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Environmental Costs of Computer Use?
arhines asks: "I'm working on a little research project to figure out what the environmental cost of heavy technological reliance is, and want any suggestions Slashdot has for factors to consider. My school has started requiring students to own and use laptops in all of their classes, under the pretext of saving paper. Having read about the problems with computer recycling on Slashdot, I've become suspicious of the true effect of having several hundred computers thrown out each year. What statistics should I focus on, and are there any definitive studies on the topic you could point me to?"
http://www.goldsmithgroup.com/servfacts.htm
f ew ork/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc00/icsc0052.htm
Florida Environmental Report states about Computers and Monitors:
"Out of 175 million computers comes a laundry list of toxins including 650 million pounds of lead, 987,000 pounds of cadmium and 231,000 pounds of mercury.
Each CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube) contains four to six pounds of lead. (New York Times, November 23, 2000)
According to University of Florida tests, color monitors contain enough lead to contaminate ground water if deposited in landfills. "Those monitors would fail the legal standards of leaching lead," said Susan Mooney of the EPA, Region 5 (Chicago).
These computers also contain 2 billion pounds of plastic. "
so thats like 1/4 pound of lead per PC on top of the 4 to 6 per monitor. so thats a lot of lead.
http://members.aol.com/Ramola15/funfacts.html
"Americans use 85,000,000 tons of paper a year; about 680 pounds per person."
so lets say you throw your computer out every three years. thats about 18 pounds of lead versus 2000 pounds of paper over three years. imagine throwing your honda civic, made of paper, into the ground. then cover it with something like 1/5 a gallon of molten lead (crappy math, hey i think its within an order of magnitude).
which do you feel worse about? the honda civic sized paper ball or the fifth of lead?
public service announcement: i have a 10th grade math education
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/sa
slashdot: where everyone yells sarcastic metaphors to themselves to understand the issue
Well, this is beyond the means for your school, but I think there is a business opportunity for someone here in the offing.
The National Security Agency (NSA) instituted a program some years ago by which they decided to get some money and reuseability out of the obsolete pieces of equipment they were required to destroy (due to classification issues) rather than give to DRMO to be resold to the public.
The NSA has to destroy a lot of circuit boards and electronic devices like hard drives and they have to do so thoroughly. Many of these devices as we all know contain valuable precious and industrial metals like gold, platinum, and so forth. So, they built an industrial plant that could extract as much useful material as possible from the destroyed equipment, and they would resell that to the public for a profit. They also do this with the pulp that comes from the destruction of paper documents and such. What can't be reused is disposed of in accordance with environmental regulations.
This program has turned out to be so successful that the NSA actually turns a significant profit (to the tune of several million dollars a year) and sends this profit back into the Federal Treasury.
I am sure that this could become a viable business in the civilian world for some smart entrepreneurs out there.
I know this because Tyler knows this.
I would sure hope that any male wearing diapers would not be worrying about infertility. Surely it's not permanent (heat kills sperm, but unless it's heat on the level of actually damaging the testicles it shouldn't damage the ability to create more sperm).
If I remember correctly, electronics use (including computers) has low environmental impact compared to things like driving an SUV or living in a big house. This is from the book:
o nI D=308
6 09 80281X/104-4760810-4413531?vi=glance
"The Consumer's Guide to Effective Environmental Choices: Practical Advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists"
You can get it here:
http://www.ucsusa.org/publication.cfm?publicati
and read some reviews here:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0
The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition storehouses a lot of this information, though you have to wade through a lot of fluff. You might start here.
I teach computer science/computer technology at a small college, and this has been my experience with the power point as well. I had to threaten that if I saw anything but the "six slides to a page" I would stop making the powerpoint available at all.
As for homework, I started requiring all homework be submitted electronically years ago. First on 3.5" diskettes, then on CD-R and now most is Email. For example, this past semester I taught a course in advanced C++. All assigments were emailed to me, I would compile the source code, test it, and then email it back with comments and the grade. Saves all sorts of paper and has a quicker turn around time for the students as well. In addition, I can make assignments due at a time when neither I nor the students would normally be at the school, such as midnight on a Sunday night.
Also, farmer/poet/essayist Wendell Berry wrote a short, widely ridiculed essay years back entitled "Why I am not Going to Buy a Computer". It contains interesting criteria for accepting new technological innovations. Google reveals an online version of the essay here. Its short and worth reading. You should really buy the whole excellent book: What Are People For?
Hmmm... how much do you wanna bet these PC's being suggested "under the pretext of saving paper" aren't Linux boxen?
You might want to consider RSI problems. School furniture is usually not suited for working with laptops. In the Netherlands, regulations forbid employees from using a laptop more than two hours a day (that means that the employer is obliged to provide a docking station or PC). Recently, the Inspection has concluded that (college) student computer equipment should meet the same standards as personnel equipment. In short, if there are regulations about laptop use for employees, why shouldn't they apply to pupils? (And if that doesn't work, you can still frighten the parents.)
I am amazed at how lazy people are. I have long ago stopped being upset at people not turning off their computers when they're not using them overnight or such. I understand it can be a lengthy process to "get back to where you were" when you turned it off....especially if you're a devleper like me.
But what about your stupid monitor? There it is, sucking away 200+ Watts of energy and generating heat in air conditioned offices in the summer. The effect of people regularly turning off their monitors overnight in this country would probably give us back about enough electricity to like a city of 500,000 people.
You figure the fuel not used and the wars not fought.