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Trash is Private Property in New Hampshire

suwain_2 writes "As this article in the Nashua (New Hampshire) Telegraph discusses, the New Hampshire Supreme Court has ruled that trash set out on the sidewalk for collection is private property. In the case that led to this landmark decision, police searched through an area man's trash, finding traces of marijuana in his garbage. The New Hampshire Supreme Court declared yesterday that the police didn't have the right to go through his trash without a warrant. This is the opposite of what most states, and the US Supreme Court, have previously ruled. Live free or die indeed."

82 comments

  1. [insert generic News for Nerds complaint] by ichimunki · · Score: 1

    I'm sorry. I don't see the techie, nerd, geek, IT, whatever connection here. Not a bit. At all. Remotely even hardly resembling maybe.

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    1. Re:[insert generic News for Nerds complaint] by avoelker · · Score: 1

      However, this article is guaranteed to generate nerdy replies, such as yours.

    2. Re:[insert generic News for Nerds complaint] by elemental23 · · Score: 1

      It was probably posted because Slashdot has previously reported a similar story and people seemed to be interested in it, despite it not being "techie", "nerdy", or "geeky". You'll note that there are often stories about privacy issues here.

      --
      I like my women like my coffee... pale and bitter.
    3. Re:[insert generic News for Nerds complaint] by dpcgriffin · · Score: 1

      Actually, it means we can't dig around in our neighbor's trash and steal the cool stuff in it. Instead, we have to wait until it goes to the dump first. But that's only in new hampshire.

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    4. Re:[insert generic News for Nerds complaint] by dpcgriffin · · Score: 1

      Well, maybe in portland too.
      Or is Portland in New Hampshire

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    5. Re:[insert generic News for Nerds complaint] by rhuntley12 · · Score: 1

      What makes it interesting is the privacy factor. While not part of the nerd world, the nerd world is sure as hell interested in their privacy.

    6. Re:[insert generic News for Nerds complaint] by 11223 · · Score: 1

      It's obvious - this makes dumpster diving illegal.

    7. Re:[insert generic News for Nerds complaint] by markhb · · Score: 1

      No, no Portland in New Hampshire; try Maine or Oregon instead.

      Remainder of my .sig: be the majority of voters.

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  2. Some suggestions by El · · Score: 1

    1) The heck with shredders, buy a woodstove and feed it on paper. (This is also the best way to prevent identity theft.)
    2) Haul your own trash to the dump.
    3) Don't set out your trash can until you hear the truck coming down the street. Yeah, sure, the police are going to ooming screaming up in their squad car with the PA system blaring "Step away from that trash!" as the garbagemen attempt to empty it...

    --

    "Freedom means freedom for everybody" -- Dick Cheney

    1. Re:Some suggestions by phauxfinnish · · Score: 1

      The garbagemen are often the agents of law enforcement, seperating a suspect's garbage for the police. This prevents the paranoid drug dealers from realizing they are being watched and cl $ng out their place of business.

    2. Re:Some suggestions by TPFH · · Score: 1

      What I do is I shred EVERYTHING. I then mix it in with my trash. I suppose I should be the good environmentalist and recycle it but I've been too lazy. I recycle just about everything else.

      So I got shredded junk mail, personal mail, bills, and often subversive literature.

      I doubt the police are going through my trash but the image of them trying to piece together misc. shredded paper mixed in with rotting fruits and vegies etc. is amusing.

      When I tell people this they call me paranoid and say I should seek professional help right away.

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  3. What's Next? by 4of12 · · Score: 3, Funny

    I can just see my private property trash joining together with all the other private property trash down at the landfill and declaring themselves a commune.

    Either that, or else I'll be sued by someone whose private property trash was injured in a scuffle with my private property trash in the back of dumpster somewhere.

    --
    "Provided by the management for your protection."
  4. In other news... by El · · Score: 2, Funny

    New Hampshire state legislators propose changing the state motto to "Live free... or don't!"

    --

    "Freedom means freedom for everybody" -- Dick Cheney

  5. What does it mean for dumpster divers by chia_monkey · · Score: 2, Funny

    Man...I know of people who have found some way cool stuff in dumpsters. TVs, computers, furniture, other office equipment, etc. Does that mean you can get arrested now for divin' if you're in NH? Not cool.

    Imagine the irony of ironies though...what if you were divin', a cop catches ya, finds marijuana, but it's from the dumpster. Oh the humanity...

    --

    "He uses statistics as a drunken man uses lampposts...for support rather than illumination." - Andrew Lang
    1. Re:What does it mean for dumpster divers by cymen · · Score: 1

      Right away when I saw the story I too thought of dumpster divers. I wonder how long it will take to be overturned though!

    2. Re:What does it mean for dumpster divers by John+Hasler · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Until the New Hampshire Supreme Court reverses itself or New Hampshire amends its constitution. There is no court with jurisdiction for the cops to appeal to.

      --
      Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
    3. Re:What does it mean for dumpster divers by John+Hasler · · Score: 1

      Isn't dumpster-diving already illegal in most jurisdictions?

