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Open Source: Facts and Figures

Eloquence writes "Much of the debate about GNU/Linux and open source is dominated by rhetoric rather than facts. David Wheeler has just released a new version of his "paper" (which, at 440,000 characters, is more of an e-book now) 'Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS)? Look at the Numbers!'. According to David, this paper 'examines market share, reliability, performance, scalability, security, and total cost of ownership. It also has sections on non-quantitative issues, unnecessary fears, OSS/FS on the desktop, usage reports, other sites providing related information, and ends with some conclusions.' May come in handy when talking to your boss about Linux."

35 of 199 comments (clear)

  1. good... by Bin_jammin · · Score: 5, Insightful

    this seems like something that needs the "validation" of print. It would make for a very informative read, clear up a lot of misconceptions, and not suffer from the "I read it on the internet" stigma. People are more likely to believe something if it doesn't glow when they read it.

  2. At the end of the day... by angst7 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I dont need 440,000 words, and neither do most others. I use Linux because it makes me feel happy. And I feel like I'm in control.

    That said, kudos to the wordy crowd too.

    --
    StrategyTalk.com, PC Game Forums
    1. Re:At the end of the day... by nkh · · Score: 3, Insightful

      A few days ago, I would have said that Linux is good and makes you happy. I'm installing Linux from scratch right now, I'm having fun (playing Solitaire while compiling is great) but I'm actually learning what and how is an OS supposed to work inside!! Even if you program with the Win32 APIs, you can't learn anything from it.

    2. Re:At the end of the day... by Waffle+Iron · · Score: 5, Insightful

      There are plenty of people who are clever enough to have found something that makes them feel happy and pay the bills at the same time. It's not an either/or situation.

  3. No usability or features? by Kenja · · Score: 4, Insightful
    "this paper 'examines market share, reliability, performance, scalability, security, and total cost of ownership'."

    Cant help but notice that usability and features aren't listed. There's a reason I still use Photoshop. Its features and ease of use make it worth the price.

    --

    "Have you ever thought about just turning off the TV, sitting down with your kids, and hitting them?"
    1. Re:No usability or features? by joshmccormack · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Usability is very subjective, and often times addresses how fast you can get productive with something familiar, not how productive you can be with some experience.

      Features is slightly more relevant. But what these things both point to is there isn't something exactly like Photoshop that runs natively in Linux.

      For some people it's a trade up. For you it may not be.

      If you are productive and familiar with a piece of software and can live with the drawbacks that it or the OS it's running on might bring along (security, stability, price, control, etc), then stay with what works.

    2. Re:No usability or features? by Spoing · · Score: 2, Insightful
      1. Cant help but notice that usability and features aren't listed.

      CEOs and CIOs don't care about usability beyond 'can we use it to do our jobs?' The other points the paper does cover answer that question.

      1. There's a reason I still use Photoshop. Its features and ease of use make it worth the price.

      What tools to use has a personal impact. It doesn't necessarily support the work being performed cross the company. (Photoshop, while not OSS, does run under Linux with Wine -- if not perfectly.)

      --
      A firewall can not protect you from yourself. Turn off what you do not need. Do not use the firewall to do your work.
    3. Re:No usability or features? by Kenja · · Score: 2, Insightful
      "Best guess I can make is that "usability" and "features" are too subjective to comment on. At least with the other categories, you can generate some hard numbers based on records and tests instead of opinions."

      In my opinion TCO is also subjective.

      --

      "Have you ever thought about just turning off the TV, sitting down with your kids, and hitting them?"
  4. Open source is great and all... by scaaven · · Score: 4, Insightful
    but where is the financial incentive for programmers? I love open source, and even though programmers contribute to the greater good of the world, how do you survive? I guess it's just one of those questions I never really got.

    I work in a small medical device company writing java, and I could not imagine them using my software for free -- I need to eat too.

    --
    I know I'm going to be modded up on this
    1. Re:Open source is great and all... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      F/OSS software is usually subsidized by other paying jobs. During the day, most work at a paying job, frequently a closed source project, and when not at work, they contribute to F/OSS. Most programmers couldn't (and wouldn't) survive only by doing F/OSS.

    2. Re:Open source is great and all... by prostoalex · · Score: 3, Insightful

      but where is the financial incentive for programmers?

      There's none. You can tout open source and hide large system integration bill (also known as IBM way), since rarely an open source package works out of the box.

      Or you can tout open source and hide the support bill (the RedHat way), and make money on support.

