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Kim Peek, aka Rain Man Focus of NASA Study

Bob Vila's Hammer writes "Kim Peek - an autistic man who has been deemed a "mega-savant" for his astonishing knowledge of 15 grand subjects ranging from history and literature, geography and numbers, to sports, music and dates - is a part of a new NASA study to explore the changes in his brain since MRI images were originally taken in 1988. Not only was he the basis of the main character in the movie Rain Man, but he apparently is getting smarter in his specialty areas as he gets older. The study has scientists hoping that technology used to study the effects of space travel on the brain will help explain his mental capabilities."

41 of 366 comments (clear)

  1. The article missed something. by grub · · Score: 5, Funny


    But he also is severely limited in other ways, like not being able to find the silverware drawer at home or dressing himself.

    What's his /. UID?

    --
    Trolling is a art,
    1. Re:The article missed something. by Dr+Caleb · · Score: 4, Funny
      What's his /. UID?

      11606, why? (You knew that was coming as soon as you posted, right ;)

      --
      "History doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme." Mark Twain
    2. Re:The article missed something. by roman_mir · · Score: 5, Funny

      98. Definitely 98.

  2. Kim Peek not "autistic" by daveschroeder · · Score: 5, Informative

    While definitely a "savant", Kim Peek is not behaviorally autistic; Rain Man's character was modified to be an autistic savant. (Autism, like many disorders, is merely a set of diagnostic criteria, and Kim may share some in common with classic autism. However, some critical benchmarks for autism are not shared, making Kim not strictly "autistic".)

    The above article and the brief wikipedia story are very interesting reads. For example, did you know that Kim was born with "an enlarged head and missing corpus callosum, the connecting tissue between the brain hemispheres, damage to the cerebellum and no anterior commissure"?

    1. Re:Kim Peek not "autistic" by Feynman · · Score: 5, Informative
      [D]id you know that Kim was born "missing...the connecting tissue between the brain hemispheres...?"

      According to this artice, "tests showed his brain hemispheres are not separated, forming a single, large 'data storage' area" (emphasis added).

    2. Re:Kim Peek not "autistic" by jd · · Score: 4, Interesting
      The diagnostic criteria for the autistic spectrum tends to be a little on the vague side, but I agree that he doesn't meet the full "official" definition.


      It may be valuable, though, to have a better understanding of how the brain processes such specialized information, especially for those who are autistic. Treatments (where they exist) tend to be haphazard experiments on the patient, with very little information on why some treatments work in some cases, others work in others, and no treatments work at all in yet others.


      Nor is it clear that everything in the "autistic spectrum" is biologically (rather than symptomatically) related. If they are unrelated, it would go a long way to explaining why the effects of medication are so unpredictable.


      As far as I can tell, very little of the mechanics of autism has been researched. The cause is uncertain, though likely to have a genetic component. What that component is, and how significant it is, seems to be completely unknown. There may be environmental factors (MMR vaccines have been looked at with suspicion, for example), but that too is so uncertain as to be mere whistling in the dark.


      The NASA research is unlikely to answer any of these questions, but may provide some clues as to how to get answers in future, and hopefully will inspire researchers to actually do the basic research needed.

      --
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    3. Re:Kim Peek not "autistic" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting
      As far as I can tell, very little of the mechanics of autism has been researched. The cause is uncertain, though likely to have a genetic component. What that component is, and how significant it is, seems to be completely unknown. There may be environmental factors (MMR vaccines have been looked at with suspicion, for example), but that too is so uncertain as to be mere whistling in the dark.

      That is often said, but it just isn't true anymore. The massively deficient and elevated levels of metals in the bodies of autistics is well documented. An autistic has an array of known biochemistry and physiological symptoms. About 99% of cases of autism appear to be caused by heavy metal poisoning insulting the development or function of the brain (there is a perfect overlap between the symptoms of heavy metal poisoning and autism -- because they are the same thing). Some parents are now managing to fully de-autistify their children by chelating mercury and lead. There can be other causes, but they're rare.

      Oh, the MMR vaccine does not cause autism. It might've had a minor negative effect in some individuals that were already going to become autistic though. Apart from some very rare reactions, it seems very doubtful that vaccines cause autism. Although it does seem to me that the heavy metal and other chemical preservatives used in many vaccines may have encouraged the development of autism in vulnerable individuals.
    4. Re:Kim Peek not "autistic" by sl3xd · · Score: 5, Informative

      While definitely a "savant", Kim Peek is not behaviorally autistic; Rain Man's character was modified to be an autistic savant.

