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NIST Releases Guide to Cyber Attacks

Posted by CowboyNeal on from the get-a-security-plan dept.

treerex writes "NIST (the US National Institute of Standards and Technology) has just released a 148 page report entitled Computer Security Incident Handling Guide (PDF). It covers the gamut, from setting up a response team to dealing with specific types of attacks: DoS, trojans, worms, malicious code, and unauthorized access. While written by a team from NIST and the contractor Booz-Allen Hamilton (BAH), they appear to have taken input from CERT and luminaries like Spafford. It is an interesting read."

38 of 126 comments (clear)

  1. Are these all the attacks? by ObviousGuy · · Score: 2, Interesting

    So we establish "standard procedures" to deal with a standard gamut of attacks. That's great.

    Are we so naive to believe that following such advice will make us secure?

    --
    I have been pwned because my /. password was too easy to guess.
    1. Re:Are these all the attacks? by ElGnomo · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I would think that if the majority of people did something so simple as to patch their machines, worms would posed half the threat they do now. So, yes, Education is a simple but effective measure to combat security exploits.

    2. Re:Are these all the attacks? by mefus · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Are we so naive to believe that following such advice will make us secure?

      I don't think you could have read the article in the time it took to make your condemnation of its intentions.

      I see only good things coming out of this. Especially in comparison to the SOP up until now. There is no accepted standardized stance but what is (probably) being proposed in this document. Publishing this is a positive step in that direction. It appears (based on a cursory glance through the contents) to be focused on incident response, but in that direction also lies the experience to foresee future events, and taking the appropriate action to forestall them.

      --
      mefus
      In Open Society, GPL Software frees YOU!
    3. Re:Are these all the attacks? by Davak · · Score: 5, Funny

      They also have a 1-800 number.


      Thank you for calling the US National Institute of Standards and Technology Security Hotline.

      Please say "HOLA" now if you espanol...

      Otherwise please select one of the following selections dealing with your security problem.

      Press 1 if you have suffered a DOS attack
      Press 2 if your network has been infected with a worm
      Press 3 if your site is being slashdotted
      Press 4 if 13 year olds have defaced your web site
      Press 5 if you are running windows as your server

      Press 666 if you are a missle silo control room and have realized that someone has gained root or administrative access on your control system

      Have a nice day.

    4. Re:Are these all the attacks? by wwest4 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      right on. currently, in the real world, if there is no procedure then things are only done if they are "business critical." most suits think that security events are unlikely, so that means security is low-prio. Most IT depts since the tech bubble popped are no longer autonomous. They are low on cash, low on available man-hours, and tied into caring more about the company's core business in terms of cash out, and risk management be damned. with an SOP, the cost and effort are easier to nail down, it's a slightly easier sell, and any sysadmin worth his salt will at least try to sneak some of it into the day-to-day.

      another thing - the idea that uniform SOP means that things will be easier to hack is pure bullshit - what would anyone recommend to the unwashed vulnerable? Maybe it would sound like this:

      - run only necessary services
      - audit and change your passwords
      - follow security news and patch accordingly
      - use virus protection
      - consider an IDS
      etc.

      sounds a hell of a lot like best practices / standard procedure to me. and NONE of that shit makes it "easier to hack." sheesh.

    5. Re:Are these all the attacks? by Flower · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Wow! Who would ever think that there should be a methodology for dealing with security incidents? We should all just run around and do our own thing and, of course, the problem will be resolved. And when we catch the guy, our lack of methodology will ensure that any evidence we acquire will be usable in court.

      I'm just going to leave it at that. Anything else is just going to be a derogatory rant. IHBT HAND

      --
      I don't want knowledge. I want certainty. - Law, David Bowie
  2. Interesting! by dot-magnon · · Score: 5, Interesting

    This might be unnescessary for "professionals", people who know these things from before and work with it. But for the average sysadmin, this is just great! He/she could know how to:

    1. Find out what happened
    2. Close the breach
    3. Report the breach.

    If the sysadmin doesn't know how to do this, they also know where to seek help.

    I'll probably get messages back saying this is just dumb and generic, but it's better than not knowing anything at all. A lot better. All too few people know how to handle situations like this, and they will need somewhere to start.

    I'll give this thing a skim read (just read contents and some interesting paragraphs now) and get back to this ;)

    1. Re:Interesting! by dot-magnon · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Oh, and I forgot - policy creation. Too many networks out there have zero security policy or a very bad existing one. This leads to a series of opportunities for intruders, and if these basic flaws are closed, they've taken a big step forward in securing their networks.

