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Simulated Universe

anonymous lion writes "A story in the Guardian Unlimited reports on The Millennium Simulation saying that it is 'the biggest exercise of its kind'. It required 25 million megabytes of memory to take our universe's initial conditions along with the known laws of physics to create this simulated universe." From the article: "The simulated universe represents a cube of creation with sides that measure 2bn light years. It is home to 20m galaxies, large and small. It has been designed to answer questions about the past, but it offers the tantalising opportunity to fast-forward in time to the slow death of the galaxies, billions of years from now."

40 of 332 comments (clear)

  1. So where can I download it? by Uppity+Nigger · · Score: 3, Informative

    I think my PC can handle it.

  2. 25 TB? That's nothing. by daveschroeder · · Score: 2, Informative

    The University of Wisconsin has deployed 200 TB of storage for support of similar types of experiments as part of the Grid Laboratory of Wisconsin.

    Brief article, with pictures:

    University of Wisconsin deploys nearly 200TB of Xserve RAID storage (Google cache)

    The storage is used for, among other things, particle physics simulations in support of research projects at sites such as the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. More information on GLOW and its initiatives can be found here.

    Text of the above article:

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison has deployed 35 5.6TB Xserve RAID storage arrays in a single research installation as part of an ongoing scientific computing initiative.

    The Grid Laboratory of Wisconsin (GLOW), a partnership between several research departments at the University of Wisconsin, have installed almost 200TB, or 200,000GB, of Xserve RAID arrays. As a comparison, 200TB of storage is enough to hold 2.75 years of high definition video, 25,000 full length DVD movies, 323,000 CDs, 20 printed collections of the Library of Congress, or over 1000 Wikipedias.

    The GLOW storage installation is physically split between the departments of Computer Sciences and High Energy Physics. Each Xserve RAID is attached to a dedicated Linux node running Fedora Core 3 via an Apple Fibre Channel PCI-X Card and is either directly accessed via various mechanisms, such as over the network via gigabit ethernet, or aggregated using tools such as dCache.

    The storage is primarily used to act as a holding area for large amounts of data from experiments such as the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) and ATLAS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.

    Aside from the GLOW initiative, the university also has Xserve RAID storage systems in use in other areas as well.


    Full disclosure: I am the administrator of alienraid.org and am affiliated with the University of Wisconsin.

    1. Re:25 TB? That's nothing. by Seumas · · Score: 5, Informative

      I'm pretty sure that they're talking about RAM. And yes, 23 terrabytes of RAM is a ton.

    2. Re:25 TB? That's nothing. by andyh1978 · · Score: 4, Informative
      I figured they meant 25 TB of RAM. Which would be much more impressive.
      This was on Newsnight a couple of days ago; the researcher said their machine had 1TB of RAM.

      That's confirmed in page 18 of their paper: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/astro-ph/pdf/0504/050409 7.pdf
      The calculation was performed on 512 processors of an IBM p690 parallel computer at the Computing Centre of the Max-Planck Society in Garching, Germany. It utilised almost all the 1 TB of physically distributed memory available. It required about 350000 processor hours of CPU time, or 28 days of wall-clock time.
      The mean sustained floating point performance (as measured by hardware counters) was about 0.2 TFlops, so the total number of floating point operations carried out was of order 5x10^17.
    3. Re:25 TB? That's nothing. by daveschroeder · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Jeez.

      Yeah, I can point out more that that too in our facilities.

      After all, UW-Madison is one of the largest research universities in the world.

      The point is that:

      - They were talking about 25TB of disk, not RAM
      - 200TB in a single installation for a single project is hardly "peanuts"; it's actually quite a bit by enterprise storage standards, but that's neither here nor there
      - Oracle is doing press releases on things like using *50 TB* of disk for a project
      - 200TB of Xserve RAIDs in one place is, I believe, the largest Xserve RAID installation at a single site (save perhaps Apple), and that was really the thrust of the article anyway

      So, even if you do see 200TB of disk as "peanuts", then 25TB of disk is a peanut shell fragment. The comparison is still apt because the submission and the press release and articles are talking about 25TB of disk like it's a shitload, and I'm just pointing out that it's not in this environment (particle physics).