      This is true, but it's worth noting that the movie was based around Kim Peek. I've actually met Kim Peek (and his father, Kim didn't live by himself at the time), he's quite a fellow. Apparently Kim was having trouble getting medical care due to both insurance indifference and government beaurocracy, and Dustin Hoffman (who played the savant in the movie) moved mountains to help out Kim. I've also met people with classic autism -- while a psycologist may differ on the strictness of the definition, to the layman it's the same thing. Still, the opprotunity for education is appreciated.

      It's still neat to ask Kim about a little blink-by-town in the middle of nowhere, and he's able to tell you about the area with enough detail that it seems as if he's been there before. (He liked to study maps at one point in time, and no matter how long ago it was, he still remembers perfectly). As long as we stayed in the guidelines set by his father (mainly talking about Kim's areas of interest -- and hence knowledge), he played a perfect game of 'stump the dummy.' (The term originates from one of my engineering professors, referring to Q&A sessions where students ask him questions about their homework, and has nothing to do with Kim Peek. Half the fun of the game was getting the professor to say "I don't know". When talking to Kim Peeks, this never happened.)

      It'll be interesting ot see what the study finds.

      --
      -- Sometimes you have to turn the lights off in order to see.
    5. Re:Kim Peek not "autistic" by relaxrelax · · Score: 5, Informative

      The massive lack of metallothionein in autism (one of the metal detox pathways) does mean higher levels of metals and therefore heavy metal poisoning in 99% of cases; but however you can't claim autism is the same as heavy metal poisoning!!!

      For starters, metal poisoning does NOT always imply lack of metallothionein or autistic behavior, and only mercury poisoning would somewhat approach autism symptoms... superficially!

      Also autism does not always mean metal poisoning. Some autistics have simply not been exposed to enough metals to be poisonned and they're quite autistic - the poison dart frog active substance in their blood and all that without metal poisoning. Autistics with the least metal poisoning have a tendency NOT to be deficient in sulfur like 75% of autistics (in a study by Dr. Waring). Sulfur deficiency is a marker of mercury poisoning, as mercury has affinity for most sulfur groups in the body and therefore damages sulfur metabolism.

      The MMR vaccine is the only vaccine to have a serious connection to autism, but it's like 0.04% of cases and not 99% as Wakefield believed at some point... and it's a delayed effect. Other vaccines don't CAUSE autism, but could certainly account for chance of early diagnosis because of plainly obvious mercury damage and ADD/dyslexia type problems.

      Difference between autistic children of today with the next generation of children that are now on non-mercury (but aluminium preservative) vaccines is gonna be quite instructive, look for it when it shows up...

      The mercury poisoning (quite a common disease among autistics with mercury fillings) is but one of the issues (lead and arsenic kills people too, you know). You CAN'T de-autistify someone with chelation, but curing metal poisoning can raise their IQ just like in non-autistic who are lead poisonned. Then they don't SEEM autistic as much, but still function extremely differently from other people when you look at the details.

      In short, high IQ allows autistics to "pretent to be normal" by learning normal behavior and acting it with good actor skills. You can find all about it in a book called "pretending to be normal".

      By the way, here is another savant (with autistic traits, but possibly not completely autistic). This one is a top 10 mathematician in history according to many.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdos

      Some autistic links: neurodiversity.com

      I recommend the neurodiversity.com section called "murder of autistics" for a good, true, opinion-diverse, very disturbing read.

      --
      Microsoft is pure dog-ma. FreeBSD is pure cat-ma.
    6. Re:Kim Peek not "autistic" by pmsr · · Score: 3, Funny
      So, that explains Dr. Strangelove behaviour.

      /Pedro

    7. Re:Kim Peek not "autistic" by venicebeach · · Score: 4, Informative

      There are other connections besides the corpus callosum and anterior commisure in a normal brain. There is also the hippocampal commissure, as well as the massa intermedia connecting the thalami (although not everybody has this). But it's important to keep in mind that while the corpus callosum and anterior commissure connect the cerebral cortex on both sides, subcortically the brain is unified, and information can transfer down there, say at the level of the midbrain. Also, people born with callosal agenesis are not all that bad at transfering information from one hemisphere to another (compared with someone who has their CC cut later in life) suggesting they use these other channels more efficiently.