    2. Re:Interesting! by randyest · · Score: 4, Informative

      As you will no doubt glean if you read the document completely, there are a lof of "Oh, and I forgot"'s in order -- that's why they made the doc and, presumably, why it's posted here. So, please hold the preemptive (and thus incomplete) summary. It's useful info for us all to read.

      Then again, looks like all the other threads below are mired in conversations about nukes, Amerika-bashing, and other offtopic stuff, so at least you're on topic.

      --
      everything in moderation
    3. Re:Interesting! by zensufi · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Exactly! It's like U.S. Army Manuals. They are very bland, general procedures for any platoon to follow to do things that a Green Beret team could do fluidly and efficiently without even thinking about it. They aren't written for the elite though, they are written for the common man.

      "What are the basic things I should do in this particular situation?"

      The idea is to write something that someone of an IQ of 100 can understand and implement without causing too many problems. Someone in another thread made a comment about how this might cause increased security risk because people will know the defenses against any possible attack. This is obviously not true. Any cracker will know anyway what the basic defenses are, and a good system admin will be flexible enough that this will not be a problem.

      --
      I have two eyes, I have two feet.
  3. IJDE by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    The International Journal of Digital Evidence is also worth keeping up with, if this type of stuff interests you.

  4. Gleam Something From This by munch0wnsy0u · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Beyond the typical vapid governmental reports, this is a step in the right direction. Anything to create a buzz around security, especially computer security, will serve the public well. This is what needs to happen: standardization. The government has done a commendable job in creating standards for dealing with national security - why not extend that to computer security. All these posts that do nothing to note the fact that this is a good thing don't see past the .gov TLD

  5. BAH? by J3zmund · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Not too long ago, they were in hot water with the US Navy for letting some websites get hacked by leaving the default admin passwords in place. No joke, my friends work there!

    --

    It's all Hood
    1. Re:BAH? by adrianbaugh · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Don't base your view of them on one incident (or group of related incidents). It seems quite possible for a security consultancy to be really hot on security but initially screw up their personnel procedures so that they accidentally hire a monkey. If the person responsible was either clued up or fired, and hiring policies tightened so that kind of dumbness wasn't repeated (and more importantly if the problem itself was fixed in a professional, timely manner) then I'd be inclined to give them once more chance. Of course, if it was just one in a great long series of screw-ups then my opinion would be rather different...

      --
      "'I pass the test,' she said. 'I will diminish, and go into the West, and remain Galadriel.'"
      - JRR Tolkien.
    2. Re:BAH? by J3zmund · · Score: 2, Informative

      Well, the original server-sitter left BAH before the break-ins occured. His position prior to building and maintaining webservers for a DoD contractor was dog-walker (no, seriously, he walked dogs for a living).

      The people who took over his position didn't change the passwords. They have since been re-educated about security and best-practices. Nothing confidential was on the servers in question, but it looked bad for their web-team here in San Diego.

      --

      It's all Hood
  6. No...It's FOR federal agencies by waferhead · · Score: 4, Informative

    The fact that the guvmint machines are the easy targets is apparently the point.

    This if for federal agency use, and anyone elses.

    This also effectively says "You WILL do it like this" to the federal agencies.

    There will be a quiz.

  7. Corporate Incident Response Checklist by Jonathan+Quince · · Score: 5, Funny

    Guide for Sysadmins: Upon learning that your systems have been penetrated, proper incident response is as follows:

    1. Scream. Hold head between hands and moan.
    2. Check passport, one-way tickets to South American country of choice. Express relief that the emergency escape kit is still operational.
    3. Remember advising boss to recind deparmental policy of secure sticky-note-on-the-monitor storage for passwords. Recall boss' gales of laughter in response. Take hefty swig of Jack Daniel's.
    4. Remember advising boss to please not open random e-mail attachments. Recall boss' blank stare in response. Suck on barrel of .357 revolver for 5 minutes or until sufficiently calmed down.
    5. Remember pleading with boss to allow filtering executable attachments. Recall boss' response. Almost pull trigger.
    6. Resist urge to yank server out of rack and dump out nineth-story window.
    7. Advise boss of break-in. This starts the long chain of blame-passing that ends when the CEO sacks 5 random people in middle management and below.
    8. Sit back and watch the spin machine start the vital post-incident response protocol of figuring out who might know what happened and silencing them.
    9. ???
    10. Profit!
    --
    Microsoft Windows is, fittingly, the official Desktop OS of Olig
  8. Re:Why? by ryanr · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I haven't been able to read the report yet, but the government often employs really smart people to produce some excellent information on information security, which they then ignore.

  9. Does it say... by Black+Parrot · · Score: 5, Funny


    ...what to do in case of a Slashdotting?

