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Currency Detection Discovered in More Products
netbsd_fan writes "BUGTRAQ is reporting that anti-counterfeiting spyware is being found in more and more products. What is also interesting is that these products block fair uses of currency images which do not break the law. What incentive do printer manufacturers have to treat their customers like criminals? Is this a precursor to DRM in scanners, CD drives, and output devices?"
To: BugTraq
4 13 ,87~11271~1882929,00.html)
Subject: HP printers and currency anti-copying measures
Date: Jan 17 2004 5:10PM
Author: Richard M. Smith
Message-ID:
Hi,
Last week, the Associated Press reported that Adobe has incorporated
anti-copying technology in their Photoshop CS software which prevents users
from opening image files of U.S. and European currency. Here's the article:
Adobe admits to currency blocker
http://tinyurl.com/2xnno
(http://www.sanmateocountytimes.com/Stories/0,1
I did some investigating on my own computer and discovered that HP has also
been shipping currency anti-copying software in their printer drives since
at least the summer of 2002. I have an HP 130 photo printer and found the
string "http://www.rulesforuse.org" embedded in the driver.
According to a few newsgroup messages posted in 2002 and 2003, folks are
seeing this URL printed out when they attempt to print images of certain
types of bills. An HP printer with this anti-copying technology only prints
out an inch of a currency image before aborting the print job.
Here is a list of HP printers which appear to have this anti-copy technology
embedded in their Windows printer drivers:
HP 130
HP 230
HP 7150
HP 7345
HP 7350
HP 7550
I suspect the list of affected HP printers is much longer.
I located these printer drivers simply by searching all files in my Windows
and Program Files directories for the string "rulesforuse". If other folks
run this same experiment, please let me know of other programs which appear
to contain currency anti-copy technology.
There are some unanswered questions raised by this quiet effort by U.S. and
European governments to turn home computers into anti-counterfeiting "cops":
1. Besides graphic programs and printer drivers, what
other kinds of software is this currency anti-copy
technology being embedded in?
2. Are companies being required to include currency
anti-copying technology in their products? If not,
what incentives are being offered to companies to
include the technology on a voluntary basis?
3. Will future versions of this technology, "phone home"
to the rulesforuse.org Web site with details about
a violation of the currency copying rules? It would
be very easy to include an email address, name of the
image file, software version number, etc. embedded in
a URL to the rulesforuse.org when a violation has been
detected.
Richard M. Smith
http://www.ComputerBytesMan.com
'Go for the eyes, Boo, go for the eyes, aaarrrrrrrr!' -- Minsc
but could printer and scanner mfgrs unwittingly "aid and abett" counterfeiters? Therefore becoming liable? Or is there some "big brother" pressure being applied.
C|N>K
If they didn't DRM it, they could be found liable whn a counterfitter uses their programs to counterfit money.
Should there be an exemption for folks who have legitimate use? Sure. But it should be very limited. Just like in the old days, very few people had access to the template plates money was issued from, the ability to restrict people that would make money that would fool even a cursory glance is a good thing, not a bad thing
People Talking in Movie shows.. people smoking in bed.. people voting republican.. GIVE THEM A BOOT TO THE HEAD!
Is this a precursor to DRM in scanners, CD drives, and output devices?
...
I would say definitely yes.
Currency control is 'digital rights managment' on not just a government level, but also at The World Bank level, as well. Do not underestimate how significant this is!!
That this is now happening on a broad, industrial basis, means that it would've had to have been implemented at least 6 months to a year ago, as an initiative, and I think thats fairly concurrent with all the DRM/DMCA shenanigans which have been going through the American system since King Bush, El Fascisti, started signing parchment.
There can no longer be any doubt about the new order of the world. If governments such as that of America continue down the path they are on, then the world will be a very different place in a very short period of time.
The World Bank and IMF have very stringent doctrine regarding property and rights management in their slave^H^H^H^H^Hdebtor countries. Governments such as America are quite happy, given their financial situation, to bend over and let the rights fly
; -- the corruption of government starts with its secrets. a truly free people keep no secrets. --
Some people use their photo printers to make near duplicate dollar bills to put in vending machines and are then surprised when the secret service shows up at their door.
Counterfeiting (in any denomination) is a serious crime. One that is punishable by serving jail time in a federal penitentiary.
Actually, I've thought about this. I don't have complete information about the Eurion pattern, but if it's scalable to larger sizes, it could be interesting.
