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Human Trials Of Anti-Smoking Vaccine Begin

Makarand writes "A Nicotine vaccine that may help smokers to quit has made it to human trials. The vaccine is administered as a series of eight shots -- patients receive two shots per visit during four different visits. The vaccine works by stimulating the human immune system to produce antibodies that bind with the nicotine molecules to form a larger complex molecule which cannot pass through the blood/brain barrier to get into the brain. As a result smokers will not feel the 'high' from the cigarettes they light up and lose interest in smoking. Preliminary studies have shown that this vaccine is safe in humans." (Each link goes to a slightly different version of the same wire story.)

25 of 119 comments (clear)

  1. There's more than one type of addiction by Dr+Tall · · Score: 5, Informative

    Maybe this could be used to treat physical addiction, but I don't see how it would help psychological addiction. You can become clinically addicted to something without your body being dependent on the substance; you just feel an uncontrolable urge to smoke, not for the high feeling, but just because you always smoke on the way to work, always smoke at parties, etc.

    1. Re:There's more than one type of addiction by sigxcpu · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If you were right, the tobacco companies would not need to waste time and mony (and risk legal action) by adding amonia to the cogaretts just to make them more addictive.
      Take suger for instance. People get used to eat somthing sweet to cheer up. But there is a measurable biological effect caused by blood glucose level.
      Would that be a psycological addiction or a physical one? No matter what you call it, if you will not enjoy smoking you will find somthing better to feed your psycological needs.

      --
      As of Postgres v6.2, time travel is no longer supported.
    2. Re:There's more than one type of addiction by Naerbnic · · Score: 2, Informative

      The thing is that psychological addiction is also due to a chemical effect of the drug on your body. Physical addiction is strictly because of a pleasurable sensation of a drug on your brain. IIRC, This is drugs like Cocaine, which give you a definite "high". Nicotine, while not giving a noticable high, is still extremely habit forming, since it changes the chemistry of the body. When you stop smoking, the amount of dopamine (a chemical used to transmit nerve impulses) in your body drops, often lower than what it was before you started smoking. After you smoke, dopamine levels increase in your body (either that, or nicotine fools your body into thinking there's more dopamine). In any case, your body craves some sort of normal levels of dopamine. Since cigarettes give you that, you have a huge urge to smoke. If the dopamine increase effect of nicotine is cancelled (apparently what this drug is attempting to do), your body loses the connecting between smoking and high dopamine levels. Thus over time, your body begins producing more dopamine naturally, until you no longer crave cigarettes.

      And just as a precaution, IANA Medical Professional.

      --


      So there I was, juggling apples and small animals, when I accidentally bit into the wrong one...
    3. Re:There's more than one type of addiction by Dr+Tall · · Score: 2, Insightful

      This vaccine would probably work much better in combination with something to refocus one's cigarette obsession.

      Totally. The way it is now strikes me as a forced cold-turkey situation. Certainly these people go through withdrawl symptoms just like any other person trying to quit.

    4. Re:There's more than one type of addiction by CmdrWiggle · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I used to smoke two packs a day - and have "quit" smoking several times. The first time, I quit cold turkey. It was hard, but do-able. The largest contributing factor to my cravings was that my last memory of smoking was good. I loved smoking. After I quit, I constantly craved the feeling that I had when I smoked.

      After several years, I started again. In the meantime, I started taking Wellbutrin (Zyban). Even though I didn't take it to quit smoking (I took it for ADD/depression), the Wellbutrin made the cigarettes taste awful. Without trying, I couln't smoke more than three or four a day - and I usually put them out half way through because they were nasty. Then I just stopped. I literally have not had a single craving since. I attribute this to the fact that my last memory of smoking was awful, and I don't want to do it again. And I was a hardcore smoker. At one point, I even considered quitting Wellbutrin just so I could keep smoking (even though it worked wonders for my real problems).

      My point is that, if the vaccine makes the cigarettes taste awful, it will break the psychological addiction first, because you simply don't want to smoke. As a result, you smoke less, thus breaking the physical addiction as well.

  2. They need to get this down to one shot by RalphBNumbers · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Seriously, people are going to get cold feet after a visit or two to the doctor when they're starting to really feel the pull of addiction, and realize that they are permanently destroying their ability to get a fix.

    They need to get this vaccine down to something that can be administered in one visit, so people don't have a chance to get cold feet after the begining.

    If they can make this something joe six-pack-a-day can just do one afternoon on an impulse, then I'll be really impressed.

    Of course, then how long will it be until cigarette companies come out with anti-vacine cigs?