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      Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
    4. Re:What does it mean for dumpster divers by Looks_Like_A_Penguin · · Score: 1

      That sucks...I have found tons of my gear in dumpsters (mostly in Tokyo though). It amazes me what people will throw away. Funny though, it's been harder to find decent stuff in the last 2 years; it must be a sign of the times.
      Randy

  6. correct decision by dh003i · · Score: 2, Informative

    Anything on property owned by you is private property; if it is concealed (that is, not visible by plain sight) the police should need a warrant to search it. The minute your trash leaves your yard, it is no longer your property, but rather the property of the trash-company (that is the agreement between you and your trash company). How it is treated then depends upon your contract with the trash company.

    1. Re:correct decision by sweetooth · · Score: 3, Informative

      The curb isn't your private property. Hence police have been able to go through trash for ages.

    2. Re:correct decision by Mattcelt · · Score: 1

      The problem with that logic is that most people put their trash on the "devil's strip", the piece of land which exists between the sidewalk and the road (I don't know why it's called that) or the road itself. Most municipalities ordinances declare that the sidewalk and devil's strip are the property of the municipality, even though the person whose property ajoins it is responsible for its care in many cases. (Cutting the grass, shoveling snow, etc.) In some areas there is a direct buffer between the road and the private property which is government-owned. So unless you're sure that it is on your private land, you may be putting it on "public" property.

      If I'm not mistaken, this was actually instituted to make sure that the trash collectors were not taking trash from "private" property - some collectors will not take trash that is not placed in this public land at all.

      But there are obviously other factors here which affected the state court's (proper) decision. Good show!

    3. Re:correct decision by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There aren't that many devil's strips in Nashua. Most of the city is either sidewalks with no grass, or grass with no sidewalks. Only place I can think I may have seen any is on 130 near the ballpark.

    4. Re:correct decision by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This clearly varies from place to place. I have a crack between my curb and sidewalk where I live now. In my home town, you owned the sidewalk and the grass up to the curb. They had lots of rules about that area, but you owned it. If they sidewalk got bad, you paid to fix it or they fixed it and fined you heavily.

    5. Re:correct decision by FCP · · Score: 1
      It's called an easement.
      We have things like water meters buried there, on my street.

      But, yeah, the specifics vary from place to place, including whether you put your trash
      there or not.

      A case a few years back involved Bob Dylan's trash and a rabid fan. If I weren't so damned old, I might even remember the guy's name; he "wrote the book" on Dylan.


      A voice says "A. J. Weberman."


      Anyway, the logic was, everywhere but NH, that you've abandoned the stuff by putting it in a trashcan outside, telegraphing your intent to dispose of it.
      I'd rather the law didn't try to read my mind any more than absolutely necessary, though.

      They say (but you know the kind of things THEY say) that it's OK to require me to pee in a cup because I usually flush it away with no concern, so it is OK to collect it.

      No, no, NO. To you, that looks like a public urinal; to me it looks like the best possible
      security system. I flush it, and right away you can't tell what came from me and what came from the girl next door. Give it a day, and you can't
      distinguish between mine and Larry King's.
      --
      .plan: file not found
    6. Re:correct decision by dh003i · · Score: 2, Insightful

      that point is good enough, and I hadn't considered that the trash was on the curb (I assumed it was on his driveway, as is my trash on mine). However, when you consider that all public property is the result of theft from millions of individuals through the systematic enslavement of the tax-payer, the "street" (at least the part of it by his house) in legitimacy belongs to the house-owner, as the street is only paid for by stealing from him.

    7. Re:correct decision by John+Hasler · · Score: 1

      > Most municipalities ordinances declare that the
      > sidewalk and devil's strip are the property of the
      > municipality, even though the person whose
      > property ajoins it is responsible for its care in
      > many cases.

      No. In most jurisdictions the city has an easement on the sidewalk, the boulevard, and your half of the street, but you still "own" it.

      --
      Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
    8. Re:correct decision by sweetooth · · Score: 1

      Well technically yes, we all own public land. Hence the public term. Of course that means that anyone can go on it and do what they want within the law. So while you surely in some sense own your curb, or easment (we have a lot of places here with easments and no real curbs) really, you have no control over it. One other thing to consider is that many if not most garbage companies won't collect your garbage if it isn't in the public area as collecting it from your private property can be considered theft.

    9. Re:correct decision by statusbar · · Score: 1

      The thing is, in all the other states where trash is NOT private property, the court still seems to think that what is IN your trash on the curb has something to do with you.

      If I didn't like someone very much, all I'd have to do is stuff some pot into his trash on the curb. He gets blamed and arrested.

      --jeff

      --
      ipv6 is my vpn
  7. By that logic... by Dr.+Bent · · Score: 1

    If someone tosses their empty Jolt Cola can in my trashcan while it's sitting on the lawn to be picked up, is that tresspassing?

    This is just dumb. Who has an expectation of privacy with their trash?!

    1. Re:By that logic... by isaac · · Score: 1
      If someone tosses their empty Jolt Cola can in my trashcan while it's sitting on the lawn to be picked up, is that tresspassing?

      Probably not, if it's on the public easement.

      This is just dumb. Who has an expectation of privacy with their trash?!

      People in New Hampshire, now.