I was thinking of T-shirts with this design on them so that photographs of you (think driver's license, passport) can't be photocopied.
A little rubber stamp with this pattern on it so that you can copy-proof any document you want (do you want the IRS photocopying your 1040? Nah!)
Anyway, not terribly handy I admit, but a great way to wrench up the works.
Its a good point. I'd really like to know how to create an image which cannot be opened in Photoshop, legally. This could be a *significant* means of civil disobedience over this issue.
...
Hell, give me a 'no-open' watermark, and I'll go ahead and add it to -every- image I have write access to
; -- the corruption of government starts with its secrets. a truly free people keep no secrets. --
Everyone seems to be simultaneously jumping on this as some sort of attempt by Big Brother to usurp more of our rights. What rights are you losing besides the right to make crappy copies of currency? Is anyone reporting problems using products beyond copying currency?
Of all the ways citizens' rights are being raped by this administration, this effort to block the real problem of small-time counterfeiters ain't one of them.
I swear to God...I swear to God! That is NOT how you treat your human!
"Is this a precursor to DRM in scanners, CD drives, and output devices?"
Nope. It's a pre-emptive step to avoid government mandated DRM in scanners, CD drives, and output devices. If wide-spread counterfitting were to occur because one of these devices was capable of pulling it off, the manufacturer would be able to say "we took reasonable steps to avoid this." If they didn't do that, then the gov't would no doubt cook up its own solution to the problem. I am not a huge fan of this, I would rather these companies stay out of the legal cross-fire.
The United States is going to protect its currency very heavily. Don't provoke them by trying to circumvent this.
Absolutely.
A 14 year old kid at my little brother's high school is going to be in a youth camp until he's 21 because he made one sided photocopies of a $5 bill in the library and tried to buy a snack with it.
A life destroyed over $5.
Conformity is the jailer of freedom and enemy of growth. -JFK
Yes, but you fail to understand the purpose of this anti-copying feature. It isn't to make it impossible for determined criminals to copy currency, it's to make it difficult enough that only determined criminals will try.
The court system would be clogged with newbs and 'regular folk' who copied a few $20 and/or their 10 year old son did it.
By implementing a layer of 'prohibition' like this they filter those folks out, which means there will be more resources available to hammer hard on the people who need the hammering (the people conterfeiting on a large scale). Which is a good thing, unless you're some sort of fringe character who thinks counterfeiting is kewl.
---
What is also interesting is that these products block fair uses of currency images which do not break the law.
By using the term "fair uses" you seem to be trying to evoke copyright law. As far as I know, there is no copyright on currency images in the US because they are government publications (and, indeed, not really even "creative works" as required to be copyrightable). The issue is entirely with counterfeiting, obviously, which is actually a much more serious infraction.
Even if this were a copyright issue, no publisher of software is required to write software which enables you to fairly use their, or others', copyrighted material. There's really no legal issue here unless Adobe was forced by law to include this (they weren't)--it's just a matter of what Photoshop customers want, and what Adobe provides.
For my part, I enjoyed learning what those little yellow '20s' on the new series $20 bills are for, and so this whole ordeal was certainly worth it. =)
This has been going on for a long time. In fact, I had a Kodak color copier back in 1995 that did the same thing.
No reason to lie.
As a former photoengraver and member of the IPEU, now the GCIU, I can assure you that at one time it was illegal to make ANY kind of reproduction of American currency. The rules have now been relaxed a bit, but I personally would never do it. It's just too difficult to prove you weren't trying to counterfeit. My father worked with a fellow who claimed he was just "seeing if he could do it" after someone found a plate he left sitting in the water tank in the etching room overnight. He ended up with a long vacation to Leavenworth, Kansas. This is not a joke, and the Feds have no sense of humor about it at all.
"Is this Winkhorst a nova criminal?" "No just a technical sergeant wanted for interrogation."
My father is a copier salesman. The newer model copiers (color at least) won't let you copy currency. I think the first two times you try it will print out a black page and give you an error message about copying currency. If you try a third time the machine will lock down. To unlock it you need to get a service call from the manufacturer who will also notify the authorities.
Will printers be locked to Windows drivers, so that they only work with Windows? This might be justified as an "anti-counterfeiting" measure. Otherwise, there's an "open source hole" in the protection strategy.
Will generic printer drivers stop working? What about standalone printer spooling devices? Less-common operating systems?
Then came my first inkjet. The ink wasn't any cheaper back then, the resolution was about as crisp as a DMP, and it used a driver included with Windows 95.
