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Huygens Probe Prepares for Saturn Moon Landing

Nathan writes "A probe is about to land on one of Saturn's 35 moons, Titan. The probe is a collaboration with NASA, the European Space Agency and Italy's space program. The probe is apparently about the size of a Volkswagen Beetle. This landing should lead scientists toward new information about the atmosphere and the magnetosphere."

52 of 273 comments (clear)

  1. Good luck! by patdabiker · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I wish everybody involved good luck

    1. Re:Good luck! by lucabrasi999 · · Score: 4, Funny
      I wish everybody involved good luck

      Wait...are you wishing them good luck in Metric or English measurements?

    2. Re:Good luck! by lucabrasi999 · · Score: 2, Funny
      It's an unmanned probe.
      Shyeah. Try telling that to the men and women back at Mission Control.

      He didn't say anything about women.

    3. Re:Good luck! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      This time the Italian space agency forgot to account for Doppler frequency shift. Luckily they found a workaround, so not all is lost.

  2. Probe size by TWX · · Score: 4, Funny

    "The probe is apparently about the size of a Volkswagen Beetle."

    An original Beetle, or a Super Beetle? Or even a new water-cooled "New Beetle"?

    With the Italian involvement, wouldn't comparing it to a Volkswagen Scirocco be more appropriate?

    at least the probe isn't being compared to a Ford Probe...

    --
    Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    1. Re:Probe size by k4_pacific · · Score: 2, Funny

      Clearly it's not the new Beetle, as the cold temperatures on Titan would freeze the engine coolant.

      --
      Unknown host pong.
    2. Re:Probe size by Waffle+Iron · · Score: 5, Funny
      An original Beetle, or a Super Beetle? Or even a new water-cooled "New Beetle"?

      After NASA's previous troubles with imperial measurements, I'm glad to see that they're moving to standard pop-scientific units. The standard unit of volume is based on the Super Beetle, since that was the current model when this benchmark first came into widespread use.

      BTW, the standard Beetle has recently been redefined in terms of human hair; it is now defined as exactly 1.374569443*10^14 cubic human hair widths. The length of a football field and the distance from New York to San Francisco have similarly been redefined as hair multiples. These recent harmonizations will help bring a new consistency to science news stories across all media outlets.

    3. Re:Probe size by Siener · · Score: 2, Funny

      In keeping with the space theme, wouldn't it be better to say that it's about the size of a Ford Prefect?

  3. I can't wait by Ghettoceleb · · Score: 2, Funny

    I hope we can find decent parking.

  4. Re:35 moons! by BTWR · · Score: 4, Insightful
    What amazes me is that Mars, a planet with a third the mass of Earth, has two moons

    Mars has 2 captured asteroids as moons (most likely), whereas we have a gigantic almost-a-double-planet-system going. It's not surprising that Mars, one of the asteroid belt "border" planets would have such a moon (let a lone 2).

  5. Timeline and (better) coverage... by John+Miles · · Score: 5, Informative

    ... at SpaceFlight Now

    It'd be worth staying up for, but the last time I did that, I jinxed the Mars Polar Lander. :(

    If the Huygens timeline executes as planned, it will rank among the coolest engineering achievements in history. It will also have happened thanks to one guy who kept his eye on the ball when nobody else was paying attention.

    --
    Dahlmann tightly grips the knife, which he may have no idea how to use, and steps out into the plain.
    1. Re:Timeline and (better) coverage... by wallitron · · Score: 4, Informative

      Nice save.

      "In short: Cassini is at Saturn, and about to launch the Huygens probe into Titan's atmosphere (splashdown 14th January 2005). The communication link between Huygens and Cassini was not thoroughly tested before launch. Some thoughtful engineer realised this might be a problem, and after some pushing against resistance, managed to test Cassini's response to how they expect the signal from Huygens to look. Surprise suprise, Houston we have a problem. Turns out, the original engineers took account of doppler shift in the carrier wave, but not in the encoded data. D'oh! Problem is encoded in firmware, can't be fixed after launch. Double d'oh! So instead, they've altered Cassini's trajectory to eliminate the doppler shift. Hurrah for Boris Smeds!"

      http://gimbo.org.uk/archives/2005/01/boris_smeds_v s.html

    2. Re:Timeline and (better) coverage... by Basehart · · Score: 2, Interesting

      When I watched this launch I remember wondering what I'd be doing in January 2005. It seemed like so far in the future back in 1997. Meanwhile that spaceraft has been getting further and futher away from us, travelling thousands of miles an hour, and now we're only a few hours from touchdown on a distant moon.