    4. Re:25 TB? That's nothing. by stinkbomb · · Score: 2, Informative

      The real amount of RAM used is ~1 TB according to the Max Planck Institute: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/mpa/research/curren t_research/hl2004-8/hl2004-8-en-print.html

    5. Re:25 TB? That's nothing. by Pxtl · · Score: 2, Interesting

      No, seriously - all trolling aside, it's a really good paper. I'm a left-wing atheist and I respect it's journalistic integrity. The fact that it has that name was an explicit wish if it's founder, and it really is unrelated to the actual content of the paper.

  3. "25 million megabytes of memory" by brickballs · · Score: 3, Funny

    "25 million megabytes of memory"

    man, just when i thought 2 gigs was a lot...

    --
    "What does slashdotting mean?"
    "You've never heard of slashdot?"
    "I know it makes websites not work."
  4. 25 Million Megabytes by 823723423 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Whoa this is slashdot - news for nerds, convert to metric please,
    or least use Giga or Tera :P

    1. Re:25 Million Megabytes by turkeyphant · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I use SI units - tebibytes.

  5. SECRET CHEAT by rebug · · Score: 5, Funny

    Just type "FUND" a few hundred times.

    Do it before you build anything, because it causes earthquakes.

    --

    there's more than one way to do me.
  6. longhorn by systemofadown · · Score: 3, Funny

    isn't how much memory longhorn need to run?

    --
    Science is but a perversion of itself unless it has as its ultimate goal the betterment of humanity. -Nikola Telsa
  7. I thought by CastrTroy · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I thought that they really hadn't even figured out how the universe worked. They have stuff like stars that are older than some estimates of the universe's age, and missing matter in the form of dark matter that they can't account for. How are they supposed to simulate the universe, if the model they have is so badly flawed.

    --

    Anthropic principle: We see the universe the way it is because if it were different we would not be here to see it.
    1. Re:I thought by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      They have stuff like stars that are older than some estimates of the universe's age

      No, they don't. This has happened a few times in the past, e.g., when they didn't know about the different populations of stars, but currently there isn't an age problem.

      and missing matter in the form of dark matter that they can't account for

      We don't know what dark matter is, but we know enough about its gravitational properties -- that's why it was postulated to exist, after all -- to simulate its effects on these scales.

      How are they supposed to simulate the universe, if the model they have is so badly flawed.

      The models we have are not as badly flawed as you think they are. But even if they are flawed, that's the point of the simulation: to test the validity of the model. If the simulation's results don't agree with observations, then that tells us about where the model fails.
    2. Re:I thought by willpall · · Score: 3, Insightful
      That's probobly why they didn't name it, "Super Duper Accurate and Exact Precision Model of the Universe".

      Welcome to science, where no matter how far you come along, there's always a ways more to go. Today's models are flawed, but not nearly as much as yesterday's. And even if the Dark Matter mysteries or older-than-time star mysteries are resolved, I'm sure there will be other mysteries we have yet to discover. These simulations are a part of that process.

      --
      Libertarian: label used by embarrassed Republicans, longing to be open about their greed, drug use and porn collections.
    3. Re:I thought by mindstrm · · Score: 2, Interesting

      They haven't, that's why you build a simulator.. to explore various ideas.

      A flight simulator does not perfectly simulate flight, but it does let you see what effect different changes have based on your mathematical models. Same idea here..

  8. Here's the top output by GPLDAN · · Score: 3, Funny

    #top

    PID USER PRI NI SIZE RSS SHARE STAT LIB %CPU %MEM TIME COMMAND
    561 ganesh 13 0 58876 25000000M 1044 S 0 0.7 95.1 68:51 universe

    1. Re:Here's the top output by iibagod · · Score: 2, Funny

      Not on Ganesh's system. Top expresses TIME in Kalpas. You're still using the year? How provincial.