      Few of the billable hours generated here are development work, most of it is IT and support.

    3. Re:Open source is great and all... by five18pm · · Score: 3, Insightful

      So true, unless your project becomes famous, you have no scope for earning money. Have-a-day-job still holds for most of the open source developers.

    4. Re:Open source is great and all... by joshmccormack · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Some program for fun, or for the greater good. Some add or debug because it's no big deal and they just want it to work. Some solicit donations, some use it as a hook for work. Then of course, there's the fame, the free as in beer, and groupies.

    5. Re:Open source is great and all... by kfg · · Score: 5, Insightful

      . . .even though programmers contribute to the greater good of the world. . .

      And that is one of the often overlooked benefits of Open Source(tm) software, people actually will pay you to write it if it contributes to the greater good of the world.

      What they won't often do is pay you to write piece of uneeded and ill conceived piece of dreck just because the company needs something new to sell.

      YMMV, of course, but I don't enjoy tossing rocks over a wall then tossing them back again simply as an excuse to earn wages. I'd rather flip burgers than write that kind of software, because at least I'd be contributing the greater good. People have to eat. They don't have to have software that they only bought because some salesman who thinks he has to do it to eat convinces them they need it.

      There are better ways to run an economy than filching money from each other's pockets.

      And sometimes, here and there, people don't get to do what they want, but rather what is needed. Good people actually like it that way.

      KFG

    6. Re:Open source is great and all... by abreauj · · Score: 5, Insightful
      but where is the financial incentive for programmers? I love open source, and even though programmers contribute to the greater good of the world, how do you survive? I guess it's just one of those questions I never really got. I work in a small medical device company writing java, and I could not imagine them using my software for free -- I need to eat too.

      Think of programming as necessary infrastructure for a business, not as its core business. Businesses have a lot of costs that aren't related to the core business.

      For instance, employees need a place to park their cars when they come to work. Most businesses don't charge their employees to park; they don't consider the employee parking lot as a profit center. And yet, the people who build and maintain the parking lot have to eat too.

      Just because the business doesn't charge its employees money to park, doesn't mean the guy laying down the tar and painting the lines in the parking lot has to work for free. And just because the business makes its software open-source, doesn't mean the programmer that did the work-for-hire won't get paid.

    7. Re:Open source is great and all... by yamla · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The vast majority of software that is written (something around 80% based on number of lines of code written, though I don't have the reference for this figure readily at hand) is never released outside of the company. That is to say, it is for internal use.

      Provided you aren't releasing trade secrets, your company may see significant benefit to releasing this software. You were going to write it anyway, by releasing it perhaps someone else can improve it or send you bug fixes for free.

      So, you get paid because you are employed by your company. The company benefits with better quality software.

      No great secret, but something people tend to forget when they think of software programmers.

      --

      Oceania has always been at war with Eastasia.
    8. Re:Open source is great and all... by johnlcallaway · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The real answer to this is why did you get into the computer field.

      I got into computers back in the 70s because I loved computers and had natural talent. I often wrote code for friends and families for free because I enjoyed it. Even though I started out as an operator, I wrote code for my company to help automate simple processes.

      Later on I got a full time job writing NEAT/3 assembler and COBOL because one of the members of the local astronomy club was also a manager at a bank. I had written a simple mailing list system to automate our mailings and he knew I had at least some programming ability. Writing for OSS also brings you contacts and networking is more important than a resume if you are looking for a job.

      Working on things that you don't get to work on at your job teaches you new things. My bank employeer didn't use BASIC or FORTRAN. Helping out friends and families let me use those skills so later on when I went to get a new job, I could at a minimum list a passing knowledge of them.

      Who would you hire? Someone who has 3 years Java experience writing web applications, or someone who has the same 3 years experience but was also doing free side work for his local church, astronomy club, stock club, or writing drivers for Linux? I'll choose the second because it appears that they enjoy what they are doing and are probably not just in it for the money.

      And I will probably be willing to pay them a higher salary because they have a broader range of skills and possibly more self-motivation.

      --
      I rarely read replies, it's my opinion and if you thought about your opinion a little more, I'm OK with that.
  5. Yeah but... by PincheGab · · Score: 5, Insightful
    Much of the debate about GNU/Linux and open source is dominated by rhetoric rather than facts

    You'll have rhetoric as long as you allow people to make sense out of facts... For example, the same fact (let's say, "source code available to the world") can be interpreted two ways: "More secure because it has been scrutinized by all sorts of people" and "Less secure because it can be scrutinized by every possible hacker."