      -Isaac

      --
      I am not a lawyer, and this is not legal advice. For Entertainment Purposes Only.
    2. Re:By that logic... by mugnyte · · Score: 1

      Who has an expectation of privacy with their trash?!

      Funny enough, the government does. Here in Portland, Oregon, US:

      In March of 2002, police officers in Portland went through the garbage of a fellow officer without her permission looking for "evidence" that she was using drugs (an investigation that looks more to me like an attempt to punish and smear the officer in question, because she had won a sexual harassment suit against the department). Among the garbage/evidence was a bloody tampon that the cops sent to the lab for tests. And the Law found this privacy invasion to be perfectly legal.

      A local newspaper, the Williamette Weekly decided that if there was no such thing as private garbage, that the judges and cops who approved the garbage invasion wouldn't mind if the WW reporters went through their garbage... Which leads to a fun article examining the trash of the local police chief, mayor, and district attorney, hopefully causing them a bit of shame of their own.

      http://www.wweek.com/flatfiles/allstories.lasso? xx in=3485

      mug

    3. Re:By that logic... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Some areas (not where I live) have trash limits set where going over that limit means you charged exponential more for each bag (I think it's more a way to get money than an environmental point, but who cares since it does both). In that instance, taking trash is like throwing away the person's money and misusing their trash cans is like, well, trespassing. Ie, it's technically costing the person more money (admittedly, not a lot unless the situation is severely abused). In either case, just taking or adding to the trash does do the trash owner harm.

    4. Re:By that logic... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      If someone tosses their empty Jolt Cola can in my trashcan while it's sitting on the lawn to be picked up, is that tresspassing?

      If you want to be technical it is called theft of services and it is an actionable offense. I doubt that someone would prosecute for a soda can, but this is the US of A and stranger things have happened.

    5. Re:By that logic... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, it's trespass, or it bloody well ought to be. Because if someone discovers that recyclable can mixed in with your non-recyclable trash, you could be held responsible for it.

    6. Re:By that logic... by TPFH · · Score: 1

      From some squirle (I think) to Slappy Squirl:

      "Excuse Me! That's MY garbage receptical. I'm sure you have a garbage receptical of your own!"

      I wish that people would put their trash in my can instead of leaving it on my lawn.

      --
      This signature used to contain a cute kitty virus with ansii art. Please set the slashdot editors on fire. Thank you
  8. Oregon weekly sticks it to the cops by dietz · · Score: 4, Interesting

    In Oregon, after a case where the cops went through a person's trash to get evidence (against one of their own officers, in fact), one of the local weeklies decided to do a little protest.

    They went through the trash of the police chief, they mayor (who supported the right for cops to go through trash), and the district attorney. They then held meetings with each of these people, asking how they felt about this privacy violation. The police chief actually threw them out of his office. Then they reported on these meetings and printed a list of every item they found in the trash bins.

    Needless to say, the "victims" were pissed. The mayor held a press conference, claiming she was going to sue Wilamette Week for, uhhm, well, she never said what exactly. She never did sue.

    It was pretty hilarious.

    1. Re:Oregon weekly sticks it to the cops by TPFH · · Score: 1

      People could probably read the article to find this out but.....

      Basically, what the legal argument was is that once you put your trash out on the curb it becomes public property and thus the police do not need a search warrent to look through it because EVERYONE supposidely has the right to go through it. (I wonder if that makes dumpster diving legal in Oregon?)

      This has been used in numerous cases, but it became more public when it was used against a fellow police officer. What was probably going on with her was office politics motivated people to just look for any excuse to get her fired.

      Anyway, since the argument than everyone, and not just the police, have the right to go through your trash, the WW decided to test this out on Mayor Katz, Chief Kroker (Left hand man of Chief Daryl Gates back in the day), and the DA. The DA actually had a sense of humor about it but Kats was royally pissed, and also threatened criminal charges.

      I think Kats even had a press conferance about it which brought in the big daily newspaper to report on what happened etc.

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  9. New State Motto: Throw Shit Away Free or Die! by rthille · · Score: 1


    Well, it's nice to see that there is some respect for privacy/freedom still in the US.

    Certainly I could have an arrangement with the garbage company which would come onto my property to obtain the trash, and that would have it remain my property until mixed with the other trash, but what's to keep the police from examining the trash and finding my dna in the saliva on a reefer?

    --
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    1. Re:New State Motto: Throw Shit Away Free or Die! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't see anyone asking the obvious question. Why would one go and throw some pot in the trash?

  10. Thsi trash was on Hill Street Blues by netringer · · Score: 1
    They covered this topic years ago on the reference for legal opinions,"Hill Street Blues."

    On the show the judge said it was OK if the trash was in the "scoop" of the garbage truck, at which point it was considered public property, but the cops couldn't touch it before it was mixed with everyone else's trash.

    I wonder if the writers were inspired by a real-world legal ruling.

    --
    Ever dream you could fly? Get up from the Flight Sim. I Fly
  11. Privacy != Governing Laws by zoloto · · Score: 1

    Justice John Broderick dissented, citing a 1988 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that it was unreasonable for people to expect their trash to remain private, given that "plastic garbage bags left on or at the side of a public street are readily accessible to animals, children, scavengers, snoops, and other members of the public."