  3. Cliche by mboverload · · Score: 3, Funny

    Can we make a beowulf cluster of him?

  4. conspiracy theory 26 by Tablizer · · Score: 5, Funny

    Maybe NASA is too lazy to count stars in Hubble images for density studies, and hope this dude can do it in one shot.

    1. Re:conspiracy theory 26 by pilgrim23 · · Score: 3, Funny

      He can recall about 8000 books so he should be well grounded for other uses. NASA's next project is to have him generate an unending supply of position papers, mission statements, focus group study documentation, and other totally meaningless paperwork to account for all the $800 toilet seats. Peak is flushed with anticipation at the prospect...

      --
      - Minutus cantorum, minutus balorum, minutus carborata descendum pantorum.
  5. Put this dude on Jeopardy!!! by sssmashy · · Score: 5, Funny

    Maybe he could give Ken a run for his money. Also, I'd love to see some "rain man" style banter with Alex as an alternative to the usual tepid small talk.

  6. I welcome by mboverload · · Score: 4, Funny

    I welcome our new autistic all-knowing overlords.

  7. Goal by mphase · · Score: 4, Interesting

    "The goal is to measure what happens in Kim's brain when he expresses things and when he thinks about them."

    Personally I'd be curious to look at the difference in his brain activity when he is dealing with one of his specialities as opposed to when he is trying to find a spoon.

    1. Re:Goal by Timesprout · · Score: 5, Funny

      Dude, there is no spoon.

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  8. Smarter or more knowlegeable? by RealAlaskan · · Score: 4, Insightful
    ... he apparently is getting smarter in his specialty areas as he gets older.

    Smarter or more knowlegeable? If he maintains his fascination in those areas, why would we imagine that he wouldn't gain knowlege?

    Smarter would mean something like ``better able to reason with a given set of information.''

    Since the article is on CNN, I suppose that we shouldn't expect any sort of detail or sense, and not much fact, either.

    1. Re:Smarter or more knowlegeable? by zx75 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      More knowledgable certainly, but entirely possible to be smarter as well. With his amazing accumulation of knowledge, if he is able to reason and answer questions as quickly as he used to, then one must assume he is also getting smarter because indexing and sorting much more data in the same amount of time would represent a large increase in performance.

      Man, I had a hard time typing like that, I detest discussing someone as if they were a machine, but I could think of no better way to make my point.

      --
      This is not a sig.
    2. Re:Smarter or more knowlegeable? by sv0f · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Smarter or more knowlegeable?

      Depends how you define "smart". If you equate it with "intelligence" as studied by psychometricians, then it is common to distinguish two forms.

      If he maintains his fascination in those areas, why would we imagine that he wouldn't gain knowlege?

      "Crystallized" intelligence is roughly speaking the amount of knowledge you have. You're right, this should increase with age, or more generally with experience.

      Smarter would mean something like ``better able to reason with a given set of information.''

      "Fluid" intelligence is roughly speaking the flexibility of thinking, and is measured by having people solve novel problems that don't depend (much) on prior knowledge, culture background, etc. The canonical example is Ravens Progressive Matrices test.

      It's fluid intelligence that you're thinking of, and that I think of too, when the word "intelligence" or "smarts" is used. Fluid intelligence is correlated with things like working memory capacity: how much information you can store and process at the same time -- roughly your "cognitive throughput".

      In general, crystallized intelligence increases (or can increase) with age/experience. However, fluid intelligence (and related constructs such as working memory capacity) actually declines in the elderly.

      The two forms of intelligence are likely subserved by different cortical networks in the brain -- and this is probably relevant given that the article mentions the use of MRI -- but this is the subject of another post!

    3. Re:Smarter or more knowlegeable? by sv0f · · Score: 3, Informative

      [Proof elided.]

      Your argument is not correct.

      The paradox of the expert is this: How can experts have both (1) more knowledge of a domain and (2) faster access to each element of that knowledge?

      Cognitive psychologists began answering this question forty years ago, with De Groot's work in the 1960s and Chase and Simon's work in the early 1970s on chess experts. The answer is to notice that the acquisition of knowledge is typically accompanied by the acquisition of better indices on that knowledge. Or, said another way, you get credit for knowing something when (1) you have stored it somewhere in your long-term memory and (2) you can recall it when it is appropriate. Research since the 1970s has applied these early insights to many other domains besides chess, such as reading X-rays.

