 a month you could use Listen.com. As long as ya pay that, you have access to any song of their library. plus playlists etc. It's like a server-side MP3 locker, only they're all there. Click a song and you're listening to it within moments instead of having to wait for it to download. (then it caches so it's not like you go through that every time...)

      Not a bad deal. It's not quite perfect in that you don't get to keep the compressed version and it's Windows only. Oh well, it's not for everybody. Still, $10 is less than one CD per month.

      I'm thinking about writing up a review of it for Slashdot, but I'm concerned about whether there'd be any interest in it.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
  10. Re:Shawn Fanning was heroic? by prisoner-of-enigma · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Here's a hint, if I shoplift a CD, the store doesn't have it anymore, if I use Napster, no one is deprived of anything.

    And that's where you're wrong. You are enjoying the fruits of someone else's labors, namely that of the artist, the producer, the sound mixer, the recording booth operator, the marketing company, and all the secretaries, managers, and janitors that work for the above companies. They all work for a living, and they get paid when people buy the music that you just stole.

    That's right, you stole it. You now have something you didn't have before, and you didn't pay for it. Copyright law says you have to pay for it. Intellectual property law says you have to pay for it. Common decency says you ought to pay for it. And if the long arm of the law catches you, you can be damn sure they're going to make you pay for it.

    Look, you can hate the RIAA/MPAA all you want. I have no love for them at all. I think CD's are ridiculously overpriced, that the companies are gouging us while providing us with horrid content. I think the MPAA's control over the DVD format vis-a-vis region coding, CSS, and Macrovision is one of the most belligerent things a provider can do to a customer. However, none of that gives me the right to steal from them, and it sure as hell doesn't give you any moral credibility to be justifying your theft.

    If you had any morals or principles at all, other than your own self satisfaction at someone else's expense, you'd be content to simply boycott the labels you don't agree with and trade music from bands that allow you to legally do so. Instead, you're just content to be a thief, attempting to moralize your actions because it allows you to steal and feel smug about it.

    Face it, information is not free, nor will it ever be free unless the owner of that information chooses to make it so. Information is worth whatever the owner wishes to charge for it, and the rarer it is, the more they can charge. If you don't like it, I'm sure there's some nice socialist country somewhere that'd take you in. North Korea, for example.

    --
    In the end they will lay their freedom at our feet and say to us, Make us your slaves, but feed us. - Fyodor Dostoyevsky
  11. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  12. Re:Shawn Fanning was heroic? by Galvatron · · Score: 3, Insightful
    So if I hire you and allow you to work for me for two weeks, but then deny you a paycheck, I haven't stolen anything from you, have I?

    Sorry, but that's a poor example. What if no one liked your music? You'd still be broke, even without piracy. Hence, there is no implied contract here. A more realistic example would be if you put on a fireworks display, and charged people to sit on a grassy field and watch. Then, no one came because they all realized that the fireworks would be just as visible from another park that they could sit in for free.

    The point that you're trying to make is that it's immoral to enjoy the fruits of someone's labor without compensating them for it. That's true. However, as Ronald Coase posits in his economic theory of externalities, a victim is rarely a simple innocent bystander. Most victims have put themselves in a situation where they will be victimized (Coase's classic example is that of the person who buys a house by an airport; he is a victim of noise pollution, but this is an issue he should have known about when he bought the house). In this case, the musicians are allowing themselves to be victimized by relying on an oudated economic model: profiting from the sale of pre-recorded music. The solution to this problem is not for people to hysterically shout "Stop pirating music!" The solution is to find a new model for the music industry to follow. Most likely, this will mean depending on live performances and merchandising, rather than recordings, for income. It will also likely mean that musicians of the future will have to accept lower incomes, the field will no longer be dominated by a few superstars, but by a larger number of middle class performers and an even larger number of hobbyists.

    --
    "The question of whether a computer can think is no more interesting than that of whether a submarine can swim" -EWD
  13. Re:Shawn Fanning was heroic? by moncyb · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Theft, fraud (hiring someone then not paying), and copyright infringment are three different things. They require different methods of enforcement, and different levels of punishment. If I copy some of my CDs onto my hard drive so I can play them in any order I want, the RIAA may say this is "theft", but I didn't steal anything. If I play CDs on an anti-skip player and I don't pay the RIAA for "RAM buffer copies", I didn't steal anything.

    Ah! So, just because someone has a lot of something, that gives you the right to take some of it, because they "won't notice it"?

    Here is an example of why this line of thinking for copyrights is absurd:

    Lets say some bloke writes a song with the phrase "my dog fell down and he can't get up." Let's call him Dogman. The song becomes a #1 hit. In certain situations, people start using the phrase. After a while, Dogman decides using this phrase is "theft", and everyone who does so should pay him $1 each time. Would you pay Dogman just for the "right" to utter a stupid phrase? What if your dog really did fall down and couldn't get up? Should you have to pay so you could tell people?

    Yeah, my examples are more marginal than sending copies to 10,000 of your closest "friends". The point is the RIAA uses the term "theft" as newspeak to increase the range of copyright laws. Mass redistribution of music is "theft". Then any CD to tape (or CD) copying is "theft". Then storing your CD on a hard drive for convenience is "theft". Then any sort of "RAM buffer copy" is "theft". Then, any use of any words in any song is "theft".

    I think the "information wants to be free" whackos are...well...whackos. If "information" is talking to you, or you think "information" has desires like a sentient being, then you really need to see a doctor. But it doesn't mean everything they say is wrong.

  14. Re:My Audiogalaxy story. by Afrosheen · · Score: 3, Funny

    That rules. Your p2p client is better than your OS.