    In that decision - which also was split - a majority of judges on the nation's highest court concluded "the police cannot reasonably be expected to avert their eyes from evidence of criminal activity that could have been observed by any member of the public."

    I don't know about the rest of you, but I didn't need a law in 1988 that told me information left out in the open, niavely and ignorantly presumed to be private, to be readily accessable to the public simply if one wanted.

    Shredding, composting and heavy recycling usually foil peoples attempts to 'scan' your garbage for anything you wouldn't dare let out into the public domain.

    The law in NH is great in my personal opinion, but it's no subsitute for diligence in ones duty to remain private in a very open world, where disclosure is fastly becoming a way of life.

    Tsk Tsk, people come on now! Do you really think that uncle sam will stay on your side forever with things like the DCMA, USA PATRIOT ACT with Ashcroft and Co running the show?

    To quote a famous Founding Father:
    "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure."

    -z
    1. Re:Privacy != Governing Laws by 3StrangeAllies · · Score: 1

      >>plastic garbage bags left on or at the side of a public street are readily accessible to animals, children, scavengers, snoops, and other members of the public.

      Would that judge also push the analogy so as to say that a non-secured overflooded mailbox would hence be public, because it lays at the boudary of the public street and accessible to whoever put his hand in ? That sounds pretty shallow...

      There is something funny, though, in the governments schizophrenia upon property -- here in France, if you are caught leaving trash on the street and you can be identified as the one who dumped it, you get a fine 'round 183. That's to say you're *responsible and the owner* of the garbage. But I doubt they think about fining you when the police is looking through your dumps.

      Lastly, the ruling is interesting in its limitations : the trash is your until it's in the garbage truck -- so, even if the authorities cut a deal with the garbage company, once mixed with other people's own dirt, they cannot hold what they could find against anyone ;) Frustrating it must be...

      ~3ST

    2. Re:Privacy != Governing Laws by TPFH · · Score: 1

      It would also be helpful to get to know your neighbors better and look out for each other. Not neccessarily Neighborhood Watch, but just talking to each other. Let them know if there is a weirdo or the police looking through your windows or going through your trash etc.

      But then now that we have the "USA PATRIOT ACT" it is now illegal to even talk about the police searching yourself if you catch them.

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  12. A related Oregon amusement by peacefinder · · Score: 1

    RUBBISH!
    Portland's top brass said it was OK to swipe your garbage--so we grabbed theirs.
    by CHRIS LYDGATE AND NICK BUDNICK


    [...] Back in March, the police swiped the trash of fellow officer Gina Hoesly. They didn't ask permission. They didn't ask for a search warrant. They just grabbed it. [...]

    The news left a lot of Portlanders--including us--scratching our heads. Aren't there rules about this sort of thing? Aren't citizens protected from unreasonable search and seizure by the Fourth Amendment?

    [...] After much debate, we resolved to turn the tables on three of our esteemed public officials. We embarked on an unauthorized sightseeing tour of their garbage, to make a point about how invasive a "garbage pull" really is--and to highlight the government's ongoing erosion of people's privacy.

    We chose District Attorney Mike Schrunk because his office is the most vocal defender of the proposition that your garbage is up for grabs. We chose Police Chief Mark Kroeker because he runs the bureau. And we chose Mayor Vera Katz because, as police commissioner, she gives the chief his marching orders.

    Each, in his or her own way, has endorsed the notion that you abandon your privacy when you set your trash out on the curb. So we figured they wouldn't mind too much if we took a peek at theirs.

    Boy, were we wrong. [...]

    ---

    Much hilarity ensues. See http://www.wweek.com/flatfiles/allstories.lasso?xx in=3485

    --
    With reasonable men I will reason; with humane men I will plead; but to tyrants I will give no quarter. -- William Lloyd
  13. Gander Sauce, now on special ... by timothy · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Thanks for pointing this one out. I vaguely remembered this story (read it in the paper when it was published) but not the specifics. Pretty good capsule summary of what statists believe :)

    a) We get to invent the rules
    b) The more rules, the better
    c) except for us

    wrt point b), notice that many public oafficials like to brag about how many new laws they passed or implemented (depending on whether they're in the stick-em-up or the stick-it-to-ya part of the political spectrum). This is something that they *ought* to shamefacedly cough their way out of answering, not brag about.

    If we called them all "rule inventors" and "tattletale," I think the proper perspective would be easier to maintain. Words like "lawmaker" and "executive" sound far too important for these arrogant brats.

    What, me venty?

    timothy

    --
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  14. Heh. by Kickasso · · Score: 1
    The Star Chamber.
    Judge Stephen Hardin finds himself distraught when he's forced to dismiss the charges against an obviously guilty criminal due to a legal technicality.
    The technicality in question was exactly that. The criminal's garbage was searched after being loaded on a garbage truck. But it was still separate from the rest of garbage, and thus was his private property. See, the truck man didn't have a chance to pull a lever when the police stopped him. If he pulled that lever, the criminal's garbage would mix with the common garbage and at this moment would cease to be private property. And the search was declared illegal and the evidence was not admitted.