    --
    "The worst tyrannies were the ones where a governance required its own logic on every embedded node." - Vernor Vinge
    1. Re:They need to get this down to one shot by curious.corn · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Off an Impulse? Hell, I've considered qitting for the past 4 years! If this stuff doesn't develop allergies to tobacco (which would be dramatic given the fact that people smoke anywhere) I for shure would joyously get the shots... all of 'em! You know, if anything I will finally be able to just smoke for the sake of acting cool a Saturday night without getting myself screwed into addiction. From the first day I lit a cigarette I liked it too much... I was hooked since the very start, all I did was increase the dose as the years passed.

      --
      Mi domando chi à il mandante di tutte le cazzate che faccio - Altan
    2. Re:They need to get this down to one shot by bartok · · Score: 2, Interesting

      What's nice about this is that you could give the shots to all children of a certain age and then the tobaco industry would go bankrupt in no time.

  3. Fucking Smokers by Black+Rabbit · · Score: 3, Troll

    I can deal with the problem of smokers not being able to quit their filthy disgusting habit, but how about the more sociopathic problem that seems to plague the better part of them, therefore society as a whole?

    Ever notice what happens when a smoker opens up a fresh pack? The plastic wrap goes onto the ground. Then, once the smoke is finished, it goes onto the ground too. When the pack is finished, it tends to end up on the ground too. In other words, smokers are some of the most sociopathic polluting assholes on the planet! Ever have a look around a typical smoking area around, say, a public building? Butts everywhere, despite the usual presence of buttcans and ashtrays. They don't use them or need them, because they consider the world as their ashtray!

    Fucking assholes! These people don't need a vaccine to deal with their smoking problem. They need a simple boot in the ass, or several hundred as the case may be, to teach them a much needed lesson about simple politeness and courtesy! All before even getting into the usual controversies about polluting the air that I have to breathe without my consent.

    1. Re:Fucking Smokers by Black+Rabbit · · Score: 4, Funny

      ...and the evidence I see is abundantly clear! I see the byproducts of their pleasure all over the place, from the packages to the butts. I see little piles of butts at traffic intersections and in parking lots where these people choose to empty their ashtrays. I see people tossing their still-lit butts out of car windows. (A good friend of mine lost his truck to fire when one of these hit his hay-bale laden truck at highway speed, burning it to the ground in minutes.)

      If you don't have to put up with this trash all over the place, then consider yourself lucky. It's a part of daily existence where I am. despite fairly and increasingly stringent anti-smoking regulations.

    2. Re:Fucking Smokers by geoswan · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Excuse me? It sounds like you are claiming to be a good citizen because, "I assure you that whenever I find an ashtray I alwais use it."

      So, what do you do when you need a smoke, and you can't find an ashtray? You realize that, the way you phrased it, it sounds like you think it is okay, if you can't find an ashtray, to light up anyway, and throw your butts on the floor? Is this what you meant?

      When I was young, and full of beans, I used to get into confrontations with people smoking in places where smoking was officially prohibited.

      Smokers are addicts, and are capable of wild rationalizations. Anyhow, I would get my dander up, and engage in a tense confrontation -- mano a mano. By the time I was 20 or so I decided that I was putting my health at greater risk by confronting the asshole smoker -- maybe get a broken nose from getting in a fight.

      About ten or fifteen years later I started speaking up again. But I did so in a totally different way. I'd ask them, in the nicest possible way, if they knew it was a non-smoking area. Sometimes smokers didn't know, they managed to remain unaware, and they stop. But, if they don't stop, I don't appeal to authority. Instead I ask, as a courtesy, if they will stop out of consideration for those of us who are sensitive. While this is less effective than the tense confrontation approach I figure it is safer for me, because it won't provoke a fight.

      I resent this. I shouldn't have to do this.

      I am with blackrabbit on this issue. Even smokers who are capable of being decent people, good citizen, can be assholes when presented with temptation. They are in a non-smoking area, but there is no one else around, so they feel free to light up. Bzzzt. Back when we accomodated this destructive habit public places were designed to be well enough ventilated to clear away smoke. Well, they aren't anymore. And, if they once were, the ventilation has been turned down. If it is not a smoking area you are going to piss off non-smokers for for a considerable time after you have got your fix. If the ventilation is really bad, maybe for hours.

      Let me close with an anecdote.

      About fifteen years ago I was waiting to pick up my cousin at the airport. That part of the airport is under construction. The lounge is clearly a non-smoking area. Clearly marked with signs, no ashtrays present. And, because of the construction, it is very poorly ventilated. Well this older guy is standing next to a waste receptacle, having a smoke. So, I go over to him, and politely ask him if he is aware that this is a non-smoking area, and ask him, as a courtesy to refrain from smoking.