  9. Google Maps by msbmsb · · Score: 4, Funny

    So when will Google Maps be available for this universe?

    1. Re:Google Maps by FleaPlus · · Score: 2, Interesting

      In all seriousness, the interface used by Google Maps seems like it would be well-suited for dealing with astronomical imaging data.

  10. Dudes... by GeorgeMcBay · · Score: 5, Funny

    What if we're in a simulated universe, simulating other universes?

    Whoaaa.

    Pass the bong, dude.

    1. Re:Dudes... by Feyr · · Score: 2, Interesting

      have you read neal stephenson's "diamond age"? he has one of those, they do computation by fucking wildly (and i mean that quite literally)

  11. Oh, great by Marko+DeBeeste · · Score: 3, Funny

    Now we're going to /. the cosmos.

    --
    Faith: n. -- That human impulse that drives them to steal appliances when the power goes out
  12. Predicting the future by XXIstCenturyBoy · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I always though that a computer large enough to handle a simulation of the universe would allow us to predict the future, even at individual level if the simulation was advanced enough.

    And then I realized that the smallest simulation of the universe would probably be the size of the universe.

    It got very confusing at that point.

    1. Re:Predicting the future by Jeremi · · Score: 2, Insightful
      And then I realized that the smallest simulation of the universe would probably be the size of the universe.


      Bah... the universe is mostly empty space. It would compress nicely.

      --


      I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
    2. Re:Predicting the future by Mathonwy · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I think it actually (or perhaps also?) falls under the pigeonhole principal. In order to fit x seperate pidgeons, you need at least x holes. Or, in data storage terms, to be able to always represent x bytes worth of data, you need at least x bytes worth of data. (Compression sometimes seems to get around this, but with compression, it's almost always a tradeoff: It can store certain configurations of data (usually the most common) in less than x bytes, but other configurations (random noise, for example) almost always takes more. In order to ALWAYS be sure of being able to store x bytes, you need at least x bytes to store it in.)

    3. Re:Predicting the future by physicsphairy · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "Bah... the universe is mostly empty space. It would compress nicely."
      In truth, no space is empty; and you can compress the data, but then you will not have a perfect simulation; your computer will take longer to process the data than the span of the events which are occuring. As far as predicting the future goes, it would be useless, because the real universe would complete its 'calculations' long before your more space-efficient machine did--you would in effect only be able to 'predict' the past.

    4. Re:Predicting the future by Vellmont · · Score: 3, Informative

      The uncertainty principle makes this an impossibility. Even if you could somehow simulate everything you could never get the exact initial conditions of even one particle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle

      --
      AccountKiller
  13. This is nothing .... by xqcom · · Score: 2, Funny

    Ho Hum ..... If you REALLY want to impress people, then design a simulation of how corporate management ( and IT in particular) thinks and behaves.

    --
    Denial is not a river in Egypt
  14. Re:Douglas Adams by OverlordQ · · Score: 2, Funny

    No, i'm sure this machine doesn't extrapolate the universe based off of a piece of fairy cake.

    --
    Your hair look like poop, Bob! - Wanker.
  15. Molest me not... by Weaselmancer · · Score: 3, Funny

    ...with this pocket calculator stuff.

    --
    Weaselmancer
    rediculous.
  16. the simulated universe includes the simulator? by Garabito · · Score: 2, Funny

    And if it does, the simulator in the simulated universe simulates other universe?

    And if it does, does it include the simulator?

    And this simulator...

  17. Are you educated stupid? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    The simulated universe represents a cube of creation

    It represents 4 simultaneous cubes of creation. Dumbass!

  18. One small detail by FunWithHeadlines · · Score: 2, Insightful
    "but it offers the tantalising opportunity to fast-forward in time to the slow death of the galaxies, billions of years from now"

    Assuming your assumptions and input are correct, of course.