    --
    Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
  10. Looks like the Democrats could do with reading it by myowntrueself · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Major hack attack on the U.S. Senate

    --
    In the free world the media isn't government run; the government is media run.
  11. Text Version by Hal+The+Computer · · Score: 3, Informative

    You're going to need a text editor that supports lines longer than 80 charachters, but if you have one, I've made a decent zipped text file from the PDF for people with slow connections. As always NO WARRENTY WHATSOEVER.
    Computer Security Incident Handling Guide.zip (113K) (zipped text file)

    --

    int main(void){int x=01232;while(malloc(x));return x;}
  12. A good idea by unstable23 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I think it's actually a good use of taxpayer money, which is the first time that I've said that in public.

    If nothing else, it provides a good framework to start from, especially small companies/non-profits etc, where they don't have the resources to hire a full-time crack security team. This helps them set priorities and useful business things like that.

    I'm really quite surprised people are being negative about it.

    1. Re:A good idea by thedillybar · · Score: 2, Insightful
      If you're employed by the IT industry, you should support taxpayer money being spent in the IT industry.

      After all, the government isn't just taking taxpayers money and spending it. They're taking our money and then giving it back to us (once we work for it).

      Either they spend it on cool reports like this, or they spend it on something else and it goes to somebody else. Not only is it financially supporting the industry, it's also providing us with some useful information.

  13. Why is it? by treerex · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I don't understand why people immediately dismiss a report coming from NIST as being worthless USG noise while many of the same "arguments" against this paper could be made against books like Incident Response: Investigating Computer Crime or Counter Attack or any of the other n+1 books on this topic that exist.

    Harumph.

  14. Re:Does it say... (Simpsons sig) by jatencio · · Score: 2, Informative

    How come Homer and Krusty look like clones?

    I think Homer and Krusty look a like because originally, the Simpson's premise was about a boy who hated his father but was in awe with a clown who looked exactly like his father. Thus they look a like.

  15. Issues on accuracy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    I can tell that certain parts of the document were not written by people who have actually done the work. For example, a portion of it talks about write-protection software. Unfortunately it is in the wrong section where they talk about a live response. I'd love to see them apply a write protection device on an active Windows system!

    Typical Booz-Allen crud. We hated these guys when I worked in the gov. Our command once paid over 250k for a 2" high report that simply re-hashed the interviews they conducted.

  16. Re:7.2.2 INCIDENT PREVENTION by swordgeek · · Score: 2, Insightful

    People who know what they're talking about.

    Egress filtering. Application-level firewalls. This is EXACTLY what they exist for.

    --

    "People who do stupid things with hazardous materials often die." -- Jim Davidson on alt.folklore.urban
  17. Speaking of Spafford.... by securitas · · Score: 3, Informative


    ... Here's an interview with Gene Spafford in two parts that outlines a lot of the issues that he's concerned with. It provides some background and insights into some of the thinking behind the guide. I found his views on the purpose of security technology especially interesting and somewhat unexpected. The same goes for his indirect criticism of Microsoft.

    Description courtesy of Bruce Schneier's Crypto-gram:

    Long and interesting interview with Gene Spafford, about the infosec threat landscape; privacy; the challenges of digital certificates, CRLs, public key infrastructure standards and interoperability; key escrow, backup and recovery; identity fraud; trust on the Internet; and the problems of security education today. Sample quote: "Security doesn't work as an add-on. It really needs to be built-in from the beginning."
  18. Limit outbound encrypted traffic? Damn straight! by Nonesuch · · Score: 4, Interesting
    "... Consider limiting outbound connections that use encrypted protocols, such as SSH, HTTPS, IPsec. Permitting unncessary encrypted connections may allow users to perform actions that security controls cannot monitor. For example, a user could establish a SSH connection to an external server and download illegal materials; because the connection is encrypted, network security controls would not determine the nature of the activity. Possible methods for limiting the traffic include firewall rulesets and URL filtering..."

    Who the hell wrote this crap?

    Apparently, somebody who knows how smart slacker geeks get their porn, and wants to put a stop to it.

    No really, blocking SSH/ESP and tracking HTTPS is a reasonable suggestion -- if anything, I'd say the above doesn't go far enough. The excerpted paragraph doesn't mention the more serious risks of SSH (port forwarding, tunneling, etc).

    I'm not particularly worried about a smart internal user establishing an SSH session to the Internet and downloading "illegal materials",

    I'm worried about the airhead secretary who brings in a floppy provided by her uberhacker boyfriend, and runs a rootkit, setting up an outbound SSH session providing him with a command prompt on her workstation...

    That's just one risk of permitting outbound crypto channels...