      How totally exciting, to be here in the future :-)

    3. Re:Timeline and (better) coverage... by wass · · Score: 3, Informative
      Wow, that IEEE link one was one of the most informative links I've come across on slashdot, pretty illuminating. It's amazing that the communication system wasn't fully tested. Here's a few quotes for those too lazy to read the article (a bit long) about the problem that a Swedish ESA engineer caught, while everybody else (NASA + ESA) didn't want to consider it.

      It's a real shame that the private Italian subcontractor didn't allow transparency in the plans for the transmitter. I mean, this is a SCIENCE mission, not a competition for profits. (The company viewed NASA as their competitor, and the transmitter as proprietary).

      The board discovered that Alenia Spazio SpA, the Rome-based company that built the radio link, had properly anticipated the need to make the receiver sensitive over a wide enough range of frequencies to detect Huygens's carrier signal even when Doppler shifted. But it had overlooked another subtle consequence: Doppler shift would affect not just the frequency of the carrier wave that the probe's vital observations would be transmitted on but also the digitally encoded signal itself. In effect, the shift would push the signal out of synch with the timing scheme used to recover data from the phase-modulated carrier.

      Because of Doppler shift, the frequency at which bits would be arriving from Huygens would be significantly different from the nominal data rate of 8192 bits per second. As the radio wave from the lander was compressed by Doppler shift, the data rate would increase as the length of each bit was reduced.

      Although the receiver's decoder could accommodate small shifts in the received data rate, it was completely out of its league here. The incoming signal was doomed to be chopped up into chunks that didn't correspond to the actual data being sent, and as a result the signal decoder would produce a stream of binary junk. The situation would be like trying to watch a scrambled TV channel--the TV's tuned in fine, but you still can't make out the picture.

      Alenia Spazio wasn't alone in missing the impact Doppler shift would have on the decoder. All the design reviews of the communications link, including those conducted with NASA participation, also failed to notice the error that would threaten to turn Huygens's moment of glory into an embarrassing failure.

      Alenia Spazio's insistence on confidentiality may have played a role in this oversight. NASA reviewers were never given the specs of the receiver. As JPL's Mitchell explained to Spectrum, "Alenia Spazio considered JPL to be a competitor and treated the radio design as proprietary data."

      JPL's Horttor admitted that NASA probably could have insisted on seeing the design if it had agreed to sign standard nondisclosure agreements, but NASA didn't consider the effort worthwhile, automatically assuming Alenia Spazio would compensate for the changing data rate.

      --

      make world, not war

    4. Re:Timeline and (better) coverage... by FrostedWheat · · Score: 2, Funny

      How totally exciting, to be here in the future :-)

      Your are guilty of temporal violation. Please remain where you are! Time police are making there way to you now. Don't try sneaking back to your own time either ... we where already be.. there... ummm...

    5. Re:Timeline and (better) coverage... by Ford+Prefect · · Score: 2, Informative

      Something about that makes the hairs on the back of my neck stand on end. Goodness knows how he feels today!

      I've got a copy of the ESA Bulletin journal from either January or February 1985 which was given to me years ago by a friend of the family - and one of the main articles is about the Huygens probe, in a form very similar to the final version launched in 1997. I think I ought to scan the article and post it online, just to give people an indication of how thoroughly planned these projects are. Unfortunately it's at home, and I'm in Brussels.

      I was five years old when they had a detailed design for this probe. Now that's scary. :-)

      (Oh, and captain, we get signal! Now just waiting for main screen turn on... ;-) )

      --
      Tedious Bloggy Stuff - hooray?
  6. Interesting article tidbits by ZiZ · · Score: 2, Funny
    The Cassini-Huygens mission is an unprecedented $3.3-billion effort between NASA, the European Space Agency and Italy's space program to study Saturn and its 33 known moons.

    I didn't know Italy had a space program, though I suppose it makes sense.

    "It's really very cold." ... Temperatures hover around -292 F (-180 C) ...

    And the understatement award of the year goes to...Candice Hansen, a scientist for the Cassini-Huygens mission!

    --
    This flies in the face of science.
  7. Re:35 by spac3manspiff · · Score: 2, Funny

    How dare you call Einstein's head a moon.