      Another way to think of this is that memories are more akin to hashtables than trees or lists. With the right hash function (i.e., indexing scheme), any single item can be retrieved in constant time. [Think also of radix sort versus comparison-based sorting algorithms.]

  9. Do it yourself by wombatmobile · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Be your own savant for a little while... with magnets. Really! Maybe.

  10. Re:NASA? strange brain things? by zenmojodaddy · · Score: 3, Funny

    Dumper than average?

    Dump chimp?

    You fail English? That's unpossible!

  11. They're both Mormon by sssmashy · · Score: 4, Interesting

    As an interesting side note, both Ken Jenning and Kim Peek are Mormon. In fact, Mormon doctrine is one of the subjects that Kim has mastered in mind-dumbing detail.

    1. Re:They're both Mormon by Jon+Abbott · · Score: 5, Funny

      As another interesting side note, Ken Jennings answered a question (or is that questioned an answer) about Rain Man just a few shows ago... After answering he said "definitely, definitely."

  12. Hmmm by o0O+Dooby+O0o · · Score: 3, Funny

    So... where is this guy? I want to take him to the casinos. Two for good, one for bad. :)

  13. Yeah, by robpoe · · Score: 4, Funny

    Definately a waste of money. Big waste. yeah.

    --
    = Grow a brain...
  14. Kim Peek not autistic, just a savant by hkb · · Score: 4, Interesting

    According to the following link, Kim Peek is not autistic, he's just a savant:

    http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant/ki mp eek.cfm


    Along the way to its completion, the original script for the movie Rain Man underwent a number of modifications. While Kim Peek served as the initial inspiration for the story, Raymond Babbitt, as portrayed so admirably by Dustin Hoffman, is a composite savant with abilities drawn from a number of different real life individuals. The main character in that movie, Raymond Babbitt, was modified to be an autistic savant. The story thus is that of a person who is autistic but also has savant skills grafted on to that basic autistic disorder. It is important to remember, therefore, that not all autistic persons are savants, and not all savants are autistic. In preparation for his role, Dustin Hoffman spent time with several other autistic savants and their families, as well as with Kim.

    Fran Peek describes his son this way: "Kim is not behaviorally autistic. He has a warm, loving personality. He truly cares for people and enjoys sharing his unique skills and knowledge capacity.


    It is important to distringuish that Kim Peek does not demonstrate the disassociation portrayed in the Rain Man movie.

    In fact, Kim Peek (along with his dad, Fran) spends a lot of time doing "charity work" with elderly people.

    Supposedly, he's quite a nice guy to talk to, if a bit mentally retarded (or whatever the proper term is these days).

    --
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  15. Re:But can he beat Ken Jennings by Ayaress · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Probably not. Jennings has made it as far as he has because he knows a little bit about seemingly everything, whereas Peek effectively knows everything about a narrow set of fifteen subjects. Jeopardy covers a wide set of subjects in each game (sixteen categories per show, usually one or two of which is a sort of grab bag where all the answers have an O in them or something, but cover completely unrelated topics), with relatively little repeat subjects from show to show. Somebody with a lot of knowledge about a few subjects can win one or two shows if the topics go their way, but they'll lose in the long run because the topics change dramatically.

  16. Re:NASA should keep the study "top secret". by MindStalker · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I know I shouldn't respond to this troll. But I personally know many chinese, and can tell you they are not morally bankrupt.
    Upon questioning them about Tibet, it is obviously apparant that their government has severily altered the truth. Basically the offical line is that the Tibetians (spelling?) are poor and need Chinas help. Tibet is basically viewed as a welfare state by the rest of China. Many Chinese only want Tibet to be part of their country because they feel compasion and want to help them.

    Sadly I could not convense the chinese I talked to that Tibet was anything different, as they assumed that different views were lies by the Western Media. Oh well. Now the Chinese Government being morally corrupt, I could definatly agree. But, I would not be so quick to assume that the civilians are such.

  17. Geography vs. Spoon location by cmstremi · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Interesting that he can describe driving directions and specific geography but can't apply the same skills to locating the silverware - they seem like very similar tasks.