A few inkjets later, the drivers had to be installed and the the bell and whistle feature creep was causing a noticable delay in the printer startup time.
Today the printers you buy require more hard drive space than Windows 95 ever used, they phone home as soon as they detect an internet connection, they won't let you use all the ink in a cartridge, they won't even let you use competitor's refills, they frequently break down (but it's more cost effective just to buy another one) and the one thing that still eludes all common sense:
They are still able to sell these pieces of crap at a higher rate today than any time before now.
You get what you deserve. If you (not just the stupid people, but all of you) continue to buy trash hardware, the manufacturers will continue to make more and more. In the long run it will only be cost effective for themselves - Not you - Themselves.
Sad to think that I threw away a couple of newer inkjets because of their short lived construction, but my ol' HP 500, Stylus 660, and that old DMP work just fine. Sure the color picture print-outs were pretty, but I didn't miss the bloatware headaches they caused.
Just stop buying crap, people. Make it a priority. Put it on your "to do" list. Give it a whirl. Don't just give it lip service. If you want to effect change, actually put your convictions into practice. Don't just mod my butt down because you think I'm being obnoxious. I'm making a valid point. It's not always palatable to hear the truth, but you need to start making more conscious efforts in your buying habits - Not the guy in the next cubical - YOU.
Looking up the powers of the Secret Service I found this:
What are the rules for the printing, publishing and illustrations of U.S. currency?
The Counterfeit Detection Act of 1992, Public Law 102-550, in Section 411 of Title 31 of the Code of Federal Regulations, permits color illustrations of U.S. currency provided:
1. the illustration is of a size less than three-fourths or more than one and one-half, in linear dimension, of each part of the item illustrated;
2. the illustration is one-sided; and
3. all negatives, plates, positives, digitized storage medium, graphic files, magnetic medium, optical storage devices, and any other thing used in the making of the illustration that contain an image of the illustration or any part thereof are destroyed and/or deleted or erased after their final use.
Title 18, United States Code, Section 504 permits black and white reproductions of currency and other obligations, provided such reproductions meet the size requirement. See Know Your Money for more information.
So basically, even if you did it once, you'd have to destroy your printer and delete any storage medium used to make it.
Secret Service wins, good game!
...yet. "spyware" is something that phones home. This just refers you to http://rulesforuse.org and refuses to print more than one inch of the currency printout. However (as was pointed out on BugTraq), the next version of the printer's drivers could easily be upgraded to the special spyware edition.
If you try a third time the machine will lock down. To unlock it you need to get a service call from the manufacturer who will also notify the authorities.
Sounds like it's time for a trip to the local Kinko's!
not sure what brand of copier but a Mid American Energy office in Souix City Iowa I believe was raided after someone tried to make a coppie of some dollar bill. The copiers not only watch for currency but they will fail to operate if someone attempts to copy the bill two or three times in a row. When a bill is placed on the bed, the copier gives some sort of error code. If it is repeated the machine shuts down and gives a code to call for servicing.
The service reps know that this code means dollar bill attempt and will notify the FBI.
At last year's CeBIT trade show there was a company selling paper they claimed could not be photocopied. It was about 50euros for a box of 25 sheets, or I'd have bought some (I'm going again this year, so if I see that booth again I'm buying a box). The pages appeared to be covered with pale yellow circles that would trigger the anti-currency algorithms in photocopiers. There was also some moire-pattern thin blue lines around the corners, very thin but probably enough to be picked up by the optics.
:-)
Supposedly the exact spacing and pattern of circles is trademarked and copyrighted. But I could see making it a watermark pattern for my important documents, but now I'll have to make sure I use a printer which doesn't have anti-currency technology. As a matter of fact, that would make a good test document to screw with sales droid's heads. Now I'll have to DL a pirate copy of photoshop CS so I can test the pattern and spacing
An even cooler application would be a rubber stamp with a pad of pale yellow ink that fluoresces. Stamp it all over documents you don't want government departments to easily photocopy. The circles would be almost invisible to the naked eye, the poor civil service drones would probably give up the case after a few attempts keep breaking their machines.
the AC
There goes my evening...
Hemos is like...sci-fi fans;he thinks technology is cool, but he hasn't bothered to understand the science it's based on
True criminals don't give a shit if Action X is illegal. They just do it.
Calling atheism and agnosticism a religion is like calling bald a hair color.