    What follows is the rhetoric...

  6. Re:why indeed by sqlrob · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So, try each on that 300 MHz 128 MB and see what is best.

    Most software I've seen on Windows severely underestimates "recommended", and I'm assuming Windows itself does the same.

  7. Why do people care so much? by BillFarber · · Score: 4, Insightful
    I use OSS and propietary software.
    I've developed both.
    I'm not a disciple of either.
    They both have their place.

    As a wise man once said, can't we all just get along?

    1. Re:Why do people care so much? by pete-classic · · Score: 2, Insightful

      By "wise man" you mean "felon?"

      But more on the point, I use Free Software exclusively (to the extent that it is within my control) for philosophical reasons. I think that those reasons should matter to you, so I do evangelize Free Software sometimes.

      What's wrong with that?

      -Peter

  8. OSS has definitely produced good language tools by ShatteredDream · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I can't even imagine where the web would be today without Perl, PHP and Python. Perl and Python are excellent CGI languages and PHP 5.0/5.1 is a great substitute for commercial products like ASP.NET in many cases. Small businesses and home users simply don't need all of the wiz bang features of something like ASP/JSP. OSS has definitely stepped in to provide a lot of power to the little guys who want it. Now Mono is rapidly becoming a viable alternative to Microsoft's .NET and Tomcat has been for a long time a very solid basis for J2EE web projects.

    But perhaps the best thing about OSS is that it has helped to return a bit of an "ownership society" to software development. The GPL despite its problems says that it doesn't apply to you if you are just a regular user who isn't going to modify the code and redistribute the changed binaries. For all intents and purposes, you "own" that code until you do something public with it that takes commercial advantage of it without meeting the GPL's requirements. That's a hell of a lot more property rights-centered than a typical industry EULA.

  9. Yes indeed... by Saeed+al-Sahaf · · Score: 3, Insightful
    People are more likely to believe something if it doesn't glow when they read it.

    This is true. If it doesn't come in an overpriced management tome or as a summary in some slick corporate rag, not only will the PHBs not believe it, they probably will not even read it.

    --
    "Who are in control, they are not in control of anything - they don't even control themselves!" - Glen Beck
    1. Re:Yes indeed... by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 4, Insightful

      This trend is changing, especially in light of the quick peer review that the Inet offers, and such scandals as the whole CBS faked document issue.

      Remember it took less than a day for REAL document experts to examine and expose the nature of those documents, while it took CBS nearly two full weeks to reach the same conclusion, with a certain person NEVER really able to admit that the documents are forged.

      Personally, I trust the INSTANT peer review of the Inet more than CBSNBCABCCNNFOXMSNBCNYTIMES .... combined. While some of the INFO on the Inet is wrong, it is easily verifiable with alternate resources.

      If your Boss is stil looking for documentation that filters through the publishing channels, then he/she is likely to miss the curve on important issues.

      If they really need a paper version, then PRINT one and hand it to them. Take it to Kinkos and have them Bind it nice and Professional. Help keep your boss on the curve.

      --
      Agent K: A *person* is smart. People are dumb, stupid, panicky animals, and you know it.
    2. Re:Yes indeed... by Jim_Maryland · · Score: 3, Insightful

      One must still consider the source of information. Taking what is written on the Internet as being accurate is naive. Some sources will be more trustworthy, but anyone can put up a web page with misleading information.

      As for the document, this will be handy for those companies where management does prefer the hard copy. For those a bit more comfortable with technology, the online review will work.

      That said, my company recently sent a message out indicating that the use of Linux is generally prohibited with only a few exceptions. This is primarily due to the legal issues surrounding IP claims in Linux. In my case, I doubt a hard/soft copy of this document will convince management to change until the legal issues are resolved.

  10. Why is open source usually about OS? by prostoalex · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The thing that gets me is how open-source vs closed-source debate is always OS-centric. True, you have Microsoft on one end and Linux OS family is one of the most succcessful open source products, but what's wrong with promoting open-source product on top of Windows platform?

    OpenOffice.org, Mozilla Firefox and many other products off the SourceForge.net have a Windows binary available for download. Windows itself provides great hardware support with almost anything imaginable out there, and has nice OS-level features like fast GUIs and built-in support for burning CDs and what not.

    If you look at a Linux box and a Windows box, the price difference from the vendor is generally $50-60. If you use the computer for 5 years, the cost of Windows is $10-12 a year. What's the incentive to go "free" and deal with ugly fonts, hardware issues and other problems related to Linux nowadays?