    --

    I do not deploy Linux. Ever.
  19. Re:DoS, trojans, worms, malicious code.... by LucidityZero · · Score: 2, Informative
    Why don't companies really concerned about security simply disconnect

    Ummm... They do. If you've ever worked anywhere involving classified information, you'd know that EXTREME measures and controls are normally in place in order to completely eliminate possible bleeding between classified and unclassified networks...

    --
    Sig.i>
  20. There's one HUGE thing missing here. by Dolemite_the_Wiz · · Score: 2, Insightful

    A section on telling organizations to test the policies and procedures that are put into place to work out any kinks in detection and reporting.

    If you put all these policies, processes, and procedures into place and don't have a Mock intrusion or emergency, you won't know how good or bad your incident response will be.

    Dolemite
    ____________________

    --
    Save the World! Use a Quote!
    1. Re:There's one HUGE thing missing here. by Antibozo · · Score: 2, Informative

      Page ES-4:

      Practicing the handling of large-scale incidents through exercises and simulations on a regular basis; such incidents happen rarely, so incident response teams often lack experience in handling them effectively.

      See also appendix B, "Incident Handling Scenarios".

  21. Re:Limit outbound encrypted traffic? Damn straight by js7a · · Score: 2, Informative
    No really, blocking SSH/ESP and tracking HTTPS is a reasonable suggestion -- if anything, I'd say the above doesn't go far enough.

    Reasonable? Pointless.

    Applications which tunnel through the HTTP application layer (not just SSH o port 80) using fully obscured forms encryption are prevalent and readily available to the non-technical PC user. Such applications are very popular in Saudi Arabia and China, for example. Primarily because there are, at this time, no proxies capable of blocking them.

    And as soon as such proxies appear, the HTTP application layer tunnels will go polymorphic in their protocols. There is no hint of evidence that the proxies have any chance of keeping up.

    It is well-known to the steganography community that any open channel, even email, are insecure. Unless such channels are closely monitored by a professional cryptographer, there is no chance that they can reliably be monitored to prevent unfriendly traffic.

  22. application-level firewalls are pointless by js7a · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Egress filtering. Application-level firewalls. This is EXACTLY what they exist for.

    Sadly, they exist more to make a quick buck by giving ignorant admins a false sense of security.

    Transports which tunnel through the HTTP application layer (not just SSH on port 80) using fully obscured forms of encryption are prevalent and readily available to the non-technical PC user. Such applications are very popular in Saudi Arabia and China, for example, primarily because there are presently no proxies capable of blocking them.

    As soon as such proxies appear, the HTTP application layer tunnels will implement polymorphic protocols. There is no hint of evidence that the proxies have any chance of keeping up.

    It is well known in the steganography community that any open channel, even email, is transparently insecure. Unless such channels are closely monitored by a professional cryptoanalyst, there is no chance that they can reliably prevented from carrying unwanted traffic.

    1. Re:application-level firewalls are pointless by pacman+on+prozac · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Not really, no security measure is absolute, i.e. no single step will guarantee absolute security.

      Tunnelling over HTTP is only useful if the remote system is capable of stripping HTTP headers then forwarding the data to the desired service, you couldn't connect direct to an ssh server like that. Setting this up is a bit beyond "the non-technical PC user", although its certainly not an impossible task. It would stop 99% of people right there.

      HTTP application layer firewalls are not just used for blocking outgoing stuff, you can run them infront of webservers to protect against a variety of exploits/overflows. I'd say application layer firewalls are incredibly useful for this, being able to block attacks by signature/regexp before they even reach the servers is not something to be sniffed at.

      I'd hardly say the stenographic community is made up of average "non-technical" PC users either. You are quite correct that HTTP filtering in itself is not a means to absolute security, but you're underestimating it as a useful layer to add to your security.

  23. Encyrpted communication. by Fzz · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Allowing encrpyted communication with untrusted hosts is rather like meeting a stranger in a dark alley; whatever happens there won't be any witnesses.

  24. Better send this to the Democrats by claytongulick · · Score: 2, Funny

    Whats the standard response to republicans peeping at your internal files?

    --
    Drinking habits can be dangerous. You can choke on the cloth and the nuns will wonder where their clothes are.
  25. It's simple but that's what you need. by gelfling · · Score: 2, Informative

    While you all give mad props to each other about how much you know and how silly this is, there really are thousands of admins and others who need to be told to scratch their ass with THIS finger. Whether it's institutional paranoia, fear or lack of knowledge, skill or training - most of the problems we experience out there are easily preventable if someone enforced it, someone audited it, someone got educated in it or someone was simply TOLD to do it.