    The movie is crap, but Michael Douglas almost saves it.

  15. Most probably the writers were inspired by Kickasso · · Score: 1

    by earlier writers who were inspired by yet earlier writers.

  16. Dumpster Diving? by GeorgeH · · Score: 1

    So how does this affect dumpster diving? I know that I've gotten some nice computers out of the trash, as well as other semi-working electronics. I don't understand why someone would throw out a computer with a blown power supply instead of asking their friendly neighborhood geek what the problem is.

    Of course, finding a 2 or 3 generation old computer was more useful before you could get a NAT router for under $50. "Back in my day, we had to install Linux on the drive to build a router... and we liked it!"

    --
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  17. That's all well and good... by The+Munger · · Score: 2, Funny

    But what kind of self-respecting pot smoker is going to throw out part of his stash!

    Kids today...

    --
    Refuse to make a statement in your sig!
    1. Re:That's all well and good... by davidhan · · Score: 1
      The decision came in a marijuana possession case in which police searched an Enfield man's trash twice and found wire scrapers coated with marijuana residue.

      People aren't throwing out significant amounts of illegal substances, but they do throw out paraphernalia, and items with drug residue on them.
    2. Re:That's all well and good... by The+Munger · · Score: 1

      Yes, but that's not as funny. :-)

      --
      Refuse to make a statement in your sig!
  18. How incredibly stupid. by DoubleD · · Score: 1

    Must we make a law for everything just so people can get a warm fuzzy? Take some responsibilty for your actions, exercise a degree of intelligence and dispose of sensitive information or incriminating evidence correctly. It is not the place of a law to protect criminals from their own stupidity.

    Why should we have an expectation for privacy in our trash (once it is placed for collection) ?

    Heck the article in Willamette Week Online just tells a story of some incredibly stupid public officials. They should politely thank the journalists for showing them they need to be a bit more careful in how they dispose of sensitive information. After all a person interested in stealing your credit card number from the trash is not going to be scruplusly following the law on the privacy of trash. Also I would think common sense would dictate that you better have more evidence than a joint in the trash to imply someone uses drugs, any passer by, trespasser, or even visitor can easily discard material in an innocent's trash.

    --
    "He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep in order to gain what he cannot lose."
  19. actually, what I'm saying by dh003i · · Score: 2, Interesting

    is that there is no such thing as "public property"; it is an oxymoron. To speak of someone's property implies they own it, have rights over it, can do with it as they please (so long as they don't use it to initiate violence against someone), can exchange it, and acquired it rightfully.

    Since the public (all tax-paying individuals) has no control over public property, and very limited use thereof, the property cannot be said to be owned by tax-paying individuals, as a corporation is owned by its shareholders. If anything, public property is a burden on us, adding to our enslavement, because we are forced to pay taxes on it, pay taxes to support it, and take care of it, despite the fact that we have no control over it.

    In reality, what we improperly call "public property" is really the property of the politicians and beurocrats who decide how it can be used, property which they stole from the taxpayers they have systematically enslaved. Yes, taxes are slavery (forcing individuals to work 10-37.5% of the year without compensation is slavery, as is forcing them to work for 10-37.5% less than what they would otherwise work for).

    Hence, all questions of what is proper on public property are meaningless, for it is asking the question "what is the right thing to do with stolen property". The only answer can be to return it to it's owners (if you know who they are), or allow it to be homesteaded by claimees. Talk of whether or not it is ok for police to search public property pre-supposes that the theft of the property which we call "public" is justified, when in fact it is not.

    1. Re:actually, what I'm saying by BobTheLawyer · · Score: 1

      please explain how you think 250 million people could live meaningful lives without some form of state. Without a legal system and enforcement mechanisms protecting private property rights then *nobody* would be able to own any property. That's not freedom - it's the very opposite of freedom.

      And the analogy with shareholders doesn't work. I own a few thousand shares in IBM. Does that give me control of IBM's headquarters? Of course the answer is that it gives me the same kind of control of IBM's headquarters that my one vote in an election gives me over government property.

    2. Re:actually, what I'm saying by dh003i · · Score: 1
      It is perfectly possible that we could live meaningful -- indeed, BETTER -- lives without a State. Indeed, the past century could not have been worse if there was absolute anarchy; for there would not have been the holocaust, nor would there have been the dropping of two H-bombs on Japanese cities. By the way, appealing to the "necessity" of government does not justify it (the ends do not justify the means); it does not justify the mass-enslavement, mass-theft, and mass-murder that are both a necessary consequence of the State and necessary to support the State. As for how a world without a state would work, your questions are answered in their entirity by Rothbard in For a New Liberty.

      Without a legal system and enforcement mechanisms protecting private property rights then *nobody* would be able to own any property

      Wrong. Please see The Public Sector. The State is the enemy of private property and all civilized human beings, not a friend.

    3. Re:actually, what I'm saying by BobTheLawyer · · Score: 1

      point me to the bit where he explains how private court systems can enforce tort actions.