  8. A sight no one has ever seen before... by Maxim+Kovalenko · · Score: 2, Insightful

    What gets to me about this is the fact that we will truly be seeing something that no human being has ever seen before... I just hope that everything works according to plan...and that they land with a splash instead of a thud :)

    1. Re:A sight no one has ever seen before... by spaceyhackerlady · · Score: 3, Interesting
      What gets to me about this is the fact that we will truly be seeing something that no human being has ever seen before...

      What I've thought was so cool about all of this is that they've taken IR pictures throgh the haze. They can see things, but they haven't a clue what they're looking at. Now that's cool!

      I've seen Titan myself many times, but only as a tiny spark of light along for the ride with Saturn. I've seen 5 of the 35 moons through my backyard telescope.

      I wish the ESA folks all the best.

      ...laura

    2. Re:A sight no one has ever seen before... by andreMA · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If I recall, anything more than 30 minutes of Huygens life on the surface would be pointless because Cassini will be out of range (below the Titan horizon for Huygens) and no data can be sent back from the extra time.

    3. Re:A sight no one has ever seen before... by Seahawk · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Surface touchdown is at 12:34 GMT, and cassini stops receiving data at 14:44 GMT - so the probe could in theory send for 2 hours from the surface.

  9. I smell a spinoff TV movie and possible series... by Jaidon · · Score: 3, Funny
    "The probe is apparently about the size of a Volkswagen Beetle"

    called "Herbie the Love Probe." Wait...that doesn't sound right. It won't be a TV movie, it'll be the new hot pr0n on satellite. It'll certainly be easy to transmit!

    I'm so going to hell now.

  10. Here is a Countdown by mowler2 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Here is the official ESA countdown! At the moment, it's only 4 hours left! :) However, after landing, it will take another 5 hours before the data starts coming in, and we know wether it was a success or a failure.

    In the application, you can also fastforward and see what Cassini does in the coming years.

    1. Re:Here is a Countdown by rhennigan · · Score: 2, Funny

      Thats crazy! Did you know in mid 2008 Cassini justs stops dead and hovers there? Something fishy there...

  11. Umm .... mars? by Craig+Ringer · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Dude, NASA are sending out space probes. Each one is new, different, and complex. They travel utterly incomprehensible distances and deal with really difficult environments. I'm usually astonished whenever one works.

    Then there's the small matter of the mars rovers, which both worked beyond all possible expectations.

    NASA have had their fair share of screw-ups, but I think if there's anything to take them to task about its their beaurocracy and the amount it costs them to do things, rather than their success rate. I'd like to see them able to lob off far more probes for less money, even if a few more failed, but that doesn't seem to be how they work.

    Note that I'm no NASA fanboy, just trying to be a little realistic here.

  12. Re:35 moons! by lucabrasi999 · · Score: 4, Insightful
    I wish Earth were as cool as that.

    Ah, but the Earth is cooler than the other side of the pillow. Our moon is very large in comparison to the size of Earth. Viewed from afar, the Earth/Moon combination must appear to be more like a set of twin planets, instead of a planet/satellite combination. Saturns planets, while some may be large, appear to be very small in comparison to Saturn.

    While none of us have experience in checking out other solar systems, I'll be willing to hypothesize that, in this galaxy, there are very few planet/satellite combinations that are very comparable in mass/size (as the Earth/Moon combo is).

    Check back with me when we get to Alpha Centauri in 10,000 years.

  13. For those interested in discussing this on irc by yuriwho · · Score: 4, Informative

    please join our irc channel #space on irc.freenode.net

    This channel is devoted to discussion of space science, current, past and future space missions.

    This channel is frequented by a lot of knowledgeable folk. And please keep the discussion on topic ;-)

    Y

    --
    no sig.
  14. Not NASA. by i41Overlord · · Score: 4, Informative

    The probe was built by the ESA, not NASA. Cassini is NASA, Huygens probe is ESA.

    And NASA's Mars rovers are still going strong, whereas the ESA's Beagle is just a crater.

  15. Not just images... by YrWrstNtmr · · Score: 3, Interesting

    but hopefully audio as well.
    From SpaceflightNow
    "Also among the expected post-landing data are sounds from a microphone that might capture the rustling of frigid nitrogen winds or lapping waves."

    1. Re:Not just images... by the+frizz · · Score: 2, Informative

      Live video feed from NASA TV too.