    Moreover, promoting open source on Windows nowadays would set the ground for switch to Linux in the future. Guess what - the aforementioned OO, Mozilla and other apps work exactly the same way either with Linux or Windows. Thus a switch to Linux later on would not require such huge re-education costs, since the user lives in app world, not in OS world, and doesn't care whether it's kernel32.dll or kernel.org latest version, that's running on his machine.

    1. Re:Why is open source usually about OS? by owlstead · · Score: 2, Insightful

      From the developers perspective starting with Linux makes lots of sense. The tools available to create open source software tend to be open source themselves. Not only open source, but freely available as well (just to make the distinction).

      Currently it would be very difficult to develop for the .NET platform using any reasonably priced packages. Reasonably priced compared to the amount of money you would like to make, that is.

      Currently I am using Java/Eclipse and I'm looking at SWT/HTML for my GUI needs. Since Eclipse is open source and free as well, it will be easy to run the software on any platform running Java and SWT. That means at least macosX, linux, solaris, Win32 and a few others. Without using *any* pirated software, which Windows (exclusive) programmers tend to use.

    2. Re:Why is open source usually about OS? by Mornelithe · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Of course I meant font rendering is better. When I go to Windows, the fonts on, say, my desktop look all blocky, and all the italics text on the Slashdot homepage (as another example) looks jagged and terrible. I've even tried fiddling with ClearType (even though I have a CRT monitor), but that doesn't look nearly as good as the anti-aliased fonts I use in Linux.

      Of course, you wouldn't be able to label my post "the most ridiculous on Slashdot" if you didn't assume the most unlikely meaning of my statement.

      Sure, I could use media player or Real player or something else free to burn my audio CDs in windows, but their interfaces don't compare to Nero or Alcohol or K3B. And I do need to burn images from time to time. So on Windows you need to pay or pirate (or I'd need to buy an entirely new drive to snag myself a new copy of Nero or something, but that's still an expense).

      I could go further with the WinTV example and say that in Windows, it used to hard-lock the machine when using video overlay so I had to use a last-time-I-checked discontinued display mode. However, I haven't tried it in a while, so they may have fixed it. That's Hauppauge's fault, largely, and TV cards are worse than sound cards for hardware conflicts from what I've seen.

      I could list other reasons Linux is better for me. The package managers often make finding and installing software easier (I don't need to search Tucows). Ruby always has new Linux versions before it has new Windows versions. And so on.

      --

      I've come for the woman, and your head.

  11. Damned Statistics by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Numbers exchanged among people are also rhetoric, though clever. Quantative selections and qualitative exaggerations are equally misleading. Debate, as opposed to argument (or mere contradiction, or being hit on the head), requires consensus on facts, or at least values and rationale in evaluating statements. Marketers don't care about consensus, and most purchasers/consumers have a catch-22 with consensus before decision. What really counts is results. Especially because the cost of the switch itself, between any platforms, is so high, only when the benefit of one over the other is easily demonstrable will enough people be convinced to matter.

    --

    --
    make install -not war

  12. HI, I'm an occasional open-source developer by temojen · · Score: 3, Insightful
    but where is the financial incentive for programmers?

    I work for a company whose business is not software. We need a webserver, operating system, database, etc.

    Sometimes, what comes in an open source package doesn't meet our needs, so I fix it. Sometimes I think others might want the same changes, so I submit them (like when I changed the behaviour of a device driver to be more configurable). Sometimes I don't think others would want the same changes, so I don't submit them (like when I made dbmmanage able to be called from a shell script).

    I get paid to solve my boss' technology problems. OSS is the most flexible way to do that.

  13. Re:why indeed by happyfrogcow · · Score: 3, Insightful

    compare ie to firefox (tho ff is much better), outlook to evolution, ms office to openoffice, the open source ones all take quite a bit longer to start

    let FF sit as close to the OS as IE and then compare. But wait, we don't want our apps that close to the OS because it's a bad idea.

    I'll trade good ideas for a 2 second startup cost.

  14. Open Source on Cell Phones by Edoko · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I recently upgraded my cell phone to a Nokia 6620. This rather amazing phone has several hundred dollars of commercial software "bundled" with it. Each one has a trial one time use, then a need to pay a license fee, which can be $15 to 20 dollars or more. This market [micro applications on mobile and wireless devices] is growing very rapidly. For example, many companies now are discovering that almost 1/2 of their *entire* data communications, networking, and telephone budget is going into mobile and wireless. My question is what is the status of open software development for these new platforms? There surely is a great deal of money to be saved.