      He denies it is a non-smoking area. He asks "if this is a non-smoking area, why are there ashtrays," as he points at his trash can. Maybe, from a distance, this trash can could be mistaken for an ashtray. But, when I said, "Sir, that is a trash can," its garbage bag lining was a sure clue that it was a trash can.

      Then he says, "If this is a non-smoking section, why aren't there any signs?" So I silently point to a couple of the nearby signs.

      When this has sunk in, he stubs out his cigarette, and says to me something like, "Okay, I am putting it out. But I am not doing so because of you. I am doing so because I am good citizen who obeys the law."

      Although I did my best to talk to this guy in a way intended to not humiliate him, I am sure if you asked this guy what I had said he would have described me as being a complete asshole.

      This guy's addiction blinded him to how ugly his behaviour was.

      This guy's addiction blinded him so he could mistake a trash can for an ashtray. This guy's addiction blinded him so he could be oblivious to the many non-smoking signs in this lounge. This guy's addiction blinded him to not noticing that the room was crowded, poorly ventilated, and he was the only one smoking.

      He probably was a good citizen -- except for his blindness over his addiction.

      You want to be a good citizen? No rationalizations! Be considerate.

  4. Lont time smoker's point of view by c.r.o.c.o · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I have to admit that I have been smoking for the past 9 years. Considering that I'm only 24 years old, that's a very long time. I've tried quitting cold turkey, I've tried the patch, the gum, and they all worked up to a point. Every time I tried quitting smoking, I stopped for a few days, but afterwards, I just had to start again. It wasn't the addiction that much, but simply the fact that I enjoy smoking too much.

    Before I get all the replies describing all the side effects of smoking, you should know that I can do 150 push-ups every day, I can ride a bicycle for 30kms in about an hour through Toronto (which has its share of hills). So I'm still pretty healthy. When I'll get older this won't be the case anymore, but that's still a way off, so it doesn't feel like such a threat.

    I guess this vaccine might work for me. If I can't derive pleasure from smoking, then I might have a chance of quitting. Because my willpower in this respect sure isn't helping.

    1. Re:Lont time smoker's point of view by curious.corn · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Man, that doesn't help one little bit beleive me: my dad used to smoke and guess what, he's dead. Did I quit? Oh no, I'm still struggling with the damn things, and I swear I hate the smell, the chest pain and the throat ache in the morning. All this "hate" really works when my nicotine blood concentration is good and the idea of smoking another cig is quite disgusting; once it goes down there's no question... the stink becomes a craven perfume, the small choke when inhaling a sweet caress and the taste a palatable wine. No way the stuff you're suggesting will ever work... has it stopped idiots driving against trees, explorers traveling into the unknown, soldiers putting their life at stake for whatever? No. So please get us a damn pill to swallow and rid of this damn thing...

      --
      Mi domando chi à il mandante di tutte le cazzate che faccio - Altan
  5. Easy to quit... by traveyes · · Score: 3, Insightful



    If you WANT to quit, you will. You don't need any drugs, devices, or enemas.

    Everyone I know who has tried (and failed) to quit, failed because they did not want to quit smoking. They tried to quit because they just felt they should.

    You can quit when you actually WANT too.

    Mind over matter, and shit like that....

    1. Re:Easy to quit... by acousticiris · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Everyone I know who has tried (and failed) to quit, failed because they did not want to quit smoking.

      Never underestimate the power of a physical addiction, my friend.
      Having been a former smoker, I can tell you I wanted to quit. I wanted to quit about 1700 times. I succeeded on the 1700th try. You know its bad for you, you can feel it every day when you light up, but there's that tinge of happiness that comes from the action.
      It's been 10 years since I quit and even now there are still times I'm jamming on some code...get pissed off at it and think "Gee, if I could just go outside, light up and relieve my stress, I could get back to this mess of code and maybe make some sense of it."
      10 Years and I wonder if they succeeded in eliminating all of the health risks and side effects if I wouldn't light up right now.

      Also, it's not really mind over matter. That same mind is telling you "one more won't hurt you, you can go back to quitting after you have one more...". You go through this sort of multiple-personality situation where you have one half of you telling you not to touch the damn things, and the other half telling you that you're life would be entirely easier if you just give in.
      Some people find it easier than others, I found it to be one of the most difficult things I have had to do. And I remeber that every time a temptation rolls my way.