  16. Re:35 moons! by Mukaikubo · · Score: 3, Funny

    Don't worry, Planetary Protection Officers are insane. About every probe that leaves Earth is baked in an oven to sterilize it.

  17. this just in from Titan... by seven+of+five · · Score: 2, Funny

    "I for one welcome our Earthly overlords..."

  18. Good luck by g0dsp33d · · Score: 2, Funny

    Hats off to NASA for the 2 rovers, lets hope we learn as much from this. Scary thought, Windows Space Probe Edition. Huygens: image source = bl_scr01.jpg NASA: Crap.

    --
    lol: You see no door there!
  19. VLBI observations of Huygens' descent by zennor · · Score: 5, Interesting

    The data transmitted by Huygens will be uploaded to the Cassini spaceprobe and then transmitted by Cassini back to Earth several times. This data will be received by the NASA DSN dishes such as that a Tidbinbilla near Canberra in Australia.

    Separate to this will be a unique experimental observation organised by JIVE, the Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe that will involve 17 radio telescopes around the world including the Parkes dish in NSW. They will monitor the weak signal of the Huygens probe directly to detct any doppler shift in the signal. Using VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) astronomers hope to be able to pinpoint the entry of Huygens into Titan's atmosphere to within 1 km. As it descends under parachute they also hope to use doppler shifts to measure the speed of the wind at different levels in the atmosphere. Should be an interesting observation.

    (Disclaimer; I work for one of the institutes involved in this experiment)

  20. Re:35 moons! by gnuman99 · · Score: 3, Informative
    While none of us have experience in checking out other solar systems, I'll be willing to hypothesize that, in this galaxy, there are very few planet/satellite combinations that are very comparable in mass/size (as the Earth/Moon combo is).

    Like the Pluto/Chiron?. Closer ration than Earth/Moon.. So there is a closer ratio example in *our* system.

    Hypothesis are suppose to educated guesses based on *current* knowledge. Thus, you are not hypothesizing, but just guessing.

  21. Re:Why oh why by Waffle+Iron · · Score: 2, Insightful
    doesn't the probe have an RTG or some power source other than a battery? It's a shame to have come all this way with only a very short operating life for the probe.

    Once it leaves the insulating vacuum of space and settles into the -300F atmosphere of Titan (almost as cold as liquid nitrogen), the probe is going to freeze solid in short order. It would probably be hard to include an RTG with enough juice to keep it warm on Titan without it overheating the probe on the 7-year trip.

  22. Re:Popular science cliche by xtermin8 · · Score: 3, Funny

    You will find very many popular science articles that use the Beetle as a standard of measurement. Most often as a weight measurement. This may have something to do with the budgets of science teachers through the last half of the 20th century. As many of them could not afford a newer model Beetle, we can safely assume its the old one.

  23. But Not ESA Either by Z+Chameleon · · Score: 5, Informative

    Beagle 2 was not an ESA probe but rather a British project which piggybacked on ESA's Mars Express orbiter (which is going strong by the way).

  24. More coverage: NASA TV and Planetary Society blog by FleaPlus · · Score: 2, Informative

    The Planetary Society's Emily Lakdawalla is running a weblog from Huygens mission control in Darmstadt, Germany. This weblog will be updated as events happen, so it should be interesting to watch.

    It also looks like NASA TV will have live coverage for much of Friday. You can access their video and audio streams here.

  25. Variable-heat RTGs by Sloppy · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Maybe I don't understand RTGs too well, but .. can't you just have the materials spaced far apart when it's in vaccuum, and then once the probe enters a heat-conducting medium and starts to get cold, have it use some little motor to move the the materials closer together?

    Um, and then move them even closer together, really fast, if the probe is ever captured by hostile Martians and needs to self-destruct. ;-)

    Or does the stuff in RTGs not decay faster when it gets neutrons sprayed at it?

    --
    As copyright owner of this comment, I authorize everyone to defeat any technological measure which limits access to it.
  26. Re:35 moons! by utexaspunk · · Score: 2, Funny

    Check back with me when we get to Alpha Centauri in 10,000 years

    Pah! We'll be on future tech 47 by then and probably have a Conquest victory before you get your Space Race victory. Besides, the game ends in 45 years...

  27. www.esa.int by dolmen.fr · · Score: 5, Informative

    I won't blame anyone who hasn't RTFA for this news, because here is the really interesting link: the ESA (European Space Agency) portal.
    A 346 words article from India Daily is not the most relevant for an ESA project.

