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Penny Arcade vs. American Greetings
ferrocene writes "Penny Arcade's American Mcgee/Strawberry Shortcake spoof posted last Monday was pulled because someone at American Greetings got wind of it and set their lawyers on them. PA's forums are abuzz with activity. I'm pro-funny, myself."
Yes, I have a copy of it.
= 25644&papass=&sort=1&thecat=532
I found a copy with Google too: http://www.spymac.com/gallery/showphoto.php?photo
Click the image to enlarge it.
Jeez... it took all of a minute searching through the forum (linked in the story) to find it. And it turned out to be an AOhelLer who managed to post it correctly, rather than an IMG SRC= tag back to the original.
The guts of the case: a guy made a "political statement" and did a "Mutant of Omaha" design, offering "Nuclear Holocaust Insurance" (it was the Cold War, kiddies, and Reagan was in the White House).
In addition, the creator parodied the MoO Indian head trademark and was selling these designs on T-shirts, caps and coffee mugs. The District Court for the District of Nebraska found in favour of MoO, and the Eighth Circuit affirmed.
If there is nothing for sale, First Amendment arguments have a much stronger considerations. Even pure political messages don't carry enough weight. But parody is not a guarantee of protection, despite a long tradition of it in American society.
woof.
The boys have started a petition stating that the signers will boycott American Greetings until the comic is allowed to be shown.
Let's show 'em what happens when slashdot readers get wind of something like this.
Quoth Gabe here:
We did, the Aqua "Barbie Girl" case recently confirmed fair use. The American Greetings Company knew they were wrong in sending this out, but they didn't care. They figured that with a little intimidation, they would have a good chance of convincing the PA people to yank the pic. If it didn't work, then what have they lost?
This is why it's important to make these companies realize that sending out C&D letters to people when you have no legal justification will result in bad publicity. Furthermore, they need to be shown that this bad publicity will do more harm to them than the original work.
"The question of whether a computer can think is no more interesting than that of whether a submarine can swim" -EWD
It is technically a parody, but it is not protected under fair use. (Whether you use the same names as the original, or twist them into funny-but-recognizable versions like "Frodo->Frito" and "Biblo->Dildo" doesn't matter)
To get the fair-use exemption to copyright law, your work must not just be a parody- it must be a parody of the material you are infringing.
In this case, Penny Arcade used some kind of "Strawberry Shortcake" copyrighted material to create a parody of American McGee's videogame development preferences (as seen here).
Since the parody doesn't make any critical commentary about "Strawberry Shortcake", it has no legal justification to use those names or images.
The famous recent case on this subject was linked to (pdf) by Penny-Arcade. In that case, a parody called "The Cat NOT in the Cat" was banned for using images from a book by Theodor Geisel to make a comment on the conduct of the Orenthal Simpsom murder trial. Because the materials he was borrowing were neither positively nor negatively commented on by his work, he was not allowed to publish the parody.
Fair use allows parody as long as the use does not cause confusion in the market place
You are combining unrelated aspects of Intellectual Property law. "Fair use" as a concept applies to copyright, and "confusion in the marketplace" is a concern only for trademarks.
For a particular parody to be legal to publish, it must separately pass both trademark and copyright tests.
Surviving the trademark test is easy if you don't use terms that have been registered as trademarks. Changing the name enough to be unconfusing, like "WacDanalds", will work, and there are other ways too.
To get by the copyright test, you either must not be using any copyrighted material (unlikely when paroding corporate works, but if you're targeting an individual or a governmental organization, they may not own copyrights), or you must meet the "fair use" exception. Fair use permits you to make limited violations of a copyright for the purpose of studying or critizing the material under copyright.
Since it appears that the Penny-Arcade parody critizes not "Strawberry Shortcake", but American McGee, they cannot use copyrighted "Strawberry Shortcake" images to make their point.
(I wrote a little more above)
It's funny - glad i was able to grab a copy of it to amuse myself.
But enough is enough! Please don't post regarding "parody" and "fair use" if you don't know the actual legal definition.
The bottom line is that this cartoon is NOT a parody by the legal definition ("Strawberry Shortcake" IS a trademarked name) and American Greetings had every right to request that the image be pulled down.
Imagine for a moment that American Greetings had lost a court case regarding the name "Strawberry Shortcake" because it had not demonstrated that it vigorously defended its rights to that name, and that the topic was being discussed on slashdot. The first post in that forum would be "American Greetings should have protected its rights pursuant to the trademarked name. It's their own fault for not being diligent." (do some slashdot research; it shouldn't be too hard to find examples that illustrate this point)
Let's try a bit of consistency for once, instead of jumping on the anti-corporation bandwagon.
As usual, the lawyers are not at responsible here. They are the lap dogs of the corporation. Let's talk to the people who are going to be most affected and who are most responsible.
For example:
Spira, James C.
Director and COO at American Greetings
As of 2003-01-06 Reported to own 210,000 shares of American Greetings. As of this post, his holdings are probably worth approx 2.95 million USD.
List of Officers at American Greetings
But it should be noted that currently American Greetings is in the process of changing their executives, so it's unclear who would actually be responsible for these kinds of positions/acts.
Insider Trade Filings for American Greetings (Give you an idea of who's interested in making money off the stock)
Z.
Take a look at this legal exchange between the guys who came up with Ulysses for Dummies and IDG Books, the publishers of the "...for Dummies" series. It can be found at http://www.bway.net/~hunger/litigation.html -- the Penny Arcade folks could take some pointers on how to tell American Greetings to take a flying leap.
...phil
"For a list of the ways which technology has failed to improve our quality of life, press 3."