    4. Re:actually, what I'm saying by dh003i · · Score: 2, Insightful
      I gave you the necessary reference in Rothbard's section on the public sector:
      How, then, would the courts operate in the libertarian society? In particular, how could they enforce their decisions? In all their operations, furthermore, they must observe the critical libertarian rule that no physical force may be used against anyone who has not been convicted as a criminal--otherwise, the users of such force, whether police or courts, would be themselves liable to be convicted as aggressors if it turned out that the person they had used force against was innocent of crime. In contrast to statist systems, no policeman or judge could be granted special immunity to use coercion beyond what anyone else in society could use.

      Let us now take the case we mentioned before. Mr. Jones is robbed, his hired detective agency decides that one Brown committed the crime, and Brown refuses to concede his guilt. What then? In the first place, we must recognize that there is at present no overall world court or world government enforcing its decrees; yet while we live in a state of "international anarchy" there is little or no problem in disputes between private citizens of two countries. Suppose that right now, for example, a citizen of Uruguay claims that he has been swindled by a citizen of Argentina. Which court does he go to? He goes to his own, i.e., the victim's or the plaintiff's court. The case proceeds in the Uruguayan court, and its decision is honored by the Argentinian court. The same is true if an American feels he has been swindled by a Canadian, and so on. In Europe after the Roman Empire, when German tribes lived side by side and in the same areas, if a Visigoth felt that he had been injured by a Frank, he took the case to his own court, and the decision was generally accepted by the Franks. Going to the plaintiff's court is the rational libertarian procedure as well, since the victim or plaintiff is the one who is aggrieved, and who naturally takes the case to his own court. So, in our case, Jones would go to the Prudential Court Company to charge Brown with theft.

      It is possible, of course, that Brown is also a client of the Prudential Court, in which case there is no problem. The Prudential's decision covers both parties, and becomes binding. But one important stipulation is that no coercive subpoena power can be used against Brown, because he must be considered innocent until he is convicted. But Brown would be served with a voluntary subpoena, a notice that he is being tried on such and such a charge and inviting him or his legal representative to appear. If he does not appear, then he will be tried in absentia, and this will obviously be less favorable for Brown since his side of the case will not be pleaded in court. If Brown is declared guilty, then the court and its marshals will employ force to seize Brown and exact whatever punishment is decided upon--a punishment which obviously will focus first on restitution to the victim.

    5. Re:actually, what I'm saying by BobTheLawyer · · Score: 1

      irrelevant. Look up the meaning of "tort" and try again.

    6. Re:actually, what I'm saying by dh003i · · Score: 1

      The particulars of the case are irrelevant to how the systems would work. Tort:

      Damage, injury, or a wrongful act done willfully, negligently, or in circumstances involving strict liability, but not involving breach of contract, for which a civil suit can be brought.

      Unless you could make a reasonable argument that the tort was initiation of aggression against others, it would not be punishable. For example, a car accident that's your fault; you would still be liable for the damages against the other person. Of course, the aggressor would be the one who would have to show in court that he shoudn't ge treated the same as someone who purposefully hurt someone with a car.

      I assume, from your question on tort, that you are unfamiliar with the non-aggression axiom, which is the basis of all libertarian thought: that no-one shall initiate violence against anyone else. By the way, please try not to be a legal pedant. Using legal-speak when it's perfectly possible to use normal everyday English is fallicious.

    7. Re:actually, what I'm saying by BobTheLawyer · · Score: 1

      The problem is that the ultra-libertarian framework does not encompass most tort actions, and of course you concede this when you say "will not be punishable".

      You might want to consider where, exactly, it leaves those precious private property rights if you can't defend those rights against the non-aggressive (but still tortious) acts of others.

      What if, for example, my negligence damages your property through fire, flood, pollution, stampeding animals? Don't you think this is a teensy weensy problem? Isn't it odd how the zillion page tract you linked to doesn't even think to discuss this?

    8. Re:actually, what I'm saying by dh003i · · Score: 1
      Rothbard does discuss tort, though not in the section I linked to. He discusses tort in the next chapter: Conservation, Ecology, and Growth.

      To take a specific example, Rothbard considers the pollution in the 1800's by smog-factories to be a tort against the property of farmers and other land-owners, whose property was defiled by the smog from the smoke-stacks. He emphasizes that companies should be completely liable for any damage they may do to other individuals property through pollution, and may be forced by the courts to either pay damages and/or reduce/eliminate their pollution. It is important to note that companies would, most likely, under a libertarian system, not only be forced to pay damages, but also to stop their tort in the future; for no damages money can undue property-violations. Rothbard also discusses how our monopolistic courts have really failed to adequately deal with tort, taking the case of pollution in particular.

    9. Re:actually, what I'm saying by BobTheLawyer · · Score: 1

      but how can purely private courts enforce tort actions at all? If my oil tanker dumps a million gallons of oil on your beach, how will I be *forced* to do anything?

    10. Re:actually, what I'm saying by dh003i · · Score: 1

      Rothbard discusses enforcement of the court's decisions in the other chapter I mentioned, The Public Sector.

      When the court reaches a decision, the private police company with which the court has a contract (or the court's marshalls) enforce the decision.

      If the person ruled against disagrees, he can take the case to his own court.

      If the two courts disagree on liability, then they would have to agree upon another court to function as an appeals court, which would have the final say. In this way, every court would act both as a normal court, and as an appeals court when two other courts agreed to send the matter to that court for appeals.