I remember about a decade ago, when Canon first began to challenge Xerox in the standalone copier market with new color copiers, the documentation described security features to prevent currency copying (colors would be rendered incorrectly or the copy would be otherwise unuseable).
So, this kind of thing is hardly new; perhaps the notable thing about it is that it wasn't possible or desireable with optical/film process that digital imaging is displacing or replacing.
Although the topic indicates it's not illegal to copy currency, that must be considered only true in a given jurisdiction (ie the US as indicated).
It is most certainly a crime to depict or reproduce any valid currency in Canada, and it's not limited to same-size or color reproduction either.
I'm sure many nations have prohibitions to copying or depicting currency.
five small circles in a particular configuration
But, there must be more. Photoshop CS won't open a scan of the front of a new US $20, either. I can't find the pattern of circles there anywhere.
I had this discussion over Christmas. A friend of mine's wife has been a bank teller for several years. They get lots of training on this sort of thing.
They're not supposed to take bills like the ones you describe -- with the ends ripped off. That scam is decades old. Of course, some most certainly do, but they aren't supposed to. There are a few other things that tip them off, too. I can't remember a lot of them now, but if they're busy a lot of it just slides by.
Learning HOW to think is more important than learning WHAT to think.
That's just it. Whoever gets stuck with a bad twenty is left holding the bag. We live in a world where scanners/printers are lightyears improved over what we had a couple years ago, and they continue to improve.
What this is designed to do is prevent the "casual counterfeiter" from being in business. Like the teenager who decides that he needs an extra "allowance" and prints off a couple of twenties. Before you know it all his freinds at school are doing it, and then their friends etc. etc.
Then there is a guy that decides that he'll just one off a twenty for dinner (as it's not going to hurt anybody). Human nature being what it is, he sees how easy it is and decides to "stick it to the government for all the bad things that it has done". So he prints out a hundred 20s next weekend.
Then you have those governments that are "hostile" to the US and decide to set up warehouses of printers churning out money so they can finance their terrorists activities against the US.
Before you know it you have a nation of counterfeiters and a destroyed currency. This means that the government has to issue a national id card for electronic cashless transactions. Privacy becomes zilch, as you have merchants refusing to accept cash (like many do not accept checks now (and this is increasing too)) because it's all counterfeit.
I do not see this stopping somebody from making a copy of something. If an artist needs an image of currency, I suggest that they become "old school" and pull out the pens and pencils and do a JS Boggs and draw one.
I am not a conspiracy theorist. I also enjoy the anonymity that paying with cash has to offer. But if copying money at home becomes easy then everybody starts doing it. Look at the history of our own money to see that this could happen. It would be history repeating itself. I would rather inconvenience the artist (and that's all this is, an inconvenience) than being forced with a national cash/id card.
Take the cheese to sickbay, the doctor should see it as soon as possible - B'Elanna Torres, "Learning Curve"
The Secret Service believes that its primary enforcement jurisdictions will only increase in significance in the 21st Century. For this reason, the Secret Service has adopted a proactive approach to monitor the development of technology and continue to use it in the interest of federal, state, and local law enforcement.
No, its fucking stupid. Another waste of time and money.
If I intend to reprint money on your printers, you don't think I can update the firmware? (lets also remember all jobs are inside jobs)
Oh, excuse me! Printers are too cheap to have firmware anyway, its all in the drivers. CUPS anyone?
Not in Australia. Why? I'm glad you asked: It's because our money is made from plastic.
then you have obviously never worked in a mall at christmas. people at the front of a line which stretches from the back of the store to the front hand you piles of mangled bills. you will not notice until you sort your drawer at midnight that one of these bills has washington in the middle and $20 at the four corners. they don't try this on a wednesday morning in june, though. money changers spend hours practicing their various scams. clerks usually get fooled badly once, then never again.
A couple of years ago Wired ran an article on amateur counterfeiting. It turns out that hundreds of kids nationwide independently came to the conclusion that it would be hillarious to run off piles of $20 bills with their new printers and hand them out in their local communities, absolutely unaware how serious a crime this is in the United States.
Federal agencies that had budgets to justify and headlines to make prosecuted these kids to the fullest extent of the law, which meant years of imprisonment and enormous fines. Most of these kids were devastated, and rarely did the feds care that this was petty crime and the kids would be better off with a slap on the wrist and the parents sternly scolded.
So consider this; these anti-conterfeiting features aren't even going to put a dent into the plans of real counterfeiters, but it may hamper Little Timmy enough that he loses interest in rolling off some bills and returns to his regularly scheduled youthful destructive activities like flaming bags of poo and toilet papering houses.