      The interesting thing I noticed when I was a smoker was how many people who had never smoked in their life (or never were addicted) would tell me how easy it is to quit. It was also amazing how many of these people had their own unhealthy habbits (being a geek, I've seen plenty of other geeks who happen to have a few hundred extra pounds they would be well off to get rid of). Now they're not putting anyone else at risk with their bad habbit, but I wounder if I walked up to someone who was fat and said "eat healthy and exercise every day like I do, it's easy." how many people would agree with me. (Hint: not many!)
      Cigarrettes feel like food to an addict.

      --
      "God is dead!" - Nietzsche
      "Nietzsche is dead!" - God
  6. How long before... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    ...your kids will have to be vaccinated against drugs before entering public schools.

  7. Fucking Whiners by abulafia · · Score: 4, Funny
    I can deal with the problem of assholes not being able to help themselves quit their filthy discusting behaviour, but how about the more sociopathic problem that seems to plague the better part of them, therefore society as a while?

    Ever notice what happens when a whiner opens their mouth? The first thing out of it is a bitch session about how someone else is screwing up their life. Once the stop frothing at the mouth about that, they have to start rebutting others. Then, they whine about getting modded down on Slashdot. In other words, whiners are some of the most sociopathic assholes on the planet! Ever have a look at the social habits of whiners? They empty a bar in no time. They don't need to go out because everyone hates them already, but they do anyway, just to make others unhappy.

    Fucking assholes! These people don't need a vaccine to deal with their whining problem. They need a simple boot in the ass, or several hundred as the case may be, to teach them a much needed lesson about simple politeness and courtesy! All before getting into the usual controversies about what impact whining has on the economy, or how it kills kittens.

    --
    I forget what 8 was for.
  8. how I stopped by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    A friend of mine was smoking American Spirit's. They advertise themselves as having no added chemicals and just being "pure" tobacco. It's well known that brands like Camel and Marlboro put added chemicals in their smokes, for whatever reason. Apparently a good amount of the addiction in these brands comes from some of the added chemicals, not just the nicotine.

    Anyway, my friend said that as soon as she switched to American Spirit, she just didn't feel the need to smoke as much and the though of it kind of disgusted her. So I switched too.

    After about a month, the very thought of smoking just disgusted me to the point where I stopped doing it. I started smoking their strongest ones, of which I could only finish about half a cigarette, then went to the medium, then their ultra-lights.

    It's ironic using cigarettes to quit smoking, but it worked for me. The only side-effects I've had is that I feel much better. The smell of smoke in bars even disgusts me now.

  9. Re:bad idea by corpsiclex · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I disagree. I smoked when i was 13/14 for about a year before I quit. I obviously don't think smoking/drugs is a good thing, but I think that (however ridiculous it may sound) the experience of feeling the effects of different drugs should not be robbed from people without their consent. And it isn't like you can undo the effects of a vaccine once you are (what society considers to be) old enough to responsibly make your own decisions. I think the decision to use drugs or to experiment with feeling high should be made by those that it truly concerns, the individual. Not the individual's parents. I can also tell you that for me, quitting smoking was a valuable experience. I didn't quit for my parents, I quit for me and for my friends and my life, and it really did help me grow up quite a bit.

    --

    eBayDig 1s a typo saerch engien
  10. Re:or.. by IM6100 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The cost to 'the health service' of smoking is complex. Smoking causes a considerable number of people to live shorter lives than they would otherwise. Living shorter lives can actually reduce the cost to 'the health service.'

    The whole 'ban smoking' thing sounds pretty fascistic, though. It's a plant that grows naturally. It's an activity that many people enjoy. The fact that other people (busybodies) disapprove isn't really relevant.

    Maybe we should ban a whole lot of things that make people less productive to 'the hive.'

    --
    A Good Intro to NetBS
  11. Re:Only a matter of time before it's mandatory by jchristopher · · Score: 3, Informative
    And don't give me any of that "your second-hand smoke hurts me" crap, as we all know that's a load of crap.

    That's a load if I ever saw one. Go have a look at the incidence of childhood asthma among children with parents who smoke versus those who don't. Come back and let us know what you find.

    Consider that the University of Wisconsin medical school estimates annual health care costs of $4.6 billion for treating the asthma, ear, and respiratory infections of kids living in smoking households.

    I watched my girlfriend suffer for years living with a smoking parent. When they finally quit, the immediate improvement in her health was remarkable. Smoking affects no one but the smoker? Give me a break.

  12. Never Smoke - Yummy Ashtrays Full Of Crud! by BigBlockMopar · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I can deal with the problem of smokers not being able to quit their filthy disgusting habit,

    I think you fail to understand the nature of addiction. It must be a nice perspective that you have.