    11. Re:actually, what I'm saying by BobTheLawyer · · Score: 1

      but what if the courts don't agree?
      you say they would "have to agree upon another court", but what if they don't?

      you will inevitably end up with violent coercion, where the richer and more powerful party will crush the other. Are you really happier with this than a democratically accountable State having the monopoly on violence?

    12. Re:actually, what I'm saying by dh003i · · Score: 1
      but what if the courts don't agree? you say they would "have to agree upon another court", but what if they don't? you will inevitably end up with violent coercion, where the richer and more powerful party will crush the other. Are you really happier with this than a democratically accountable State having the monopoly on violence?

      Rothbard anticipated such objections, and adequately answered them. However, for the moment, let us assume that in such a world, all chaos breaks out. So what? With the world-wars and the millions killed in them, the holocaust, the dropping of the H-bomb, Vietnam, the Korean War, the Gulf Wars, and 9/11, how could the past century have possibly gone worse? Even if mass chaos broke loose without any states, that would surely be better than the mass-murder institutionalized by wars between states. At worst, the "chaos" would be localized, and would never mean the deaths of millions of civillians, not even if you would consider the cummulative world-wide effect.

      However, it is not reasonable to assume that, absent The State, there would be such chaos. I will quote the relevant portions of Rothbard, which address your concerns:

      What, however, if Brown does not recognize the Prudential Court? What if he is a client of the Metropolitan Court Company? Here the case becomes more difficult. What will happen then? First, victim Jones pleads his case in the Prudential Court. If Brown is found innocent, this ends the controversy. Suppose, however, that defendant Brown is found guilty. If he does nothing, the court's judgment proceeds against him. Suppose, however, Brown then takes the case to the Metropolitan Court Company, pleading inefficiency or venality by Prudential. The case will then be heard by Metropolitan. If Metropolitan also finds Brown guilty, this too ends the controversy and Prudential will proceed against Brown with dispatch. Suppose, however, that Metropolitan finds Brown innocent of the charge. Then what? Will the two courts and their arms-wielding marshals shoot it out in the streets?

      Once again, this would clearly be irrational and self-destructive behavior on the part of the courts. An essential part of their judicial service to their clients is the provision of just, objective, and peacefully functioning decisions--the best and most objective way of arriving at the truth of who committed the crime. Arriving at a decision and then allowing chaotic gunplay would scarcely be considered valuable judicial service by their customers. Thus, an essential part of any court's service to its clients would be an appeals procedure. In short, every court would agree to abide by an appeals trial, as decided by a voluntary arbitrator to whom Metropolitan and Prudential would now turn. The appeals judge would make his decision, and the result of this third trial would be treated as binding on the guilty. The Prudential court would then proceed to enforcement.

      One should also note that any court that decided to resolve a dispute between itself and another court by "duking it out" would immediately be recognized as an outlaw court, and dealt with by other private police forces and courts, including but not limited to the private police who would work on the streets or buildings in which such a "duking out" would have to occur.

      In regards to your assertion that justice would invariably go to the richer and more powerful, this is also unlikely (however, even if it were to occur, such would be no different than as is today). Rothbard:

      Let us first consider the problem of the venal or crooked judge or court. What of the court which favors its own wealthy client in trouble? In the first place, any such favoritism will be highly unlikely, given the rewards and sanctions of the free market economy. The very life of the court, the very livelihood of a judge, will depend on his reputation for integrity, fair-mindedness, objectivity, and the quest for truth in every case. This is his "brand name." Should word of any ven

  20. I don't like this by slothman32 · · Score: 1

    I personally don't like this. I think that trash, and recycling too, once it is sent to the curb, should be thought of public property. Anyone can claim it if they want. I don't mind people knowing what I throw away. If it is something sensitive then I will make it unsensitive or keep it. Plus rulings like this make it harder to turn "one man's trash into another's treasure."

    --
    Why don't you guys have friends or journals?
    1. Re:I don't like this by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 1

      I personally don't like this. I think that trash, and recycling too, once it is sent to the curb, should be thought of public property.

      What's to stop competing recycling companies from collecting each others' trash then, when they don't have the Town's contract?

      Plus rulings like this make it harder to turn "one man's trash into another's treasure."

      I'm not going to press charges if you pick up the busted old couch on the curb. We can assume this to be the reasonable social norm. This ruling is to protect people from self-incrimination and probably to prevent trash burning and illegal dumping. It will probably have beneficial side effects for identity theft too, but it's really protecting the citizen from the state, not to hamper reuse.

      --
      My God, it's Full of Source!
      OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
    2. Re:I don't like this by slothman32 · · Score: 1

      Illegal dumping would be tresspassing or vandalism while trash burning is pollution related. And most people don't mind if someone else picks up their trash. They just don't want it themselves. The rest can be dealt with by things like shreading or keeping. You do keep reciepts don't you.