By taking the amateurs out of the marketplace, the feds can't go after the easy stupid prey anymore. The little punks will turn to other petty crime so that your locally appointed authorities can deal with them, while the feds stay out of your neighborhood since they're focusing on the large-scale professional counterfeiters.
It's a stretch, but considered this way, Adobe et al. are promoting states rights.
:: ~ you can't photocopy currency on photocopiers. They just come out black.
: ~ That is an urban legend.
Some currencies simply do not photocopy. Not because of what the photocopier manufacturer has put in to the copier machine but because of the limitations of the technology.
Do you ever remember news readers wearing stripey shirts or ties and they'd flicker on the screen because of the interlace effect. Something similar with photocopiers happens - the detail is too fine for the scanners to pick up and they get it messed up.
About 15 years ago I did a project at school on the security features of Bank of Scotland notes and it was quite amazing. Under an ultra-violet light a hidden thistle (the national flower of Scotland) would illuminate. The metal strip through the note weaved between the front and back. The pattern of the weave was morse code for B.O.S. The picture was made up of hundreds of lines swirling like the contour lines on a map (if you take a powerful magnifying glass you'll see that the lines are not solid but made up of the words "Bank Of Scotland" in a minute font.
The original posters comments about Bank of England notes photocopying black in a photocopier may be correct. I vaguely remember something about a coating they put on notes in England that absorbs certain frequencies of light. Under a UV lamp the note goes very dark whereas if you take normal paper it goes very bright because of the bleach they put in the paper.
So, although I've never tried it I would suspect that it is not possible to photocopy a BofE note.
In all this conversation were missing an important fact. That is, that there is a serious problem with casual counterfeitting of currency. In the U.S., most currency actually passed is now produced on color printers and copiers. While such copies are easy to identify, they are usually passed in situations where they will not receive much scrutiny. That is, in low light situations where the cashier is in a hurry, like in a bar or at a concert. Usually the cashiers don't care that much, since they aren't the one who's out the money when a fake comes in -- except at places like electronics stores that have more exposure and so train their cashiers better. By the time the counterfeit is found, the doer is long gone and so the business ends up just getting screwed. They don't have any recourse. Now, the counterfeitting laws and the whole enforcement system is predicated upon the idea that fakes can't be produced without substantial upfront effort. The print-on-demand nature of this type of counterfeitting makes prosecution tricky. With offset counterfeits, there are multiple people involved. There are resources to get, cameras, plate burners, presses, paper, ink, and all these attract attention. Computer-produced fakes aren't like that. There's no evidence except perhaps what forensic analysis can turn up on the hard drive. The presence of counterfeits detracts from the widespread acceptance of currency. Since currency is the only practical anonymous means of payment, those of us who value our privacy would do well to support measures that keep currency practical. Now, the anticopying measures in the printers are, as far as anyone has been able to tell, a voluntary measure on the part of the manufacturers. Good for them. It is one of only two good choke points for the problem, the other being to have cashiers check in detail for things like watermarks. Is it a form of DRM? Not really, since it is wholly unrelated to copyright law, and since there is no digital distribution of the "content" in the first place. What are the implications for open source? None. Open source systems could include such measures and may do so in the fullness of time. Just because it can be disabled by the knowledgeable makes no difference. When the day comes when 90% of the desktops have an open source operating system and desktop suite, most of the user base will have no idea how to make such changes.
There's nothing sinister about photocopiers not copying currency. I've read in the past that the paper and/or its coatings (at least for US currency) are designed to absorb light in the spectrum that photocopiers use. If nothing gets reflected by the money back to the copier, the copier just sees black.
Your run of the mill photocopier doesn't have the smarts to do that kind of image analysis processing (yet).
Now... I'm waiting for some graphic artist types to start filing suit on First Ammendment grounds. But seeing as we're well on our way to destroying that, who knows...
I thought it would be a good idea for currency to have features designed to throw off scanners and printers. The first would be a set of converging lines at a small angle, like a horizonal line that intersects a diagonal line one one end and is seperated by 1/4 inch on the other end. Another idea is to have several square fields each filled with close set parallel lines. Each field would be rotated slightly from the one next to it, so if you squint at the bill, they will all look a uniform grey, but if you copy it, the raster pattern should be evident and result in a checkerboard or some other pattern.
JET Program: see Japan, meet intere