  19. IBM was doing this in the '70s... by argent · · Score: 4, Funny

    At least this was going around when I was at Berkeley:

    NEW OPERATING SYSTEM:

    Because so many users have asked for an operating system of even greater capability than VM, IBM announces the Virtual Universe Operating System --- OS/VU.

    Running under VU the individual user appears to have not merely a machine of his own, but an entire universe of his own, in which he can set up and take down his own programs, data sets, system networks, personnel and planetary systems. He need only specify the universe he desires, and the OS/VU system generation program (IEHGOD) does the rest. This program resides in SYS1.GODLIB. The minimum time for this function is 6 days of activity and 1 day of review. In conjunction with OS/VU, all system utilities reside in SYS1.MESSIAH. This program has no parms or control cards, as it knows what you want to do when you execute it.

    Naturally, the user must have attained a certain degree of sophistication in the data processing field if an efficient utilization of OS/VU is to be achieved. Frequent calls to non-resident galaxies can, for instance, lead to unexpected delays in the execution of a job. Although IBM, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, the United States, is working on a program to upgrade the speed of light and thus reduce the overhead of extraterrestrial and metadimensional paging, users must be careful for the present to stay within the laws of physics. IBM must charge an additional fee for violations.

    OS/VU will run on any IBM x0xx equipped with the Extended WARP Feature. Rental is 20 million dollars per cpu/nanosecond.

    Users should be aware that IBM plans to migrate all existing systems and hardware to OS/VU as soon as our engineers effect one output that is (conceptually) error free. This will give us a base to develop an even more powerful OS, target date 2001, designated as 'Virtual Reality'. OS/VR is planned to allow the user to migrate to totally unreal universes. To aid the user in identifying the difference between 'Virtual Reality' and 'Real Reality', a file containing a linear record of multisensory total records of successive moments of now will be established. It's name will be SYS1.EST.

  20. Not even enough to hold "Spider-Man 2" by Apotsy · · Score: 2, Interesting
    According to this, "Spider-Man 2" employed a 4K digital intermediate, resulting in nearly 40 terabytes of data for just the completed footage (without sound).

    25TB ain't enough to even hold a single feature film, let alone the universe.

  21. Not earthquakes by bluGill · · Score: 2, Funny

    Don't worry, typing "FUND" does not cause earthquakes. In fact if you do it early enough there is no earth to quake. However does cause 'big bangs', which can be devastating to an established universe.

  22. How about giving me an accurate weather report? by Proudrooster · · Score: 2, Insightful

    So let me get this straight. We can put together enough hardware to simulate the universe, YET WE ARE UNABLE TO PREDICT THE FREAKING WEATHER.

    Instead, put all those computers together to model the earth's weather and use the laws of physics to tell me if I should take off next Friday to play golf or schedule a trip to Disney in late August. Geez........

    1. Re:How about giving me an accurate weather report? by fbform · · Score: 2, Interesting
      We can put together enough hardware to simulate the universe, YET WE ARE UNABLE TO PREDICT THE FREAKING WEATHER.

      Not sure if you were trolling, but simulating the universe requires only the equations for gravity and relativity to be simulated (physicists, please correct me if quantum mech is also required). Either way, those are non-chaotic systems. Weather prediction (fluid mechanics) involves solving the Navier-Stokes equations, which is computationally difficult.

      You can however make better predictions regarding the climate (the average weather over longer time periods in a particular place). You can say with high certainty that it won't snow in Singapore this winter, but you don't know if it will rain there on Dec 24 at 2 PM. The universe simulation is somewhat like that - simple equations over reasonably large time steps. Weather prediction is not like that - difficult equations over short time steps.

      --
      Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.
  23. The answer is 42. Didn't they read the book? by blueberry(4*atan(1)) · · Score: 2, Funny

    Sheesh!