      --
      Why don't you guys have friends or journals?
  21. Problem for Bill Gates by xmple · · Score: 1

    Well if trash is private property, then Bill Gates has a problem (Bill gates used code trown away by company's to understand how operating systems and alike worked)
    Maybe some company *cough* SCO *cough* could sue him for stealing private property

    --
    Time is the only precious thing I've got left; Don't waste it
  22. mixed blessing by ajs318 · · Score: 1

    There are good reasons why you might want to search a person's trash. If they have put recyclables in with stuff going for landfill, then they deserve to be punished, and punished hard, for pollution. {Murder: victim is one person. Treason: victim is a whole nation. Pollution: victim is an entire planet.} Everyone who puts recyclable goods in for landfill is stealing from the local council, twice over: firstly in the cost of landfilling the goods, and secondly in the money not paid by the scrap merchant for the goods recovered.

    Sounds like a clear case for limiting powers. Hunting down and killing polluters is all fair as far as I am concerned. Making use of information that was not volunteered to you, or disclosing it to a third party, is not. There's obviously a line to be drawn somewhere .....

    --
    Je fume. Tu fumes. Nous fûmes!
  23. WTF? by clonebarkins · · Score: 1

    Was the garbage networked or something? That's the only reason I can think of why this would be in YRO....

    --

    "The evil of the world is made possible by nothing but the sanction you give it." -- Ayn Rand

  24. of core interest by pohzer · · Score: 1

    Interesting how society makes a law based on current events, and later reverses them based on newer, current events. I suppose ignorance is an acceptable excuse? e.g. First, going through someone's trash - rotten apple cores, bathroom tissues, empty Schlitz cans - is legal. Later, going through someone's trash - dozens of credit card offers with reply envelopes, banks tatements with SSNs, liberal newsletters, CD with 800MB of hidden cache on it - is illegal. Adds merit to the idea that perhaps law makers didn't KNOW ENOUGH back then, and only now KNOW ENOUGH to make a reasonable law? Did we have to wait until EVERYONE had incriminating evidence in their garbage before we could make a sensible ruling... apparently so.

  25. if trash is public property by Johnny5000 · · Score: 1

    If trash is public property in most states, and freely searchable without a warrant, if they search someone's trash and they find illegal materials (drugs or whatever) in there, technically that illegal material would no longer belong to whoever put it there, right? So you can't bust someone for possessing it if it is no longer theirs.

    Say a heroin addict decides they want to kick the habit so they throw out all of their heroin and paraphanalia. The cops search their garbage and find it all. Too bad it doesn't belong to the addict anymore, since it's now 'public property.'

    --
    The libertarian solution to the failures of capitalism is to apply more capitalism til the failures are fixed.
    1. Re:if trash is public property by Compulawyer · · Score: 1
      I'm sorry, but your argument is completely nonsensical. That is simply not how the law works.

      The law makes it illegal to possess controlled substances like heroin. If you possessed the substance, you can be charged with a crime. The time frame during which you possessed the substance can be in the past so long as it is not so long ago that any charges would be barred by the applicable statute of limitations.

      The distinction between public and private property in this context is the need for the police to obtain a search warrant. If the property is "private," the police need a warrant and must have cause to obtain one. If the property to be searched is "public," no warrant is necessary and the police are free to search at will.

      That said, if the police search YOUR trash in a jurisdiction where trash is "public" property, the police do not need a warrant and it makes perfect sense to conclude that YOU placed the controlled substance in the trash. That is enough to support probable cause that you possessed the controlled substance recently and enough to make an arrest. If you ever used the defense you outlined in your post in your own court case for possession, I would wish you luck during your incarceration.

      --

      Laws affecting technology will always be bad until enough techies become lawyers.

    2. Re:if trash is public property by Johnny5000 · · Score: 1

      hey works for me.
      I really was just curious about how such a situation would work out. I'm (obviously) not a lawyer.

      So thanks for the response and clarification- I appreciate it.

      --
      The libertarian solution to the failures of capitalism is to apply more capitalism til the failures are fixed.
    3. Re:if trash is public property by Compulawyer · · Score: 1

      No problem. My apologies if the level of sarcasm in my previous post was too high. My sarcasm filter was turned completely off at the time.

      --

      Laws affecting technology will always be bad until enough techies become lawyers.

    4. Re:if trash is public property by zabieru · · Score: 1

      On the other hand, if they hauled you in and brought you to trial, I think many juries would conclude that the possibility that someone else placed it there constitutes a reasonable doubt. However, if they search your house afterwards, and you have a huge stash, well, sucks to be you.

    5. Re:if trash is public property by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      Too risky; dispose of your illegal materials in your NEIGHBOR'S trash.

    6. Re:if trash is public property by Compulawyer · · Score: 1

      As a practical matter, when the police search your trash like this, they set up a surveillance team to watch you take the trash to the curb and videotape it. They then immediately seize the trash and search it before anyone else has had the opportunity to tamper with the contents. So much for reasonable doubt.

      --

      Laws affecting technology will always be bad until enough techies become lawyers.

  26. Free State Project by seva · · Score: 0
    In case someone is still reading this story, I know it's a few days old, you might be interested in the Free State Project

    The FSP has recently selected New Hampshire as the state they are going to target for a "plan in which 20,000 or more liberty-oriented people will move to a single state of the U.S., where they may work within the political system to reduce the size and scope of government".