    The craving for a cigarette feels every bit as instinctive, internal and hard-wired as the cravings for food, sex, and a trip to the bathroom when the bladder is full.

    If you, presumably as someone who has never smoked, wishes to understand the agony of quitting smoking, I suggest that you simply deny yourself peeing for a week. Tell me how it feels. That's exactly what quitting smoking is like.

    Most attempts to quit smoking never make it past the first day. The worst for me was always day three.

    After a week or so, the brain starts to get over the cravings, but they never really completely go away.

    Ever notice what happens when a smoker opens up a fresh pack? The plastic wrap goes onto the ground.

    Not mine; even when I accidentally drop it, I pick it up and take it to the trash.

    Then, once the smoke is finished, it goes onto the ground too.

    That happens because all the anti-smokers ran around, from the depths of their ignorance about the nature of the nicotine addiction, screaming that "If we take the ashtrays out of public places people won't smoke!".

    Bullshit. I have been in a situation where I could have sex or I could smoke - this was an ex who told me that we'd have sex if I didn't smoke that evening. Guess which one won out?

    So, if flicking a butt on the ground - which is abhorrent to me - is the cost of having a cigarette, then it's a cost I will bear. Again, I've foregone sex for it.

    I would use ashtrays if they were around. I'm not putting the butts in the garbage can; I'm sure you can appreciate the risk of fire.

    When the pack is finished, it tends to end up on the ground too. In other words, smokers are some of the most sociopathic polluting assholes on the planet! Ever have a look around a typical smoking area around, say, a public building? Butts everywhere, despite the usual presence of buttcans and ashtrays. They don't use them or need them, because they consider the world as their ashtray!

    When you smoke outside, you're so accustomed to the lack of an outdoor ashtray that you reflexively toss the butt on the ground. It's unfortunate.

    Fucking assholes! These people don't need a vaccine to deal with their smoking problem. They need a simple boot in the ass, or several hundred as the case may be, to teach them a much needed lesson about simple politeness and courtesy!

    I agree with the littering, but I wouldn't agree that smokers throw their empty packs or wrappers on the ground any more than the various sasquatches who throw gum wrappers and losing lottery tickets on the ground.

    The only way to address the butt litter will be to have more ashtrays in more public places, but that's not going to happen because of all the idiots who will say it encourages smoking. (Heh... looking at an ashtray always grosses me out; if anything, it's a deterrent.)

    All before even getting into the usual controversies about polluting the air that I have to breathe without my consent.

    Well, for the most part, it will only affect you in a bar or restaurant. Smoking in the workplace is essentially verboten now.

    Coping with it is very simple. If you don't like smoke, sit in the non-smoking section of that bar or restaurant. If they don't have a non-smoking section, go to a bar or restaurant which does.

    "Quitting smoking is easy; I have done it a thousand times." - Mark Twain.

    Smoking is:

    • extremely painful and difficult to quit
    • simultaneously a stimulant and a depressant
    • symptomatic of attention deficit disorder and almost as effective in the treatment of ADD/ADHD as Ritalin or dexedrine (talk to your doctor, don't start smoking for any reason)
    • beneficial in the prevention and control of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases (talk to your docto
    --
    Fire and Meat. Yummy.
  13. Re:Only a matter of time before it's mandatory by Red+Rocket · · Score: 2, Insightful


    Whatever happened to freedom?

    I'm all for your freedom to smoke whatever you want. I'm all against the tobacco corporations' freedom to sell a product that addicts people and kills 1200 of them each and every day. What kind of civilized society allows corporations to kill 1200 people a day? Even the 9/11 hijackers weren't that bloodthirsty.

    Stupid people make stupid things profitable.

    Exactly. Like smoking.

    --
    - Hail to our fearless misleader! Fool speed ahead!
  14. Re:Help by Red+Rocket · · Score: 2, Informative


    Bupropion. Manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. Also sold under the name Zyban.

    --
    - Hail to our fearless misleader! Fool speed ahead!
  15. Re:Only a matter of time before it's mandatory by Red+Rocket · · Score: 2, Insightful


    I'm all for the tobacco corporations' freedom to sell a product that addicts people and kills 1200 of them each and every day.
    I'm all against me having to pay for it in the form of medical expenses for cancer patients who have been life-long smokers, even though they KNEW it would cause cancer.


    Thanks for demonstrating the cold, hard, calloused heart of the modern laissez-faire capitalist.

    It's fine for a corporation to murderously addict an ignorant segment of the population to their product as long as they're making a profit on human suffering. But screw the victim of their criminal behavior who's only transgression against society was ignorance. Nice philosophy you got there.

    --
    - Hail to our fearless misleader! Fool speed ahead!