    1. Re:Geography vs. Spoon location by budgenator · · Score: 3, Insightful

      both tasks probably are similar when you can do both and are probably very different for Kim who can't. I find I can find things easily when I put them in a physical location, but when my wife moves them and merely tells me where they are I'm unlikly to remember the new location. My guess is if his parents wrote a book "where things are" and always put things in their place, Kim would be excellent at telling you where they were kept even down to detailed directions to get them, yet would still be unable to get them himself.

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
  18. Clarification by Snaller · · Score: 4, Funny

    Kim Peek - an autistic man who has been deemed a "mega-savant" for his astonishing knowledge of 15 grand subjects ranging from history and literature, geography and numbers, to sports, music and dates

    That's dates as in "When was Christopher Columbus born" not "Take me in your strong arms and make passionate love to me"?

    --
    If Google really cared they would fix Android Chrome to reflow text, instead of discriminating
  19. Peek on tour by DevilPen · · Score: 5, Interesting
    Kim Peek and his father visited my college (Elizabethtown College) several years ago. It was basically the two of them on stage describing Kim's condition. That was followed up by some interesting personal stories from Kim's life... including their involvement in the "Rain Man" film experience.

    The most interesting part of the session was the question and answer portion at the end. For about 30 - 45 minutes Kim fielded various "trivia" questions from the audience. They ranged from obscure baseball facts from 50 years ago, to a student standing up, stating his name and hometown and asking for his address and phone number. No-one succeeded in stumping Peek.

    Peek's visit was certainly one of two most interesting speakers to visit my college while I was there. (the other would be Desmond Tutu)

  20. Why don't they... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Why don't they put in in a room with ALL the available data on HIS condition (autism), let him make autism his latest subject to be a "mega-savant" about; then ASK HIM ABOUT HIS OWN CONDITION ?

  21. Jeapordy grudge match... by acherrington · · Score: 3, Funny

    Kim Peek Versus Ken Jennings on Jepordy.... Wow that would be an episode to remember. Put that on prime time.

    --


    Victory is gained, not in knowing your opponents next move, but in preempting them.
  22. Re:MOD PARENT UP!!! by jd · · Score: 4, Interesting
    Ozzy Osbourne is said to be mildly autistic, does that count?


    Failing that, check autism.about.com for links to sites detailing therapies involving heavy metal detox. Autism Today also has some stuff on the subject.


    I see nothing from the "major" medical and psychiatric sites, though. Most of the stuff seems to be from "alternative" medical sites. Now, that doesn't make it incorrect - medical sites are notoriously slow at picking up new ideas. (The recommended practices for preventing the spread of SARS were largely the recommended practices from Florence Nightingale's medical text!)


    On the flip-side, it does mean that it's not necessarily clinically proven. For example, Oregon has some severely contaminated rivers, especially mercury contamination, but it's not known as a hot-spot for autism the way California is.


    I'd like to see some peer-reviewed research on this. (Particularly if there's anything that could mean I can quit the damn meds for Aspergers. That stuff's not cheap!) But I'm not risking what's left of my brain on unproven guesswork.

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  23. Why it's important if he's smarter with age by Kartik3 · · Score: 3, Informative

    I remember watching a documentary or two about autism and something that was repeatedly found was that as an autistic individual tried to remedy their problems with autism (usually getting better with age) their savant like knowledge began to deteriorate. I have always thought that there is almost a finite amount of brain capacity any one individual is able to have. Meaning, while a savant is able to have incredible knowledge of some things, their brain is so devoted to that knowledge that things, like knowing where the silverwear drawer is, get sacrificed. Specifically, I think that the autistic savant's brain begins to lose the amount of speicfic knowledge in their savant areas as they are adapting to a more social lifestyle and expanding the functionality of their brain. (Others have pointed out that Kim doesn't lack the social skills to be considered classically autistic. However I feel that this explaination may still be able to apply to some degree.)

  24. Now that's a genius by skamuel · · Score: 3, Funny

    The 53-year-old Peek is called a "mega-savant" because he is a genius in about 15 different subjects, from history and literature and geography to numbers, sports, music and dates.

    Wow! Slashdotters, this guy could probably help us out with the girls!

  25. The Solution to the Voting Machine Problem!! by orcrist · · Score: 3, Funny

    I'm surprised nobody has said this yet. We just have this guy count all the votes!

    -chris

    --
    San Francisco values: compassion, tolerance, respect, intelligence