  15. Re:why indeed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Precisely. You're using a hardcore, ultra-tweakable knowledge-essential distro with a tiny, ultra bare-bones window manager. It's bound to be faster.

    The issue is that to run a friendly desktop Linux distro with a flexible and powerful UI, you need more than Windows. Otherwise it'll be a lot slower.

    And the Linux community REALLY needs to start considering this fact.

  16. Re:why indeed by alan_dershowitz · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Read the original post to understand why. It was complaining that Linux distros listed higher system requirements than Windows XP, which listed 300Mhz as it's requirement. Your parent post said "try it in a 300Mhz.", knowing full well that Linux distros are more honest about their requirements than Microsoft. I have personally run Red Hat Linux just fine on a 486SX-25Mhz, so I can attest to this.

    And anyway, I have three 500Mhz machines sitting around. They would all make a perfectly usable desktop under Linux. Why? That's 350 dollars I don't have to chuck in the dumpster for something I don't need. 350 dollars is still a lot of money where I come from.

  17. Re:-2 FUD on the MQR standard by MarkusQ · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I'm not in the legal department so all I can go off of is that the email the company sent out mentioned the SCO/IBM case. I'd guess the legal risk (at least one example) is that SCO does prove that their IP is in Linux.
    If true, you need to get better lawyers. The fact that party A has filed a suit against party B does not automatically mean that you are at risk, even if you use the product in question. Do your lawyers tell you to turn off all your lights when someone sues the a utility company somewhere? Do they tell you to stop eating fast food any time someone sues McDonalds?

    More to the point, do they tell you to stop using MS Windows everytime someone sues Microsoft?

    I didn't think so.

    As I mentioned before, no matter how much we want it not to be true, the issue is a risk until it is resolved.
    *laugh* That's right out of the astro-turfer's handbook.

    First of all, there's no "we" here--unless you happen to be an editor or a king of something.

    Secondly, my argument about the implausibilty of SCO's case holding water had nothing to do with what "we" want or don't want. They have been ordered by a federal judge to produce evidence to back up their claims (evidence that they stated publicly that they had over a year ago). They have failed to produce even one single example of their copyrights being violated by linux, dispite the fact that they have had several years and many millions of dollars to search for one. It isn't a matter of what "we want to be true" it is a matter of drawing reasonable conclusions from facts that are part of the public record.

    What legal risks are you claiming linux raises that (for example) MS Windows does not?

    Even if the legal risk are raised by MS, that doesn't mean that the risk aren't real.

    Nice dodge. Let me say it more plainly: if you are going to worry about nebulous hypothetical infringements of IP in using linux, why aren't you worried about the same in MS Windows? Espeially since Microsoft has a track record (again, publicly available information) of misappropriating other people's IP?

    Conversly, if you aren't worried about it with MS Windows, why should you worry about it with linux?

    The company I work for develops custom solutions (mostly wrapper code to integrate commercial applications for very specific task). The solution we develop could be deployed to say 50 sites with hundreds of systems per site. The project cost can be very high (some of the larger ones in the billions range and the smaller ones several hundred thousand), but the cost of commercial applications is generally a small portion of the project. With the legal case still unresolved, would you base your business on saving a couple hundred dollars per system? Maybe going with a vendor that offers indemnification would be acceptable, but for now (and presumably until the SCO IP cases are resolved), our legal department has decided the risk is not worth it.
    Again with the astroturfing.

    1. It isn't about the cost of the OS; go buy Red Hat Enterprise retail for each system for all I care
    2. If you are really getting on the order of $200,000 per PC, even with custom software (sorry "wrapper code"), your margins are quite a bit better than the industry average.
    3. Closed source vendors (e.g. Microsoft) do not offer indemnification in any case (read the EULA some time).
    4. If your legal department has decided that it's better to get locked in to a pig-in-the-poke operating system from a company that is routinely convicted of criminal misconduct rather than use one of the many alternatives because evidently groundless claims have been made against them by a company that is funded by the vendor of the pig-in-the-poke, for the reasons you have given, they are idiots.
    5. I note that it is hard for an idiot to get through law school, let alone get and hold a position of responsibility in a multi-billion dollar corporation.
    My conclusion:

    You're an astroturfer, and not a particularly clever one at that.

    -- MarkusQ