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Cheating Fruit (Slot) Machines
ebbdr writes "Ever think that fruit machines cheat you? You would be right, at least in the UK. This article provides proof that fruit machine outcomes are predetermined and that the players inputs have little, if anything to do with it. And it lets you download the emulators and machine code required to test the hypothesis for yourself...."
I've thought about this myself. The whole key to a slot machine or a fruit machine is that you need to be able to set the "payout" percentage, typically something high like 98%. 98% means that the player gets back $0.98 on every $1, assuming he plays an infinite amount of times.
The only way to guarantee this is by determining what the payout is as soon as the money's in the slot. The "pick high or low" and all of these other things are just meant to help keep the player interested, so that the player keeps playing.
Slot machines use other tricks, too: You can play on multiple lines, or you can play multiple coins for higher bonuses. Obviously the bonuses are multiples of the number of coins you play, so they have zero effect on probability. Multiple lines increases the probability you'll win per spin, but it doesn't affect the probability per coin, which is what matters to the proprietor.
This isn't a scam or cheating or anything like that. It is the same principle behind coin-op arcade machines: You pay to play. On a machine that has 98% payout and takes quarters, that means you pay (theoretically) half a cent every time you spin. In reality, you spend more or less than that depending on random outcomes, but over millions of plays on thousands of machines it means a good twopence on the pound for the Brits and two cents on the dollar for Americans.
Companies, that is. Not for the players.
A really convincing argument would be based on the ROM's internal code rather than on statistical analyses of the emulator output. After all, as long as an emulator is used, there is no way to know whether the ROM really has "cheater code" built in, or whether it's an emulator bug that is causing the analyses to come up wrong.
That's it. I'm no longer part of Team Sanity.
First off, the article (yes, I read the article). The author's biggest peeve is that the outcome of the "double or nothing" option on the fruit machines is determined before the user even chooses. Big whoop. Whether the magic number is determined before or after you choose is meaningless; it does not affect the odds.
Second, a previous poster mentioned the RNG. In IGT slots (and I would imagine most modern ones), the RNG device is a super-sensitive measurement device that detects tiny vibrations in the chassis. This is a much better way of seeding a number generator than any software-based solution. No, banging on the chassis won't increase your odds, but it will cause the machine to tilt and will probably get the attention of a security guard. ;) Also, the machine uses this entropy to re-seed itself thousands of times per second, not just once in the beginning.
Lastly, there's the method for choosing if you win or loose. As soon as you press the "spin reels" button (or pull the handle on machine that still support that), the outcome is already known. Let me repeat: THE OUTCOME IS KNOWN before the reels start spinning. The actual spinning of the reels is just eye candy.
This part takes a bit more explaining: say each reel have three symbols on them (we'll call them A, B, and C; in reality, the reels have maybe a couple dozen). In this example, C is the most favorable; you get a jackpot if you get three C's. You would think that this would mean that you would have a 1 in 27 chance of hitting the jackpot (3^3). Nope. The internal mechanism works like so: Okay, you have 3 symbols on each wheel. Inside the program, there are 3 arrays of symbols, but the number of elements inside the array is much more than 3. Say these are the arrays:
- Reel 1: AAABBBBCCCCC
- Reel 2: AAAABBBBCCCC
- Reel 3: AAAAAAAABBBC
The machine picks a random element from each array. Do you see what's going on here? There are more Cs in the first reel array, making it very likely to hit a C on the first reel. Next is a slightly less chance to hit C again. The third time is nearly impossible. Yet it builds you hope up, thinking you're about to hit the jackpot.Is this deceitful? Yes. Does it prey upon the stupid? Yes. Is it illegal? Nope. These methods produce a certain payout percentage, and the techniques for producing them are "public" knowledge, usually regulated by your state's gambling office.
In conclusion, stick to blackjack.
In Nevada, the source code for any legal game is reviewed by the state Gaming Control Board before approval. So it's pretty tough (but not impossible!) for a programmer to add such twists. And when a really big jackpot is hit, the casinos have internal audit personnel that tear the machine apart to check for any sort of tampering. At this time, they also review the chips to make sure they are approved chips. Many Nevada casinos advertize 98% payback, but by law, the payout can be as low as something like 78% (not sure the exact amount, but it's down in the 70's); which means on the average, the casino makes a lot more money than just a few pennies. The payback for some table games is even worse (some are better... in Blackjack, the odds constantly shift back and forth between the player and the casino). I work for a company that makes a computer system that interfaces to slot machines; I get to play slots everyday... A good job if you can get it ;-)
I also have friends that work in casinos and for actual slot manufacturers. I'm not a mathmetics expert, nor even a gaming expert, but I do sorta know a bit about it.
If anyone's interested, you can check out all the rules and regulations at:
http://gaming.state.nv.us/