    I hope /. moderators would care a bit more when posting news. Recently the interesting links were often missing. A link to a press agency article may be interesting to some, but we have other sources for that. I expect a bit more from a /. news: the poster should at list post links to official sites with deeper information.

  28. Re:Titan by HeghmoH · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Smart people separate NASA's robotic probes program from NASA's manned spaceflight program. The former is amazingly successful and has produced incredible benefits. The latter hasn't done anything really interesting since Apollo, and it's that program which is foundering and has no credibility.

    --
    Mod down posts with a "Free Mac Mini/iPod" sig, they're spam!
  29. Re:Only a few hours until it makes a crater on Tit by KontinMonet · · Score: 3, Informative

    The US engineers did not discover the problem. It was a Swedish engineer.

    Furthermore: "Alenia Spazio (the Italian contractor) wasn't alone in missing the impact Doppler shift would have on the decoder. All the design reviews of the communications link, including those conducted with NASA participation, also failed to notice the error that would threaten to turn Huygens's moment of glory into an embarrassing failure."

    Get your facts right (although being AC, no doubt it was just xenophobic bullshit on your part).

    --
    Did he inhale?
  30. Re:Only a few hours until it makes a crater on Tit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    If you really want to find out about what happened about the design of the radio link between Huygens and Cassini and who who exactly discovered the problem and was insistent enough to get it fixed, then read this excellent article in IEEE's Spectrum:

    http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/publicfeatu re /oct04/1004titan.html

    hint: it was a Swede working at ESA in Germany... so much about team play :)

  31. first probe images by EccentricAnomaly · · Score: 2, Funny

    First images from the probe are very curious indeed.

    --
    There are 10 types of people in this world, those who can count in binary and those who can't.
  32. Huygens' carrier signal detected! by EdibleEchidna · · Score: 4, Interesting

    According to ESA's website: The Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) in West Virginia, USA, a part of the global network of radio telescopes involved in tracking the Huygens Titan probe, has detected the probe's carrier signal.

    This means that the probe survived the entry (heat-shield) phase of the descent and the main parachute opened, but we still have to wait for the main part of the show...

  33. Re:35 moons! by dabigpaybackski · · Score: 2, Funny
    What amazes me is that Mars, a planet with a third the mass of Earth, has two moons whereas we only have one. Saturn has 35 moons! And two rings! I wish Earth were as cool as that.

    Great, an Earth with 35 moons. Now try putting yourself in the shoes of the guy who would have to write the tide tables. And what would the added gravitational stresses do to our tectonic situation--see Io for example. And finally, just how fricking wierd and convoluted would our religions be with that many bright and gravely portentious celestial objects flitting around the heavens? So remember, before you go and start tacking on moons, think of the ramifications first.

    --
    "OH SHIT, THERE'S A HORSE IN THE HOSPITAL!"
  34. Titan by Antonymous+Flower · · Score: 2, Interesting

    This mission is very exciting. In an introductory chemistry course one might learn of the "triple-point" of a substance. This is the point at which a substance may exist as a vapor, a liquid, or a solid. Earth's atmosphere allows for the triple-point of water which we all should know is vital to our functionality as living beings. Titan's atmosphere allows for the triple-point of methane. It is speculated that this may allow for a mechanism of life based on methane. Discovery of extraterrestrial life WILL change everything. Good Luck on your mission, gentleman. The world is with you and eager.

  35. Re:35 moons! by djc6430 · · Score: 2, Informative

    Planet Claire has pink air, and all the trees are red.

  36. The probe is alive ! by mbone · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Good News from Titan !

    The Great Big Telescope (officially the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope) at Green Bank, West Virginia has detected the carrier signal from the Huygens probe.

    This means that the spacecraft is alive, has made it through re-entry, and the parachute has deployed.

    A total of 17 radio telescopes here on Earth are tracking the Huygens probe, using a technique called Very Long Baseline Interferometry, or VLBI. Using phase referenced VLBI, it should be possible to track the Huygens descent to within about a kilometer on Titan, and to get descent velocities to within a few millimeters / second along the line of site. This will give us a pretty good idea of the winds that the probe encounters as it descends, and also should really nail down the rotation of Titan if the probe makes it to the surface. Here is a more detailed description (pdf file) of what's being done using VLBI from Leonid Gurvits.

    While this does not mean that the Huygens mission is a full success (I personally want pictures from the surface!), it does mean that some scientific data will be returned. I can't wait to see more.